FT : Ineos owner Jim Ratcliffe accuses UK regulator of being ‘hostile to busines

Ineos owner Jim Ratcliffe accuses UK regulator of being ‘hostile to business’
The businessman is the latest to criticise what some executives view as an increasingly aggressive stance by the CMA

Sir Jim Ratcliffe, the owner of chemicals giant Ineos, has accused Britain’s competition regulator of becoming “increasingly hostile to business” after it blocked its purchase of assets being sold by a Swiss group.

Ratcliffe said the decision by the Competition and Markets Authority to block the deal with Switzerland’s Sika earlier this year was “yet another example of a deal being stopped that would benefit the UK”.

“Add to this, the ridiculous North Sea windfall tax and continuing high energy costs and we are seeing a government that is driving business out of the UK,” he said on Tuesday.

Ratcliffe, one of the UK’s richest men who is also in the race to buy Manchester United football club, is the latest to criticise what some executives view as an increasingly aggressive stance by the CMA. Activision Blizzard, the video games maker, branded Britain as “closed for business” earlier this year after the regulator blocked its acquisition by Microsoft.

The CMA has been approached for comment.

Ineos agreed in January to purchase Sika’s concrete additives business which had sales of $1bn. The Swiss speciality chemicals group was selling the assets to mollify CMA concerns stemming from its SFr5.5bn ($6.1bn) acquisition of MBCC Group, a supplier of construction chemicals, in November 2021.

Sika said in March that it had agreed with Ineos to scrap the deal after receiving “provisional negative feedback” from the CMA due to competition concerns. Private equity firm Cinven acquired the assets instead.

Ratcliffe said the CMA was “building a reputation as an overly aggressive regulator with little regard for the impact of its decisions on UK business”.

He added: “Its attitude is mirrored in the lack of government support for manufacturing; whether in reviews such as this, or in our uncompetitive approach to energy policy.”

Ratcliffe’s damning verdict of the CMA is the latest in a series of scathing attacks on the UK government and the state of manufacturing. He singled out the decision to raise the tax on North Sea oil and gas producers in an interview with the Financial Times in May, accusing the government of playing “primitive politics”.

One of Britain’s most successful postwar industrialists, Ratcliffe founded Ineos in 1998 with Andy Currie and John Reece. In the first 10 years, the company made more than 20 acquisitions, snapping up unloved commodity businesses from the likes of ICI, BP and BASF as these giants restructured.

Today the group’s activities span oil and gas fields, refineries and chemical works. Ratcliffe’s business empire includes several consumer brands and sports interests including football club OGC Nice, a stake in the Mercedes-AMG Petronas Formula One racing team and the off-road Grenadier 4x4 vehicle.

Ratcliffe, who is the majority owner of Ineos, has also bid to acquire Manchester United, one of the world’s most famous football clubs, from its American owners. The FT has previously reported that the Ineos proposal was to acquire control of United from the Glazers but without extending an offer to minority shareholders of the New York-listed club.

However, the structure of Ratcliffe’s proposal has drawn concern from the club’s board and minority shareholders, according to people with knowledge of the matter. Sheikh Jassim bin Hamad al-Thani, the son of one of Qatar’s richest men, has proposed a full takeover and sweetened his offer in early June but the process has dragged on since the Glazers first said last November that they would consider a sale.

A deal would be Ratcliffe’s highest-profile acquisition in sports, adding to a collection of assets that includes a high-profile cycling team, French football club Nice and a third of the Mercedes F1 racing outfit. He previously failed in attempts to acquire Chelsea FC.

FT : Billionaires Daniel Kretinsky and Xavier Niel compete for control of Casino

Billionaires Daniel Kretinsky and Xavier Niel compete for control of Casino
Two competing groups offer cash injections as French supermarket races to restructure debts

Heavily indebted French supermarket chain Casino has received two offers of a cash injection from groups led by prominent billionaires.

The competing proposals are part of Casino’s voluntary negotiation with creditors to restructure its debt and bring in new money in a bid to save the group now controlled by businessman Jean-Charles Naouri.

The proposal led by Czech billionaire Daniel Kretinsky and joined by French entrepreneur Marc Ladreit de Lacharrière included €1.35bn in cash, which together with debt converted into equity would deliver a total injection of €1.8bn, according to a person familiar with the matter. The group had previously offered €1.1bn.

The consortium’s bid is vying with that from a trio of prominent French businessmen, including telecoms tycoon Xavier Niel and retail entrepreneur Moez-Alexandre Zouari. In a statement on Tuesday, the group said it had offered to inject €900mn of cash into the group. That sum will be joined by contributions from others, such as €100mn from French supermarket group Intermarché and €600mn from unsecured creditors, according to a second person familiar with the matter.

Casino, which owns the Franprix and Monoprix chains, is racing to conclude an agreement with its creditors by the middle of the month to stave off the risk of default. The company is battling high debts, a rapid cash burn and falling revenues in its domestic market.

Naouri’s debt woes stretch back years. In 2019, he was forced to put Casino’s parent companies, through which he holds his 52 per cent stake in the supermarket group, into a type of bankruptcy process known as a procédure de sauvegarde. Casino is trying to avoid a similar fate.

However, the current restructuring process will spell the end of Naouri’s control of Casino, which he built through years of debt-fuelled empire building that took the business to Latin America and pushed into industries including solar panels.

Naouri and Casino have been shedding assets for years to pay down debt, but it has not been enough to offset its loss of market share in France.

Casino’s unsecured bonds are trading at a little over 5 cents on the euro, suggesting bondholders are braced for a near total wipeout in a restructuring. 

The French government has been monitoring the situation closely given the potential fallout for Casino’s roughly 50,000 employees in the country, where it is the sixth-biggest food retailer by market share. A finance ministry committee known as CIRI that helps distressed companies has been taking part in talks over Casino’s negotiations with creditors.

FT : Accor: post-Covid uplift gives Ibis a chance to soar

Accor: post-Covid uplift gives Ibis a chance to soar
Hotel group is a cheap way for investors to join in the post-pandemic tourism festival

Hotel groups are in a buoyant mood as tourism continues to bounce back from the pandemic. Their bullishness is apparent in expansion plans published by Accor recently.

The Paris-listed owner of the affordable Novotel and Ibis brands intends to open more than 1,200 hotels over five years. People are keen to travel despite the current high cost of living. Accor’s shares have rallied more than 40 per cent so far this year.

Accor already has nearly 5,500 hotels. The majority are owned by someone else. Accor manages them for a fee or owners pay to operate within the franchise. Normally half of Accor’s growth comes from switching hotels to its brands rather than from new builds.

Larger British rival InterContinental Hotels Group, an earlier convert to the same “asset light” model, plans to add 1,900 hotels to its stable of more than 6,000 premises. Smaller groups such as Spain’s Melia hotels have announced their own modest growth plans.

But has the industry drunk too much of its own punch?

The evidence suggests not. Global industry revenue per available room — a key measure of demand — recovered last year to $73.9, from $50.7 in 2021, according to consultancy STR. However, revpar remains below the 2019 level of $79.7.

That points to headroom for rises if left-field events such as wars or financial shocks do not spoil the party.

Accor recently set an ebitda target of €920mn to €960mn for 2023, compared with €675mn last year. Visible Alpha consensus previously pointed to 2023 ebitda of €933.7mn.

The company’s shares have had a good run lately after a bumpy 10 years. Accor’s strategy has caused frustration with investors, although it is now a slicker business than when chief executive Sébastien Bazin checked in.

Accor trades at a discount to rivals. Its forward enterprise value to ebitda multiple of 10.7 times remains behind a pre-Covid average of 11.6 times, according to Barclays. Accor looks like a cheap way for investors to join in the post-pandemic tourism festival.

La Lettre A : Avec C8, CNews et même Canal+, Vincent Bolloré engrange les pertes

Avec C8, CNews et même Canal+, Vincent Bolloré engrange les pertes par millions
Un audit confidentiel dévoile les difficultés des chaînes de Vivendi. Le poids de CNews dans le débat public n'a pas été converti en profits, pas plus que l'omniprésence de Cyril Hanouna sur C8. Même Canal + accuse des pertes en France.

Corsaire d'industrie, en croisade au nom d'une certaine vision du monde occidental, Vincent Bolloré, qui a récemment cédé ses ports africains et ses activités de logistique, bénéficie d'une réputation d'implacable gestionnaire. Or, le milliardaire breton cumule les pertes, en France, dans les médias qu'il contrôle avec Vivendi. Et veille à ne pas le faire savoir. Impulsé au niveau groupe par les instances représentatives du personnel, un audit comptable du cabinet Sextant, que s'est procuré La Lettre A, dévoile des chiffres jusqu'alors inédits. Remis début juin aux représentants du personnel et à la direction, son diagnostic sur la situation économique et les perspectives du groupe montre que les résultats financiers de chaînes de télévision contrôlées par Vivendi sont tous déficitaires dans l'Hexagone, à l'exception de CStar, qui affiche un résultat positif de 2 millions d'euros en 2022.


Si la donne n'est pas nouvelle pour CNews et C8, qui n'ont jamais cessé de plomber les comptes de leur maison mère, les pertes de Canal + sur le territoire métropolitain ont, jusqu'ici, été occultées. Ce piètre bilan pour les chaînes de télévision du groupe en France pourrait s'inviter à l'ordre du jour du comité de groupe de Vivendi, ce mercredi 5 juillet.

CNews plafonne dans la zone rouge
L'identité politique de CNews, qui a servi de rampe de lancement à Eric Zemmour lors de l'élection présidentielle, est loin d'être un succès commercial. La chaîne d'information continue n'a jamais rapporté le moindre centime à Vincent Bolloré.

L'année 2022 devait être celle de son premier passage à l'équilibre. Or, selon nos informations, Serge Nedjar, le directeur général de CNews, a enregistré un nouveau déficit : 4 millions d'euros. Ces résultats, auxquels le cabinet Sextant a pu accéder en consultant les comptes du groupe, devraient se dégrader en 2023, compte tenu de la baisse générale du budget des annonceurs.

Si CNews, malgré l'audience de Pascal Praud, Sonia Mabrouk, Laurence Ferrari, Dimitri Pavlenko et Jean-Marc Morandini, peine à sortir de la zone rouge, c'est parce que la croissance de son chiffre d'affaires reste insuffisante pour couvrir les investissements de Vivendi. Alors que ses charges de production ont augmenté de 17% depuis 2020, passant de 24,4 à 28,5 millions d'euros en 2022, la chaîne ne voit ses audiences progresser que de manière "relativement limitée" par rapport à ses concurrents directs. En 2022, la chaîne n'a gagné que 0,1% de part d'audience pour se hisser à 2,1%, tandis que BFM TV et LCI en ont respectivement grapillé 0,4% et 0,6%, pour atteindre 3,3% et 1,7%. A croire que, pour Vincent Bolloré, l'intérêt de contrôler cette chaîne ne réside pas dans sa profitabilité, mais uniquement dans son influence sur le débat public.

Interrogations sur les perspectives de C8
Les comptes de C8, chaîne de divertissement dirigée par Franck Appietto, ne sont pas plus reluisants. L'audit comptable montre que ce canal de TNT généraliste a réalisé une perte d'exploitation de 23 millions d'euros en 2022. A la différence de Rupert Murdoch, de Francis Bouygues au cours des grandes années TF1, ou de Nicolas de Tavernost, Vincent Bolloré n'a pas encore trouvé la martingale. Selon nos calculs, C8 a même perdu plus de 650 millions d'euros depuis 2005. Un record depuis le lancement de la TNT il y a 18 ans.

En outre, même si les pertes de la chaîne se réduisent au fil des années, ses perspectives de rebond ne se rapprochent pas pour autant. C8 travaille en effet sur la réduction du coût de ses programmes afin de se rapprocher de l'équilibre. Les coupes ont été sévères : cette enveloppe est passée de 137 millions en 2017 à 82 millions d'euros en 2022. Mais le chiffre d'affaires a baissé en conséquence. Or, cette stratégie malthusienne commence à atteindre ses limites, de l'aveu même de sa direction, rapporté par les experts-comptables du cabinet Sextant.

Le cas Hanouna
Sans aborder directement la question, l'audit permet de mieux comprendre la situation singulière de Cyril Hanouna au sein de C8, qui semble parfois codiriger la chaîne et inspirer les choix des Bolloré. Sur l'ensemble des investissements de C8 dans les programmes, selon les informations du Parisien, 35 millions d'euros reviennent chaque année à la société de productions H2O, que dirige l'animateur et producteur de "Touche pas à mon poste" (TPMP), et dont l'actionnaire est Stéphane Courbit. Jamais une chaîne n'a été aussi dépendante d'un seul homme. Même si les annonceurs continuent à soutenir ces programmes clivants, C8 se trouve dans une situation de dépendance extrême à son prestataire.

Selon nos calculs, l'animateur a également coûté 6,89 millions d'euros à la chaîne depuis 2017, en raison des sanctions infligées par l'Arcom (ex-CSA) pour huit de ses innombrables dérapages dans TPMP. En outre, la ministre de la culture Rima Abdul-Malak a clairement fait savoir qu'une chaîne qui ne respectait pas ses obligations pourrait être privée de sa fréquence, dans la perspective de la remise en jeu de cette dernière et de celle de CNews devant l'Arcom en 2025. Autrement, dit, la "Hanouna-dépendance" de C8 représente un risque industriel sérieux pour le groupe Vivendi.

Canal + pénalisé par le coût des programmes
A la différence des chaînes gratuites contrôlées par Vivendi, qui cumulent les pertes financières depuis leur création, Canal +, qui est payante, avait, jusqu'alors, toujours montré l'exemple des profits. Ce n'est désormais plus le cas. La chaîne dirigée par Maxime Saada a enregistré en 2022 ses premières pertes en métropole depuis sa prise de contrôle en 2015 par Vincent Bolloré, malgré la légère croissance (+2%) de son chiffre d'affaires.

L'an passé, Canal + a généré une perte de 26 millions d'euros en Ebita, contre des résultats positifs de 3 millions d'euros en 2021 et de 101 millions d'euros en 2020. Ces données, que le groupe n'a jamais divulguées, s'expliquent principalement par la hausse des coûts des contenus diffusés par la chaîne. Pour l'ensemble des droits de diffusions de ses événements sportifs (Ligue 1, Champions League, Top 14, etc.), de ses films et de ses séries, la chaîne a dépensé 2,367 milliards d'euros en 2022, contre 2,191 milliards d'euros en 2021 et 1,997 milliard en 2020. En regard, la nette progression du nombre d'abonnés en 2022 (+ 230 000 sur un total de 5,3 millions) paraît insuffisante pour équilibrer les comptes, si bien que la direction envisage de se passer, lors de la prochaine saison, de matchs de Ligue 1.

Néanmoins, il est à prévoir que le résultat de la chaîne à péage reste négatif en 2023. Selon son budget prévisionnel auquel le cabinet Sextant a eu accès, Canal + devrait accuser une perte de 64 millions cette année. En ajoutant cette somme aux 13 millions d'euros de déficit des télévisions gratuites, la facture n'est pas tout à fait négligeable.

Cette situation dégradée était jusqu'ici passée sous les radars. Et pour cause : Maxime Saada s'efforce de toujours communiquer sur les résultats du groupe en y intégrant ses activités internationales, bien plus rentables. En Pologne, dans le reste de l'Europe centrale, ou encore au Vietnam, la galaxie Bolloré enregistre des résultats positifs. En Afrique, l'activité connaît une croissance à deux chiffres.

Telecom Italia : l'échec du "Netflix européen" rêvé par Vivendi pourrait lui coûter 3 milliards

En 2015, en lançant son assaut sur l'opérateur de télécommunications italien Telecom Italia (TIM), Vincent Bolloré voulait créer, selon ses propres termes, "un Netflix européen" qui serait né du mariage de cette société avec Canal +. Las, huit ans plus tard, le milliardaire breton devrait bientôt quitter l'Italie avec un amer sentiment d'échec.

Dépassé par l'arrivée de son concurrent Xavier Niel, qui a implanté Iliad dans la péninsule en 2018, le géant italien des télécoms court à sa perte : il cumulait, en 2022, 27 milliards d'euros de dettes pour un chiffre d'affaires de 15,8 milliards, et des pertes nettes de 2,92 milliards d'euros.

Sous la pression de la classe politique locale, qui n'a jamais vu d'un bon œil les ambitions transalpines de Vincent Bolloré, la Cassa Depositi e Prestiti (l'équivalent talien de la Caisse des dépôts et consignations) et le fonds activiste américain Elliott Management se sont alliés pour contrôler Telecom Italia afin d'évincer les équipes de Vivendi. Ce plan a d'abord conduit à la mise à l'écart d'Arnaud de Puyfontaine de la présidence du conseil d'administration de l'opérateur le 15 janvier 2023. Il devrait bientôt se traduire par la cession du réseau de téléphonie fixe de TIM. Contre l'avis de Vincent Bolloré, qui en reste le premier actionnaire avec 24% du capital.

Ce projet, jugé nécessaire par le gouvernement italien pour la survie de leur géant des télécoms, intervient alors que les actions du milliardaire breton n'ont jamais été si peu valorisées. Selon nos informations, sa participation estimée à 3,931 milliards d'euros au moment de son acquisition, n'en valait plus que 982 millions d'euros fin mai 2023. Soit une moins-value de l'ordre de 3 milliards d'euros.

>>> Europe : Brokers Upgrades & Downgrades - 4th of July 2023 V3(++)

>>> Up
* Adidas PT Raised to 220 euros from 180 euros at Berenberg
* Castellum Raised to Buy at DNB Markets; PT 125 kronor
* City Pub Raised to Buy at Panmure Gordon; PT 130 pence
* Ebro Foods Raised to Neutral at Alantra Equities; PT 18 euros (++)
* Games Workshop PT Raised to 12,000 pence at Peel Hunt
* Kindred GDRs Raised to Buy at ABG; PT 140 kronor
* Norva24 Group Raised to Buy at Citi; PT 35 kronor
* Saipem Raised to Buy at Redburn; PT 2.57 euros (+)
* Wacker Chemie Raised to Buy at HSBC; PT 155 euros

>>> Down
* AstraZeneca Cut to Hold at Deutsche Bank; PT 11,000 pence
* Dunelm Cut to Underperform at RBC; PT 1,000 pence
* Flow Traders Cut to Accumulate at KBC Securities (++)
* Georg Fischer Cut to Add at Baader Helvea; PT 70 Swiss francs
* Intrum Cut to Hold at Arctic Securities; PT 89 kronor
* Persimmon Cut to Neutral at JPMorgan; PT 1,090 pence
* Siemens Energy Cut to Neutral at Grupo Santander; PT 18 euros (++)
* Strix Cut to Hold at Shore Capital; PT cut to 100p from 115p (++)
* Tobii Cut to Hold at Handelsbanken
* Vetoquinol Cut to Hold at TP ICAP Midcap; PT 98.50 euros (++)
* Virbac Cut to Add at Gilbert Dupont; PT 273 euros (++)

>>> Initiation
* Cornerstone FS Rated New Corporate at Shore Capital (++)
* Fugro Reinstated Outperform at BNPP Exane; PT 18.90 euros
* Knorr-Bremse Re-Initiated Neutral at BNPP Exane; PT 66 euros
* Verallia Resumed Buy at Deutsche Bank; PT 48 euros (+)

>>> Call
* Adidas PT Raised to Street-High at Berenberg on Brand Turnaround
* Citi Strategists Say US Futures Positioning Is Looking Stretched (+)
* Dunelm Will Find Growth Tougher, Cut to Underperform at RBC
* Evonik Falls; Target, Estimates Cut at Jefferies on Weak Demand (++)
* Georg Fischer Falls as Baader Cuts on Macro Headwinds Impact (++)
* Goldman Strategists Say Too Early to Dismiss Risk From Rates (+)
* Monster Agrees to Buy Bang; ‘Strategic Positive’ Says Goldman
* Norva24 Group Raised to Buy at Citi on Attractive Entry Point
* Persimmon Downgraded at JPMorgan as Volume Recovery in Jeopardy
* Sainsbury 1Q ‘Very Strong’ With Positive Grocery Sales: Shore (+)
* Verallia Rises as Deutsche Bank Resumes at a Buy on Exposure (++)
* Virbac Guidance Cut Confirms Market Slowdown, Jefferies Says (+)

>>> Europe : Brokers Upgrades & Downgrades - 4th of July 2023 V2(+)

>>> Up
* Adidas PT Raised to 220 euros from 180 euros at Berenberg
* Castellum Raised to Buy at DNB Markets; PT 125 kronor
* City Pub Raised to Buy at Panmure Gordon; PT 130 pence
* Games Workshop PT Raised to 12,000 pence at Peel Hunt
* Kindred GDRs Raised to Buy at ABG; PT 140 kronor
* Norva24 Group Raised to Buy at Citi; PT 35 kronor
* Saipem Raised to Buy at Redburn; PT 2.57 euros (+)
* Wacker Chemie Raised to Buy at HSBC; PT 155 euros

>>> Down
* AstraZeneca Cut to Hold at Deutsche Bank; PT 11,000 pence
* Dunelm Cut to Underperform at RBC; PT 1,000 pence
* Georg Fischer Cut to Add at Baader Helvea; PT 70 Swiss francs
* Intrum Cut to Hold at Arctic Securities; PT 89 kronor
* Persimmon Cut to Neutral at JPMorgan; PT 1,090 pence
* Tobii Cut to Hold at Handelsbanken

>>> Initiation
* Fugro Reinstated Outperform at BNPP Exane; PT 18.90 euros
* Knorr-Bremse Re-Initiated Neutral at BNPP Exane; PT 66 euros
* Verallia Resumed Buy at Deutsche Bank; PT 48 euros (+)

>>> Call
* Adidas PT Raised to Street-High at Berenberg on Brand Turnaround
* Citi Strategists Say US Futures Positioning Is Looking Stretched (+)
* Dunelm Will Find Growth Tougher, Cut to Underperform at RBC
* Goldman Strategists Say Too Early to Dismiss Risk From Rates (+)
* Monster Agrees to Buy Bang; ‘Strategic Positive’ Says Goldman
* Norva24 Group Raised to Buy at Citi on Attractive Entry Point
* Persimmon Downgraded at JPMorgan as Volume Recovery in Jeopardy
* Sainsbury 1Q ‘Very Strong’ With Positive Grocery Sales: Shore (+)
* Virbac Guidance Cut Confirms Market Slowdown, Jefferies Says (+)

(ZH) More Dedollarization: Indian Refiners' Payments To Russia, Argentina Paymen

More Dedollarization: Indian Refiners' Payments To Russia, Argentina Payment To IMF Both In Yuan

The world continues to chisel away at the dollar's reserve status.

In the first of the two most recent examples of how non-western nations plan to avoid the weaponized dollar, late last week Argentina made a loan repayment to the International Monetary Fund worth the equivalent of $2.7 billion “without using dollars” on Friday, using Chinese yuan and special-drawing rights notes instead, Reuters reported.

The operation is expected to deplete Argentina's $1.65 billion in SDRs, according to a central bank source, "with yuan making up the difference." While Reuters' take home message here is that the "use of yuan underscores how desperate the country's dollar position has become", an alternative conclusion is that when it comes to international obligations - at least as far as the IMF is concerned - the yuan is as good as the greenback, an observation that will make China quite happy.

As a result of the payment, Argentina's foreign currency reserves saw a sharp decrease to around $27.933 billion for end-June, the same source told Reuters, bringing foreign reserves to their lowest since March 2016. Still, the move gave a boost to Argentina's markets on the last day of the month, which overall in June saw the stock index tick up nearly 25% and bonds up almost 13%.
Both parties are now locked in talks to speed up disbursements from their $44 billion program and ease economic targets, as a major drought continues to hammer vital grains exports.
Argentina's economy ministry said a team will travel to Washington early next week to continue negotiations.

"IMF staff and the Argentine authorities will continue to advance their work in the coming days, with the aim of reaching agreement on the fifth review of the Fund-supported program," the fund said separately on Friday, after a "standard informal Executive Board briefing on Argentina" was held Thursday.

But wait, there's more.

Indian refiners have also begun paying for some oil imports from Russia in Chinese yuan, Reuters also reported citing "sources with direct knowledge of the matter" as Western sanctions force Moscow and its customers to find alternatives to the dollar for settling payments.

In other words, it is the weaponization of the dollar that is forcing the world to find alternative to - drumroll - the dollar, something we have been warning would happen ever since Russia was effectively blacklisted and targeted by the entire dollar-based monetary platform.

And just in case there is still some confusion about the long-term viability of the petrodollar, China has also switched to the yuan for most of its energy imports from Russia, which overtook Saudi Arabia to become China's top crude supplier in the first quarter this year.

"Some refiners are paying in other currencies like yuan if banks are not willing to settle trade in dollars," said an Indian government source.

Indian Oil Corp, the country's biggest buyer of Russian crude oil, in June became the first state refiner to pay for some Russian purchases in yuan, three sources familiar with the matter said. At least two of India's three private refiners are also paying for some Russian imports in yuan, two other sources said.

According to Reuters, it could not immediately be determined how much Russian oil Indian refiners have bought with yuan, although Indian Oil has paid in yuan for multiple cargoes.

The rise in yuan payments has given a boost to Beijing's efforts to internationalise its currency, with Chinese banks promoting its use specifically for Russian oil trade.

Since the imposition of sanctions on Moscow, Indian refiners have mostly bought Russian crude from Dubai-based traders and Russian oil companies such as Rosneft, the Litasco unit of Russian oil major Lukoil, and Gazprom Neft, according to shipping data compiled by Reuters.
Indian refiners have also settled some non-dollar payments for Russian oil in the United Arab Emirates' dirham, sources have said.

"First preference is to pay in dollars but refiners sometimes pay in other currencies such as dirham and yuan when sellers ask them," said the government source, who did not elaborate further and declined to identify any Indian companies paying in yuan for Russian oil.

Reuters previously reported in March that India had asked banks and traders to avoid using the yuan to pay for Russian imports because of long-running political differences with China. And while it was not immediately clear whether recent purchases represent a change in that view, clearly this "directive" is now being ignored as US influence in the region wanes with every passing day.

Furthermore, India's imports from Russia rose to a record in May, with Russian crude oil accounting for 40% of India's overall oil imports compared with 16.5% a year earlier, denting purchases from Iraq and Saudi Arabia.

While Western sanctions against Moscow are not recognized by India and its purchases of Russian oil may not violate them, Indian banks are wary of clearing payments for such imports:
  • In May, State Bank of India, the country's top lender and a key banker for state refiners, rejected IOC's planned payment in dollars for a cargo delivered by Rosneft, two sources said. The cargo was loaded on tanker NS Bora, handled by Dubai-based Sun Ship Management, an entity connected to Russia's largest state shipping company, Sovcomflot, which the European Union sanctioned in February and the United Kingdom in May.
  • In June, IOC used ICICI Bank (ICBK.NS), a private-sector Indian lender, to settle this trade with Rosneft by paying in yuan to Bank of China (601988.SS), two sources with direct knowledge of the matter said. One private refiner has also been using the same mechanism for payments for Russian oil, one of the sources said.

Since then, IOC has used the same method to pay with yuan for other cargoes from Rosneft, one of the sources with direct knowledge of the matter said.

"Whenever IOC will face problems it would push for payment in yuan," the person said, adding that IOC had asked Rosneft to consider supplying oil in vessels not managed by sanctioned entities.

Another state refiner, Bharat Petroleum Corp Ltd (BPCL.NS), is also exploring yuan payment for Russian oil, a separate source said.

"Many traders (sellers) are insisting for yuan payments," the source said.
That pretty much says it all.