LE Figaro : Énergie: comment les errements de l’État et les déficiences d’EDF me

Énergie: comment les errements de l’État et les déficiences d’EDF mettent la France à genoux
DÉCRYPTAGE - La comparaison avec l’étranger est cruelle pour l’exploitant français.
La fierté de la France électrique, son parc de centrales nucléaires, à moitié au tapis. Alors que Vladimir Poutine a presque fermé le robinet du gaz russe pour asphyxier l’économie européenne, les 56 réacteurs auraient pu apporter une énergie dont l’Europe manque cruellement. Las. Plus de la moitié du parc est actuellement à l’arrêt. Cet hiver sera très tendu, car seuls environ 45 gigawatts sur une puissance totale de 63 gigawatts, tourneront.
D’ici décembre, l’exploitant doit remettre en route pas moins de 25 réacteurs. Tiendra-t-il le rythme? Les acteurs du marché de gros ne croient pas à la capacité d’EDF à réaliser cette remontada. En témoigne un prix du mégawattheure (1000 kilowattheures) de 1200 euros pour livraison en décembre. Cela correspond à un scénario plus noir que le plus pessimiste de ceux envisagés par RTE pour cet hiver.
De nombreuses causes d’inefficacités peuvent expliquer en partie le rallongement des arrêts de tranche
Résumé du rapport d’audit sur les arrêts pour maintenance
Le passif d’EDF en termes de retards au redémarrage de ses réacteurs n’incline pas à l’optimisme. Depuis 2016, l’exploitant a systématiquement plusieurs unités de retard sur ses prévisions à 90 jours. «Le prédicteur est toujours biaisé dans le même sens, et c’est le mauvais, tacle-t-on au sein de l’exécutif. Il faut qu’EDF se concentre sur l’opérationnel et qu’il soit attentif aux compétences.»

La direction d’EDF ne digère pas ce genre de critiques émanant des cabinets ministériels depuis plusieurs mois pour rejeter la responsabilité de la crise actuelle entièrement sur le groupe. Le sujet a fait l’objet d’un duel à distance entre Emmanuel Macron et Jean-Bernard Lévy. Le premier pointe les responsabilités opérationnelles de l’exploitant du parc ; le second déplore les errements de l’État stratège et l’absence de commande d’EPR durant la décennie 2010. «Il y a dix ans, si la filière avait pu lancer des chantiers, on aurait pu avoir plus de salariés que nous aurions pu déplacer vers les urgences à traiter sur le parc actuel, a martelé le PDG d’EDF lors de son audition à l’Assemblée nationale, mercredi matin. Cela explique l’absence de marge de manœuvre de la filière, en particulier sur les métiers les plus pointus.»
Le président de la République a rappelé son engagement en soutien de la filière nucléaire, avec le sauvetage d’Areva en 2015, le report à 2035 de la réduction à 50 % de la part de l’atome dans le mix électrique, et le discours de Belfort en février dernier annonçant la commande de nouveaux EPR.

En face, l’album souvenir d’EDF est rempli des petits et grands renoncements du politique dans le domaine nucléaire. Le projet d’EPR à Penly, annoncé par Nicolas Sarkozy en 2009, est resté plus d’une décennie en jachère. François Hollande, pour ménager ses alliés écologistes, n’a pas seulement décidé le sacrifice de la centrale de Fessenheim. Son gouvernement a mis trois ans à valider, sous une forme comptable au bilan d’EDF, la perspective d’un allongement de quarante à cinquante ans de la durée de vie du reste du parc, en d’autres termes, l’hypothèse qui fondait le grand carénage. En 2018, Emmanuel Macron a confirmé la fin de Fessenheim et communiqué sur le programme de fermeture de douze autres réacteurs entre 2025 et 2035. Cela en s’appuyant sur les hypothèses très conservatrices d’évolution de la consommation de courant produites, à l’époque, par RTE.

Soudeurs américains
De quoi expliquer les problèmes d’attractivité et de motivation chez EDF? Le groupe a, de son côté, tendu les bâtons pour se faire battre. Les retards de l’EPR Flamanville fournissent depuis dix ans le meilleur des prétextes à la procrastination politique. EDF souffre aussi depuis longtemps d’une faible disponibilité de ses centrales. Pour comprendre la multiplication des retards lors des arrêts pour maintenance, l’ex-ministre de la Transition écologique Barbara Pompili avait demandé à l’électricien qu’il fasse réaliser un audit externe sur le sujet. Un résumé de cette étude, rédigé par EDF, a été publié mardi. Il en ressort que «de nombreuses causes d’inefficacités peuvent expliquer en partie le rallongement des arrêts de tranche». Les auteurs relèvent que «si beaucoup d’exploitants étrangers ont connu des périodes difficiles de dérive des plannings d’arrêt, la plupart sont parvenus à remettre le processus sous contrôle, ce qui permet d’espérer que le parc EDF saura également réussir ce défi». Une façon alambiquée pour EDF de reconnaître une dérive de ses plannings. L’audit recommande donc la mise en place «d’un plan d’amélioration de la productivité».

La comparaison avec l’étranger est cruelle pour l’exploitant français. «Alors qu’il se vante d’avoir le parc le plus homogène et le plus gros géré par une même entité, ce qui devrait générer des gains d’efficacité, EDF est le plus mauvais élève», tacle un professionnel du secteur. Les arrêts classiques durent entre 70 et 119 jours en moyenne en France. C’est plus de deux fois plus long que dans le reste du monde. Les États-Unis, par exemple, font des arrêts de trente jours seulement et fonctionnent parfois en «trois-huit» pour réduire les durées. Le rapport d’audit avance que le «contexte réglementaire», en matière «du droit du travail», «explique notamment une partie de la différence de disponibilité du parc nucléaire français et de la durée des arrêts de tranche par rapport au benchmark international». «Les retards posent la question de la sous-traitance et des difficultés de trouver des gens compétents et formés», pointe pour sa part Virginie Neumayer, déléguée CGT.
«Personne n’est vraiment responsable de l’état du parc aujourd’hui: les centrales ont 40 ans, elles ont vieilli et nécessitent davantage d’attention», observe un ingénieur d’EDF. Un argument battu en brèche par un analyste spécialisé dans le nucléaire: «Si c’était vrai, alors tous les parcs nucléaires du monde verraient leur disponibilité chuter, ce qui n’est pas le cas.»

Ce problème de maintenance propre à EDF est aggravé par une conjonction d’événements prévisibles et exceptionnels tombant au pire moment. Le prévisible, d’abord. EDF réalise un gros programme de modernisation de ses 32 plus vieux réacteurs, qui atteignent les 40 ans. Dans le cadre de ce «grand carénage», cela entraîne des arrêts de cinq mois ou plus. Cinq de ces visites des 40 ans devaient débuter cette année, cinq autres en 2023 puis cinq encore en 2024. Il était su depuis plusieurs années que les hivers compris entre 2021 et 2024 seraient tendus sur le plan électrique. En 2014, l’ex-patron d’EDF Henri Proglio, qui espérait son renouvellement alors qu’il était, déjà, interpellé sur la disponibilité du parc, s’engageait devant les députés à ce que «pendant les travaux du grand carénage, la durée d’indisponibilité des réacteurs ne dépasse pas celle que nous connaissons actuellement, puisque les travaux seront réalisés dans le cadre de la maintenance du parc».
S’est ajoutée à ce programme de modernisation à 50 milliards d’euros la pandémie. Or le parc nucléaire a le Covid long. L’arrêt des opérations de maintenance durant un mois au printemps 2020 a provoqué un effet domino dans le planning de maintenance qui ne s’épuisera pas avant 2023-2024.

C’est dans ce contexte qu’est tombée, en décembre dernier, la pire nouvelle possible: un défaut de série inattendu sur ses réacteurs les plus puissants. Les réacteurs auscultés, aujourd’hui au nombre de quinze, voient leurs arrêts allongés de plusieurs mois. Certains ne seront pas au rendez-vous cet hiver. L’ensemble de ces facteurs explique que la production nucléaire d’EDF restera très basse en 2023: entre 315 et 345 térawattheures (TWh) contre 393 TWh en 2018, a annoncé le groupe mardi.
Pour faire face, EDF doit, selon nos informations, faire venir une centaine de soudeurs américains de Westinghouse d’ici la fin de l’année. Le gouvernement s’affaire à faciliter l’obtention de leurs visas.

>>> TradeGate Pre-Market Indications

DAX:
  • Zalando (ZAL TH) +0.9%
  • Airbus (AIR TH) +0.5%
  • Vonovia (VNA TH) +0.5%
  • Fresenius SE (FRE TH) +0.5%
  • VW (VOW3 TH) +0.4%
  • Munich Re (MUV2 TH) -1.1%
MDAX:
  • Uniper (UN01 TH) +1%
    • Germany Mulls Nationalizing Uniper as Energy Crisis Worsens (2)
  • Lufthansa (LHA TH) +0.9%
    • Germany’s Richest Man Increases Lufthansa Stake to 17.5% (1)
  • Thyssenkrupp (TKA TH) +0.8%
  • TAG Immobilien (TEG TH) +0.7%
  • Siemens Energy (ENR TH) +0.6%
  • Evonik (EVK TH) +0.6%
  • Commerzbank (CBK TH) -0.3%
    • Morgan Stanley Now Sees European Banks as Attractive, ING Raised
  • K+S (SDF TH) -0.5%
  • Delivery Hero (DHER TH) -1.5%
SDAX:
  • About You (YOU TH) +1%
  • DIC Asset (DIC TH) +0.5%
  • Schaeffler (SHA TH) +0.3%
  • Heidelberger Druck (HDD TH) +0.1%
  • Hochtief (HOT TH) -0.6%
    • Atlantia May Sell Its 14.5% Stake in Hochtief: MF
  • MorphoSys (MOR TH) -1.3%

>>> What to look at today - 15th of September 2022

Asian stocks rose following their worst sell-off in two weeks after US equities rebounded as investors weigh the prospect of large interest rate hikes by the Federal Reserve. The dollar was little changed.  Benchmarks in Japan and Australia climbed. Shares advanced in Hong Kong as Chinese developers rallied amid reports of increased efforts by officials to arrest a housing slump. US futures climbed after the S&P 500 closed in the green thanks to dip buyers late in the session.  Traders remain focused on US economic data, with a decline in producer prices there providing some relief after the jolt from consumer-price figures saw wagers for rate increases ratchet higher. Retail sales due Thursday and University of Michigan readings Friday will be parsed for clues on the strength of the economy and inflation expectations.   Swaps traders are pricing in a hike of three-quarters of a percentage point when the Fed meets next week, with some wagers appearing for a full-point move.   Swaps traders are pricing in a hike of three-quarters of a percentage point when the Fed meets next week, with some wagers appearing for a full-point move. Asian currencies remain at risk from a strong greenback. The yen held around 143 per dollar, having rallied from just under the closely-watched 145 level Wednesday on signs the Bank of Japan was preparing an intervention.  The offshore yuan was close to the 7 level versus the dollar after the central bank drained liquidity from the banking system for a second straight month while leaving rates unchanged as it sought to ease pressure on the currency. Crude oil fluctuated amid optimism for demand with China easing Covid restrictions in the megacity of Chengdu. Natural gas futures surged the most among major US-traded commodities as hot weather forecasts and a looming rail strike added to concern about tight supplies ahead of winter.  US After Hours Quiet session after-hours; DHR +4.6% on plans to spin off its EAS segment as a separate publicly traded co; ARNC -8.3% on guidance; PYPL -1% on CFO taking a leave of absence.

Nikkei +0.18% Hang Seng +0.14% CSI -1.17% Shanghai -1.47% Shenzen -2.62%

Eur$ 0.9972 CNH 6.9742 CNY 6.9665 JPY 143.40 GBP 1.1528 CHF 0.9630 RUB 59.9437 TRY 18.2573 WTI$ 88.50 +0.02% Gold 1,692.30 -0.30% BTC 20,030+0.40% ETH 1,596.72 -0.38%

S&P -0.02% Nasdaq -0.09% EuroStoxx -0.06% FTSE +0.35% Dax +0.01% SMI-0.32%

Macro :
- Europe Prepares Blackout Plans to Head Off Winter Energy Chaos
- ECB’s Holzmann Says Inflation Set to Accelerate Even More
- Putin’s War Machine May Be Secret Weapon Helping Prop Up Economy
- Dalio Warns Stocks May Fall as Rubenstein Says Buy: Daybreak
- Billionaire Patagonia Founder Gives Firm Away for Climate Fight
- Sweden Premier Andersson to Resign After Losing Election

Keep an eye on :
- AB FP : AB Science to Continue Phase 2 Study Evaluating Masitinib
- ABIO FP : KKR Holds 92.19% of Albioma After Closing of Tender Offer
- AF FP : Air France to Raise Salaries by 5% as Inflation Accelerates
- AMUN FP : Caceis Will Buy 33.33% of Amundi’s Fund Channel
- ATL IM : Atlantia May Sell Its 14.5% Stake in Hochtief: MF
- 22UA GY : BioNTech Rises as Pfizer Flu Study Offers Validation Opportunity
- ALCAR FP : Carmat Expects to Resume Heart Implants in October
- DIS US : Disney Considers Merging Hulu, Disney+ Streaming Services
- EDF FP : France to Cap Price-Hikes in Push to Ease Crisis: Energy Update
- ELIS FP : Elis: Launch of an offering of OCEANE due 22 September 2029
- EL FP : EssilorLuxottica Sees Revenue at EU27b-EU28b in 2026
- EL FP : EssilorLuxottica Focuses on Smart Glasses as Metaverse Booms
- HMB SS : H&M 3Q Sales Misses Estimates
- HLAG GY : Hapag-Lloyd Buys Minority Stake in Italy-Based Spinelli Group
- HOT GY : Atlantia May Sell Its 14.5% Stake in Hochtief: MF
- INTER NA : CSC and Intertrust Get Regulatory Clearance in Ireland
- MWTR NO : Meltwater Reports Review of Options, Reiterates 3Q, FY Guidance
- MRNA US : Moderna Stock Jumps on Report It’s Open to Supplying China Shots
- NOVN SW : Novartis: Regulator Starts Investigation Into Dermatology Patent
- POXEL FP : Poxel Treatment Granted Orphan Drug Status by FDA
- PUB FP : Publicis Groupe ‘Renews Mandates’ of CEO & CFO for Four Years
- ROTH FP : Rothschild & Co. Names Marc-Olivier Laurent as Spvy Board Chair
- STLA IM : Stellantis May Make Its Own Energy as Europe Braces for ‘Chaos’
- SWMA SS : Hedge Funds Swoop In on Swedish Match, Piling Pressure on PMI
- TEF SM : Virgin Media O2 Offers Pay Rise to About 8,000 Staff, CWU Says
- TKA GY ; Thyssenkrupp, CPSC Settle Suit Over Residential Elevators
- TTE FP : TotalEnergies Seeks 2GW Offshore Wind Project in Poland: PAP
- VIG AV : Hartwig LöGer Proposed as CEO of Vienna Insurance Group
- VIMIAN SS : Vimian Offering of 51.7m Shares Prices at SEK29/Share

>>> Europe : Brokers Upgrades & Downgrades - 15th of September 2

>>> Up
* Bankinter Raised to Equal-Weight at Morgan Stanley
* BT Raised to Buy at HSBC; PT 185 pence
* GSK Raised to Neutral at Credit Suisse; PT 1,430 pence
* Hilton Worldwide Raised to Buy at Berenberg; PT $152
* Hyatt Raised to Buy at Berenberg; PT $105
* ING Raised to Overweight at Morgan Stanley
* Kone Raised to Overweight at Morgan Stanley; PT 52 euros
* Lundbeck Raised to Neutral at Credit Suisse; PT 31 kroner
* Marimekko Raised to Accumulate at Inderes; PT 11 euros
* Marriott Intl Raised to Buy at Berenberg; PT $185
* *NOKIA RAISED TO OUTPERFORM VS NEUTRAL AT CREDIT SUISSE
* Roche Raised to Outperform at Credit Suisse; PT 375 Swiss francs
* Snam Raised to Buy at SocGen; PT 5.50 euros
* Tate & Lyle Raised to Buy at Citi; PT 850 pence
* Terna Raised to Buy at SocGen; PT 8.10 euros
* Tesla Raised to Hold at Needham

>>> Down
* Admicom Cut to Hold at Nordea
* AstraZeneca Cut to Neutral at Credit Suisse; PT 11,000 pence
* BNP Paribas Cut to Equal-Weight at Morgan Stanley
* Ericsson Cut to Underperform at Credit Suisse; PT 69 kronor
* JDE Peet's Cut to Underweight at JPMorgan; PT 29 euros
* Johnson Service Cut to Hold at HSBC; PT 97 pence
* Novartis Cut to Underperform at Credit Suisse
* Schindler Cut to Equal-Weight at Morgan Stanley
* Talgo Cut to Hold at Mirabaud Securities; PT 3.15 euros
* Telecom Italia Cut to Hold at HSBC; PT 20 euro cents
* UCB Cut to Underperform at Credit Suisse; PT 68 euros

>>> Initiation
* BenevolentAI Rated New Neutral at JPMorgan; PT 5.10 euros
* Currys Rated New Hold at Berenberg; PT 70 pence
* D'Ieteren Rated New Buy at Jefferies; PT 210 euros
* Karnov Group Rated New Buy at SEB Equities; PT 68 kronor
* SwedenCare Rated New Hold at Handelsbanken
* Technoprobe Rated New Hold at Berenberg; PT 7.90 euros

>>> Call
* Citi Strategists Say Growth Stocks Look Expensive as Yields Rise
* Kone Raised, Schindler Cut as MS Switches Elevator Preferences
* Tate & Lyle Raised to Buy at Citi on Undemanding Valuation

FT : Bridgewater unit ramped up bets on China Gold ETFs in Q2

Bridgewater unit ramped up bets on China Gold ETFs in Q2
The US hedge fund’s Chinese subsidiary moved into the top 10 shareholders for three vehicles, interim reports reveal

US hedge fund Bridgewater Associates’ China private fund unit added exposure to the three largest onshore gold exchange traded funds in the second quarter as those ETFs outperformed other risk assets.

All three All Weather China funds managed by Shanghai-based Bridgewater (China) Investment Management moved up among the top 10 shareholders into the three China gold ETFs for the first time during the quarter that ended in June, according to the funds’ interim reports.

Bridgewater’s holdings in the HuaAn Yifu Gold ETF, Bosera Gold ETF and E Fund Gold ETF totalled 214mn shares as of June 30 and were worth Rmb813.6mn ($121.5mn) in market value.

The move marks the first time Bridgewater’s private securities funds, as hedge funds are known are in China, appeared as major holders of China’s public funds.

It also came as onshore gold ETFs enjoyed a buoyant first half of the year as the Russian invasion of Ukraine and a downturn in Chinese stock markets pushed investors towards the gold market. Twelve of China’s 16 existing gold ETFs made positive returns in the first six months of the year, ranging from 3.75 per cent to 4.49 per cent, according to Wind Info.

The HuaAn Yifu Gold ETF, China’s largest, received the most subscriptions from the three China-domiciled All Weather strategies by Bridgewater between April and June. As of June 30, the three funds held a combined 4.08 per cent stake worth Rmb408.6bn.

The increased exposure left Bridgewater’s three onshore Chinese funds as the ETF’s second, seventh and 10th largest shareholders.

The same three Bridgewater funds also held a combined 3.84 per cent stake, of the Bosera Gold ETF as of end-June, according to its interim report and a combined 3.96 per cent share, of the E Fund Gold ETF.

The funds’ holdings in the Bosera and E Fund ETFs — the second and third largest gold ETFs in China — were worth Rmb246.5bn and Rmb158.5bn in market cap as at end-June respectively.

Bridgewater’s wholly owned hedge fund unit in China launched its first onshore All Weather fund in October 2018, before debuting two more in September 2020 and November last year, respectively, public records reveal. It has also launched over 50 feeder trusts since the unit’s establishment in June 2018.

The All Weather strategies have been well received by Chinese investors, so much so that Bridgewater’s China unit has had to register “All Weather” trademarks in English and Chinese over the past several months as it seeks to combat copycats.

China now has 37 registered wholly foreign-owned private securities fund houses, with the latest entrant being AXA Investment Managers, which secured its onshore licence in May. Together they managed Rmb58.5bn in assets via 184 products as of early June.

FT : Behind Lars Windhorst’s scramble to repay H2O

Behind Lars Windhorst’s scramble to repay H2O
Controversial financier has pledged to find half a billion euros in ‘weeks’

Lars Windhorst, the fast-living German financier, failed to appear in a London courtroom in June to respond to one of several lawsuits filed against him by aggrieved creditors.

“This is not good enough by Mr Windhorst!” complained the judge, Jervis Kay.

When Windhorst’s barrister explained that the 45-year-old, who spends much of his time on a private jet, was “not in the UK at the moment”, the judge warned that her client risked being held in contempt of court.

“You and Mr Windhorst are both living on borrowed time,” he added.

It was a stern rebuke from a judge. But for Windhorst the €65mn claim from Norwegian shipping magnate Kristian Siem was barely a rounding error in the sum of his unpaid debts.

Months earlier, his investment firm Tennor had missed a deadline to repay more than €1bn to H2O Asset Management, which ran into trouble after pouring ordinary savers’ money into Windhorst’s ventures, ranging from a film distribution company to a lingerie maker.

Having once overseen €30bn of assets, H2O slid into crisis in 2019 after the Financial Times exposed the scale of its outsized bet on Windhorst. Investors’ money is still trapped in the so-called “side pockets” H2O set up to isolate €1.6bn of these hard-to-sell assets.

After years of waiting for repayment, last month Windhorst pledged he would hand over more than half a billion euros to H2O “in the coming weeks”.

Windhorst does have a habit of escaping precarious situations. In his 30s, he avoided prison after receiving a suspended sentence in a high-profile criminal case and also survived a plane crash that claimed the life of one of the pilots.

Still, the current challenge is formidable. Tennor’s finances have been in disarray for years. Windhorst’s investment firm was briefly declared insolvent by a Dutch court last year and it has not filed audited accounts since 2018. Even that year’s financial statements are now in doubt: Tennor told its auditor in February that a material error meant they could “no longer be relied upon”.

Tennor told the FT that it “stands behind all of its financial accounting” and the correction in the 2018 accounts was related to the timing of a writedown.

Even if his €550mn payment to H2O arrives as promised, it would still only cover a third of investors’ savings trapped in the asset manager’s funds. Windhorst also stands to gain from the arrangement, because H2O is allowing him to settle much of his debt at a deep discount.

And after the financier’s previous repeated failures to repay H2O to schedule, many investors have lost patience.

Collectif Porteurs H2O, a group of disgruntled investors that includes insurance companies and wealthy individuals, is pursuing legal action.

The group’s legal representative Dominique Stucki described H2O’s relationship with Windhorst as “extraordinarily peculiar and unprofessional”.

“There is still no indication of how [H2O’s founders] Bruno Crastes and Vincent Chailley have ever tried to compel Lars Windhorst to pay what he owes to the funds,” the lawyer told the FT.

H2O declined to comment.

The talented Mr Windhorst
Crastes, the Frenchman who heads H2O Asset Management, once had a close bond with Windhorst.

The pair would discuss deals while dining together at private members’ clubs or aboard the financier’s 240ft-long superyacht. And after the FT first highlighted their close relationship in 2019, Crastes leapt to Windhorst’s defence, publicly praising him as “extremely talented”.

Even as rattled investors yanked €8bn from H2O’s funds in the wake of the FT’s report, Crastes and Chailley dove deeper into Windhorst’s world.

In 2019, H2O carried out big bond trades with a Windhorst-linked broker, in which the German financier himself was the ultimate counterparty. Tennor also quietly poured more than €100mn into a mysterious new fund that the asset manager christened “H2O Deep Value”, corporate filings show.

But after French regulators stepped in two years ago, H2O changed tack. The asset manager cut Windhorst’s direct line to its 57-year-old chief executive, according to people familiar with the discussions. The financier now deals with Crastes’s subordinates and the firm’s external advisers during restructuring negotiations.

H2O told the FT it had “reallocated resources” to allow “portfolio managers, including Bruno Crastes and Vincent Chailley, to focus on managing the funds [and] strategies and a separate dedicated team to work with our financial and legal advisers on the [side pocket] liquidation”.

Bringing in professional advisers has done little to salvage H2O’s Windhorst-related investments, however.

With the financier mired in fresh claims from creditors, the asset manager wrote down the value of the side pockets from €1.6bn to €1bn at the end of last year.

A few weeks later, Windhorst missed a deadline to repay €1.1bn to H2O. Instead, in lieu of any cash, he gave H2O just $106mn worth of convertible bonds linked to Israeli technology company Gett in January.

The taxi app start-up was then poised to go public at a $1bn valuation. But the planned listing fell apart shortly afterwards — because of Gett’s extensive exposure to Russia — and the company is now undergoing a debt-for-equity swap, crushing the value of the securities Windhorst handed to H2O.

The asset manager told the FT that its holding of the Gett-linked bonds is “currently valued at zero”.

Windhorst has remained tight-lipped on the specifics of how he has since supposedly cobbled together enough money to repay half a billion euros to H2O, beyond telling the FT that Tennor’s “diverse set of businesses across sectors and geographies have performed strongly in the first half 2022”. But he has spent much of the year travelling to Africa, striking new deals and reviving old interests on the continent.

In April, Windhorst’s long-struggling Sequa Petroleum acquired an interest in some Angolan offshore oilfields, through a new joint venture with Namibia’s national oil company (Namcor) and Nigerian entrepreneur Vincent Ebuh’s Petrolog Group.

Windhorst also recently took back control of African farming company Amatheon Agri, filings show, having previously disposed of his majority stake in the group that has operations in Zambia, Uganda and Zimbabwe.

Financial entanglements
Despite struggling to recover money from Windhorst, H2O has proved reluctant to launch litigation against him, in stark contrast with a growing number of other creditors.

Shipping magnate Siem, Manfredi Lefebvre d’Ovidio and Andreas Heeschen — three European entrepreneurs who have previously done deals with Windhorst — have all sued him personally in London’s High Court. In July, Abu Dhabi brokerage ADS Securities also filed a fresh claim in London against Tennor.

H2O has also had its own financial entanglements with several of these parties now suing Windhorst.

The asset manager’s side pockets include $64mn of bonds from ADS Securities, which alleges Windhorst failed to honour an agreement to hand over €27mn and shares in a US tech company last year.

H2O also previously invested in bonds from Ignition Investments, an entity linked to Heeschen, who was formerly the majority shareholder of German gunmaker Heckler & Koch. In his lawsuit, the 61-year-old businessman alleges that proceeds from Ignition funded a €33.6mn personal loan he made to Windhorst that has not been repaid.

In the case of shipping magnate Siem, H2O not only previously held bonds in one of his eponymous companies, but also allegedly agreed to engage in trades with him on Windhorst-related bonds.

In Siem’s €65mn claim against Windhorst, he alleged H2O agreed to buy €10mn of Tennor bonds from him in July 2019, offering to pay above face value for the securities. This is despite the fact that H2O had just written down the same bonds held in its own funds to just 23 cents on the euro days earlier, blaming a “market commotion” sparked by “deeply unfair” press reports.

The Norwegian businessman alleges H2O then “failed to purchase the Tennor bonds”, defaulting on the agreement, which Windhorst had agreed to backstop. H2O declined to comment on the allegations.

Tennor said it expects to settle with ADS “very soon”, but that Heeschen’s lawsuit is “without merit” and will be defended “vigorously”.

While the rush of lawsuits have further complicated efforts to repay H2O, there are signs the financier is close to reaching a detente with at least some of these other aggrieved creditors.

Heritage Travel and Tourism, a Bahamian investment vehicle linked to d’Ovidio, a Monegasque billionaire cruise magnate, won a €172mn judgment against Windhorst in London’s High Court last year.

A representative for Heritage told the FT it is “presently involved in what it considers to be very positive discussions with Mr Windhorst and Tennor Group, aimed at finding a way forward for the companies on which we share interest”.

And on Wednesday, Windhorst’s rescheduled questioning hearing in the Siem case was vacated at the last minute, sparing the financier from another court appearance.

FT : Axel Springer boss used Bild tabloid to campaign against Adidas

Axel Springer boss used Bild tabloid to campaign against Adidas
Döpfner orchestrated stories against company for pausing rents without disclosing he was landlord

Axel Springer’s chief executive used his best-selling tabloid to campaign against Adidas’s decision to stop paying rent during the pandemic, without disclosing that he was the company’s landlord.

Mathias Döpfner, who has a 22 per cent stake in Springer worth more than €1bn, has become one of the world’s most powerful publishers, acquiring US media such as Politico and Business Insider as he tries to build “the leading digital media company of the democratic world”.

In March and April 2020, Springer’s flagship tabloid Bild published more than 20 articles chiding Adidas for a planned rent freeze during the first lockdown. Other retailers with similar policies including H&M, Ceconomy, Deichmann and Puma received significantly less attention. The coverage triggered a national outcry that culminated in one MP burning an Adidas shirt and posting a clip on social media.

During its campaign, Bild did not disclose that its group CEO was an affected landlord of Adidas and the source of the initial story. Land registry data reviewed by the FT shows that Döpfner is the co-owner of a period building on Münzstrasse in the historic centre of Berlin in which Adidas rented a store that operated over two floors.

When Döpfner was informed about Adidas’s decision to freeze rent payments, he was furious, according to people familiar with the matter. He contacted Bild editor Julian Reichelt and suggested that the paper should orchestrate a public outcry on the grounds that Adidas was a highly profitable company and the non-payment violated the basic principles of free economies.

Hours later, Bild broke the news about Adidas’ rent freeze. In its first article, it predicted that the move would “cause a big stir”. Over the subsequent days, the paper carried a series of articles accusing the sportswear brand of “breaking a taboo”, behaving “ruthlessly” and betraying the heritage of its legendary founder Adi Dassler.

In news and opinion articles over the following days, Adidas chief executive Kasper Rørsted was cast as a greedy capitalist who lacked character and undermined the fundamental principles of trust.

The Bild campaign plunged Adidas into a PR crisis, as customers and politicians threatened a boycott and German labour minister Hubertus Heil suggested that Adidas could be sued. Florian Post, then an MP for the Social Democrats, even burnt an Adidas shirt and posted the video on Twitter, saying that “I won't wear Adidas kit again and want to make a point.”

At the time, two out of three Adidas shops globally were closed in lockdowns, with sales and profits falling sharply. Adidas suspended its share buyback programme and its dividend, and later asked for a €3bn government-backed emergency loan.

As the furore continued, Adidas eventually backtracked, buying full-page adverts in German newspapers, including Bild, to apologise for its “mistake”.

Springer’s code of conduct, updated last year, stipulates that “journalistic publications should not be influenced by the personal or business interests of third parties, commercial interests of the company itself outside of the journalistic business or the personal financial interests of the editors themselves”. The guidelines also state that journalists “shall not use their reporting to obtain benefits for themselves or others”. 

In a statement to the FT, Axel Springer denied that there had been a potential conflict of interest, calling the notion “absurd”. The publisher said that Döpfner passed on the information to Bild as he “immediately knew this was a matter of overriding public interest” which should be exposed.

“This is the job of a publisher. From today’s perspective he would and will exactly do the same,” the company said, adding that there was no expectation that Adidas would revoke its decision.

The publisher stated that Döpfner “of course” disclosed his personal interest to Julian Reichelt, Bild’s then editor-in-chief, but added it would have been “absolutely not reasonable to disclose the source” in print. Moreover, it argued that the reporting “was not about one single outlet in Berlin” but potentially affected thousands of Adidas stores globally.

“The story . . . was a mega scoop for Bild and was picked up by many other journalists internationally, including the FT,” said Axel Springer, adding that Döpfner “acted completely in line with our guidelines”. The company described him as “a CEO who understands journalism” and frequently shared tips with editorial staff. “It is not him to decide if and how this information gets covered or not; the newsrooms decide and act entirely independently.”

Reichelt said: “As a matter of principle I do not discuss or confirm sources, not even sources that may or may not self-identify. As an editor, it was
my decision to run the story.”

Döpfner this year resigned as the president of Germany’s publishing association after facing questions over his handling of a compliance investigation into alleged power abuse by Reichelt, who was fired in October denying any wrongdoing.

Adidas declined to comment.

WSJ : Patagonia Founder Is Giving His Company Away in Pledge to Fight Climate Ch

Patagonia Founder Is Giving His Company Away in Pledge to Fight Climate Change
Yvon Chouinard says nearly 50-year-old outdoor clothing brand will be owned by trust and nonprofit, rather than sell or go public


Patagonia founder Yvon Chouinard is giving away the multibillion-dollar outdoor apparel business he founded nearly 50 years ago, with a goal of helping to tackle climate change.

Mr. Chouinard and his family have transferred their ownership of Patagonia to a trust and a nonprofit organization as opposed to taking the privately held company public or selling it, the 83-year-old founder said in a letter Wednesday, titled “Earth is now our only shareholder.”

“It’s been nearly 50 years since we began our experiment in responsible business, and we are just getting started,” said Mr. Chouinard, a world-class mountain climber who started importing rugby shirts and other apparel in the 1970s for his friends to wear. “If we have any hope of a thriving planet—much less a thriving business—50 years from now, it is going to take all of us doing what we can with the resources we have. This is another way we’ve found to do our part.”

Patagonia, based in Ventura, Calif., didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment.

The company made a name for itself selling fleece jackets, board shorts and plaid shirts. The fleece vests in particular have developed a cult following from people who work in finance, while the company’s environmental- and social-conscious practices have earned dedicated buyers in other consumer spheres. Patagonia had annual revenue of $1 billion from 2017 to 2020.

Patagonia will remain a for-profit business under the new arrangement and will continue to be run by chief executive Ryan Gellert, Mr. Chouinard said. The company will also continue donating 1% of its sales to environmental nonprofit groups, he said.

The trust, called the Patagonia Purpose Trust, owns 2% of the company and all of the voting stock. It will be tasked with protecting Patagonia’s existing values and independence, Mr. Chouinard said. The nonprofit organization, called the Holdfast Collective, owns 98% of the company and all the nonvoting stock, which doesn’t give it decision-making authority. It will be charged with taking the profits generated by Patagonia and using those funds to address climate change.

Patagonia said in a statement that it expects to pay out roughly $100 million a year to Holdfast Collective, depending on the health of the business.

Stacy Palmer, who has been editor of the Chronicle of Philanthropy since it was founded in 1988, said it was the first she has heard of an arrangement such as this.

“As far as I know, this is extraordinarily different than what others have done because of Patagonia’s size and profitability,” Ms. Palmer said.

She noted that Holdfast Collective is a 501(c)(4) not-for-profit organization, which allows it to use the money to advocate for causes and political candidates, not just to give to charities.

“This means that the money is intended to shape policy and politics, more than, say, supporting a charity that does river cleanup,” Ms. Palmer said. “That’s a lot of money pouring into advocacy and could be very powerful.”

Mr. Chouinard has said that he approaches leading his company as a sort of a road map for aspiring business owners.

“I never even wanted to be in business,” he said in a 2012 interview with The Wall Street Journal. “But I hang onto Patagonia because it’s my resource to do something good. It’s a way to demonstrate that corporations can lead examined lives.”

The Chouinard family will oversee leadership of the Patagonia Purpose Trust and will spearhead the philanthropic work of the Holdfast Collective. The family will also remain member of Patagonia’s board of directors.

WSJ : Disney’s Chapek Hints at All-in-One Streaming App Once Hulu Secured

Disney’s Chapek Hints at All-in-One Streaming App Once Hulu Secured
Speaking at an investor conference, the company’s CEO touts potential to make Disney+ a broader platform tied to theme parks

Walt Disney Co. DIS 0.66% Chief Executive Bob Chapek said the company could eventually group all its streaming products under its flagship Disney+ app, and could tie that service more closely to its theme-parks business.

Speaking Wednesday at a Goldman Sachs investor conference, Mr. Chapek said that “there’s a little bit of consumer friction” for streaming customers who want to shift between Disney’s family-focused and franchise content in Disney+—home to its Marvel superhero, Pixar and Star Wars movies and series—and the general entertainment content of Hulu or sports-focused content on the ESPN+ app.

Viewers must toggle between different apps on their smartphones, televisions and other devices to watch content on each service. Placing all three services under one umbrella in a single app would reduce that friction, the Disney executive said. The company has already experimented with such a model in Europe, where the Star streaming brand, which includes many shows that also air on Hulu, is already part of Disney+.

Mr. Chapek referred to this sort of packaging, in a single app, as a “hard bundle,” as opposed to the softer bundles it already offers in the U.S., where consumers get a price discount for signing up for several services but they remain on separate apps.

In order to integrate Hulu into an all-in-one app, Disney must take full ownership of that service, which is now one-third owned by Comcast Corp.’s NBCUniversal, Mr. Chapek said. Under a 2019 agreement, Disney had the right to force a sale of Comcast’s stake at fair-market value, starting in 2024, with a floor valuation of $27.5 billion for the whole service. Comcast can require Disney to purchase its stake.

Other media companies are moving to simplify their offerings. Warner Bros. Discovery Inc. has said it would combine its Discovery+ service with HBO Max. Paramount Global is considering closing its Showtime streaming service and merging its content into Paramount+, The Wall Street Journal reported this week.

Last month the activist investor Daniel Loeb announced that his hedge fund, Third Point LLC, had renewed its stake in Disney. In a letter to Mr. Chapek, he pushed for a menu of changes at the company, including that it negotiate to buy out Comcast’s share of Hulu sooner than the 2024 deadline, even if it means paying a small premium.

“I do believe that we’d have to have full ownership of Hulu to integrate it into Disney Plus,” Mr. Chapek said. “We would love to get to the endpoint earlier.”

One big challenge is for Disney and Comcast to agree on Hulu’s fair valuation. In remarks at the same conference, Comcast Chief Executive Brian Roberts talked up Hulu, saying its value should be based on what bidders would be willing to pay for the company if it was auctioned. He said Comcast would be among the interested parties in that hypothetical scenario.

“I believe if it was put up for sale, Comcast would be interested. So would a lot of other tech and media companies,” Mr. Roberts said. “I think it’s got tremendous value, and, you know, I’m sure others share that belief.”

Mr. Chapek also said Disney is seeking to further unify its parks business and its media and entertainment content business by using data on consumer behavior gleaned from the company’s apps. Part of the idea, he said, is that what people do at theme parks will influence what is presented to them on Disney+, and the company could feed parkgoers information that influences their experience based on what they watch on Disney+.

Under such a plan, Mr. Chapek said, Disney+ will become “a platform for consumer engagement” for the entire Walt Disney company, rather than just a streaming-video service.

“You add in things like the membership platform, you have to step back and look at this as Disney is a lifestyle, it’s a lifestyle brand,” he said. “And it’s not just a bunch of small businesses put together that sort of de facto create a lifestyle, but we need to embrace that.”

The Journal reported recently that Disney is exploring ways to harness its consumer data and build a membership program akin to Amazon Prime.

Mr. Chapek, who has led Disney for almost three years, also said that ESPN is a key part of Disney’s long-term strategy and that the company doesn’t intend to sell it—a suggestion that Mr. Loeb had initially made in his letter. Mr. Loeb backed off on that request through statements on Twitter on Sunday.