WWD : Marco Bizzarri Embraces New Career Phase

Marco Bizzarri Embraces New Career Phase
The former president and CEO of Gucci is kicking off a new chapter with a first investment in the Italian fashion brand Elisabetta Franchi.

MILAN – Marco Bizzarri is back in business, after exiting Gucci in September last year, and this new chapter of his professional life will see him as an investor in fashion, luxury and design.

In an exclusive interview, the former president and chief executive officer of the Italian luxury brand revealed he is investing in Italian fashion brand Elisabetta Franchi through a personal holding called Nessifashion. Effective April 15, Bizzarri will become chairman of the company.

He is acquiring 23 percent of Elisabetta Franchi through Nessifashion, named after “nessi,” a regional term of endearment passed on through generations from Bizzarri’s father and on to his children.

While wearing a different hat from his CEO days, nothing much has changed in his manner and Bizzarri, firing on all cylinders, said he was enthusiastic about committing to “prioritizing investments in creative entrepreneurs, business leaders and great Italian brands.” He touted Elisabetta Franchi, who founded her namesake brand in 1998, as a “charismatic leader” who has developed her brand “with clear vision and strong leadership.” He also remarked on the strong growth potential of the brand.

“I was 37 when I first became a CEO and after 25 years of leading companies of different sizes, cultures and life-cycles and after nine years at Gucci, I was ready for a different challenge, still involved in fashion but also with a birds-eye view on similar sectors,” said Bizzarri.

The executive first dipped his toes into the investment fund pool in 2021, when he took a stake and became a partner in Orienta Capital Partners, which specializes in investments in small- and medium-sized companies with strong growth potential.

Franchi approached Bizzarri last year following his exit from Gucci and he recalled how he was “very curious about this self-made woman from Bologna. I was impressed by the company’s success and profitable business, and the woman behind the brand, the unique personal connection she has developed with her clients and her strong, deeply loyal community of women who want to be part of her lifestyle. In a world where communication often feels hierarchical, Elisabetta’s approach stands out as refreshingly authentic. She is very intuitive and was one of the first designers to embrace social media; she talks to her customers directly, remaining relevant and a point of reference for them.”

The designer’s parent company, Betty Blue, which is set to close 2023 with sales of 170 million euros and a margin of earnings before interest and taxes of 31.8 percent, relies on its own production chain. The brand is present in 78 countries and counts about 100 monobrand stores.

“She has continued to grow the company through the years, despite all the changes in the industry and with such high profitability. She is very much hands-on, and, while a designer, she is also a businesswoman alone in command for years, very energetic and of great intelligence,” said Bizzarri.

The company was expected to launch an initial public offering on the AIM segment for small caps of the Italian Stock Exchange in 2020, but the project was shelved due to the pandemic.

“I am very intrigued and curious to work with her and create a structure for the company that can be sustainable in time, so that she can focus on design,” said Bizzarri.

The arrival in February of Gabriele Maggio as CEO was a first sign of changes at the brand, which pointed to further international expansion and the strengthening of its position as a luxury fashion label.

Maggio, whose career in fashion spans more than 25 years, was previously president and CEO of Stella McCartney, which he exited in December, succeeded by Amandine Ohayon. Prior to McCartney, Maggio was general manager of Moschino and previously held several senior executive and board-level positions at both Gucci and Bottega Veneta. His curriculum also includes experiences at Giorgio Armani and Prada.

Claudia D’Arpizio, senior partner at Bain & Company, is also due to join the board of Elisabetta Franchi.

Asked about his experience at Kering, Bizzarri opened up about it for the first time since his exit.

“I spent 18 years with [Kering chairman and CEO] François-Henri [Pinault] and he always was and will always be a point of reference for me,” he said. “He gave me the possibility to manage some of the most beautiful brands in the world. And I will thank him forever for this. I think it’s not been easy for him to take this decision, because of the mutual respect that we have for each other, and our friendship, and for this I respect him even more.”

Bizzarri led a textbook turnaround at Gucci, selecting Alessandro Michele to succeed Frida Giannini as creative director in 2015. Michele left in November 2022 and in that time span, the size of Gucci had tripled, reaching sales of 9.73 billion euros. However, the brand was struggling with slower growth than many of its luxury peers, which prompted Michele’s exit. While Bizzarri’s contract had just been renewed for three years, the executive left Gucci last September as part of a major Kering management shuffle and was succeeded by Kering’s then-managing director Jean-François Palus.

“However, I think this has been the best professional decision that I ever took,” continued Bizzarri. “Giving me the possibility to start a new professional journey with longtime friends and with incredible talents I had the chance to cross in my career. And at this stage of my life this is the best possible gift.”

In fact, Orienta Capital Partners was cofounded by Mario Gardini in 2011 and he and Bizzarri go way back as they are both from the Emilia Romagna region — as is Franchi — and worked together early in their careers in Bologna at both Arthur Andersen and Mandarina Duck in the 1990s.

Bizzarri started his career at Andersen Consulting, now Accenture. Leaving Andersen for Mandarina Duck in 1993 was a big leap — the first of many in Bizzarri’s career. He developed the brand’s international markets, setting up factories in Shanghai, Hong Kong and Hungary, and, after 10 years, he moved on to Marithé + François Girbaud for a brief stint. Incidentally, he pointed out that Mandarina Duck is based in Cadriano, which is a few minutes away from Granarolo dell’Emilia, where Franchi’s company is headquartered.

“I laughed thinking how it’s almost coming full circle,” said Bizzarri.

His first executive role within Kering, at the time called Gucci Group, dates back to January 2005, when he joined as president and CEO of Stella McCartney. After building Stella McCartney into a profitable company, Bizzarri was appointed president and CEO of Bottega Veneta in January 2009. The relaunch of Bottega Veneta completed, Bizzarri in April 2014 became Kering’s CEO of luxury, couture and leather goods, but was soon appointed president and CEO of Gucci in December of the same year.

Here, in a joint interview, Bizzarri and Franchi discuss shared views, women’s empowerment and the potential growth avenues for the brand.

WWD: [to Elisabetta Franchi] Why did you think it was the right moment to take in a shareholder?

Elisabetta Franchi: Back in ’98, when the company was established, it was a collaborative effort between my husband [the late Sabatino Cennamo] and me. However, by 2008 [the year he died], it had transitioned to solely me. This shift to the singular “me” also brought about a sense of solitude. You see, the collective “us” symbolized a dialogue and support. But when it became just “me,” my team and a mirror, it was undoubtedly challenging, and not because I am a woman; I believe this kind of transition is difficult for both men and women alike. And at times, when faced with important decisions, even though you may have a thousand highly skilled collaborators, the ultimate decision rests with one person. Finding myself at the helm of crucial decisions at times has been quite taxing.

WWD: In your path, did you follow your instinct?

E.F.: Yes, there are instances when I recognize that my intuition is correct and instinct plays a pivotal role yet, for me, the process of sharing and comparing ideas is essential. As the company grew, I was courted by numerous funds, and let’s say I even slipped away from some of them on my “wedding day” [laughing] when I felt their vision did not align with mine.

WWD: I gather you did not necessarily need a financial investment.

E.F.: Absolutely not. I was looking for either an industrial partner or someone to share my vision with. My company, I say this with great pride, I founded it with a small loan, and I’ve never had any debt. So it’s always been self-financed, and it became attractive to investors because of its very important financial statements and equally significant EBITDA.

WWD: Yes, a margin of 31.8 percent, that’s significant.

E.F.: Marco, in many ways, embodied the Prince Charming for me. And I was convinced he would never meet me.

WWD: [To Marco Bizzarri] Why did you think that out of so many brands out there, Elisabetta Franchi was the one to invest in?

Marco Bizzarri: When everything unfolded, I found myself at a crossroads, unsure of my next steps. However, there was one unwavering desire within me: to collaborate with individuals whom I admired and could select freely. Throughout my career, while I have had a say in the people I worked with, I was chosen by others too. It’s a profound gift to be able to work alongside individuals whom you genuinely admire and respect. During a lunch at [his son’s Stefano] Dalla Gioconda restaurant, I realized there was a spark. When it seems like the other anticipates what you’re about to say, it’s something very difficult to find. But, as you say, there are many brands, there are so many people I could work with. But I really wanted to find something that intrigued and fascinated me. I like the potential to bring together a team, to create something sustainable in the long run for everyone involved. Fortunately, for both of us, it’s not about finances or monetary gains; at this stage in our lives, it’s simply about doing what we’re passionate about.


WWD: At this stage, what are your goals and growth objectives with the arrival of Marco and the fund?

E.F: I did not want to confine myself within a company solely created and molded by my own efforts. When you initially establish a company, it feels like your own, but over time, it evolves into something that I believe should be able to thrive independently, regardless of your direct involvement. So, with Marco’s arrival, our first priority is to establish a foundational team, an initial structure where my skills might have been lacking. Those who resonate with our journey inherently grasp our vision, while those who do not may never fully align with our mission. With Marco, I am optimistic that we will further the brand’s global reach. We have a balanced presence, with 50 percent of sales in Italy and the remaining 50 percent abroad, but there are untapped markets, particularly in America.

M.B.: Certainly there are different phases in the life of a company, and while it’s true that she didn’t establish a management, over 25 years she has maintained the company’s relevance, both in terms of operational processes and aesthetic appeal. This is no small feat considering the numerous companies that have faltered in similar timeframes. Operating within a sector dominated by large conglomerates poses its own set of challenges. Financially, these giants are formidable and it’s not easy to find individuals willing to work for a small-sized company in a location that’s not Milan or Paris, and that’s crucial. Today, there’s a unique opportunity for significant expansion, both geographically and in terms of product categories. However, there will be a transition that requires not just organizational restructuring but also a shift in mindset — learning to trust others to handle tasks she’s long been accustomed to managing herself. Surrounded by experienced professionals who understand the nuances of business operations, Elisabetta is well-positioned to navigate these transitions.

While decisions ultimately shape success or failure, there’s also a factor of luck. And I see myself as lucky. There are many colleagues and collaborators who hold positive memories of our time together. I’ve earned their trust by delivering good work and building successful companies. So when I reach out to them and suggest working together again, they’re usually eager to jump on board. In 99 percent of cases, that is [chuckling].

WWD: The company employs 300 individuals, so in light of the further development are you planning on expanding the team and the human resources?

M.B.: It really boils down to finding the right individuals. The company is thriving as it stands, but we need to ensure we don’t disrupt the momentum; that’s paramount. It’s not merely a matter of reorganization; it’s about fine-tuning and refining.

E.F.: I believe this is where Marco’s strength lies because when we started talking, I expressed my concerns as he is accustomed to dealing with substantial figures, but from the start, I was surprised by his remarkable ability to adapt to the specific business circumstances he faces. To me this is absolutely crucial; I don’t want to change the identity of the brand.

M.B.: You can’t apply cookie-cutter formulas. Our aim is to nurture the company’s evolution, not to overhaul it.

WWD: Where do you produce?

E.F.: It’s 80 percent made in Italy, all around the Emilia-Romagna region.

WWD: You have been very careful in avoiding the dilution of the brand. Is children’s clothing the only license?

E.F.: I have just partnered with Pronovias [and the collection will be available starting in the fall]. Over the years, my loyal customers asked me to design bridal gowns for them. I thought it was a world that needed to be approached seriously, not just by designing five dresses and putting them in the store. Accessories are also a potential product extension with the help of Marco as now apparel represents 85 percent of sales.

I remain steadfast in my belief that the brand caters to women who embrace their femininity and this should not be viewed as a weakness but as a strength. I’m not just a designer, I’m a woman and the driving force behind this company and this is a profound message of female empowerment.

WWD: Have you reconsidered the idea of going public?

E.F.: During the first roadshow, I realized I was speaking a completely different language — picture me, a petite woman in my pencil skirt, navigating the intricacies of the IPO process. But I embraced the challenge and mastered the trade. Brunello Cucinelli once said to me, “If you can handle it, it’s a fantastic world.” And I believe it could be one of the projects on the horizon, why not?

WSJ : Tesla Is Boosting AI Engineer Pay in Talent War, Musk Says

Tesla Is Boosting AI Engineer Pay in Talent War, Musk Says
The competition ‘is the craziest talent war I’ve ever seen,’ Musk posts on X

Tesla TSLA 1.05%increase; green up pointing triangle is raising compensation for its artificial intelligence engineers in a bid to ward off poaching from the likes of OpenAI, Chief Executive Elon Musk said.

Musk said his electric-vehicle company is boosting pay at a time when OpenAI has been “aggressively recruiting Tesla engineers with massive compensation offers,” in a series of posts on social-media platform X late Wednesday.

The competition for AI engineers “is the craziest talent war I’ve ever seen,” he said.

Musk was responding to a report from news outlet The Information that Tesla machine-learning scientist Ethan Knight had left the automaker to join Musk’s AI startup, xAI.

“Ethan was going to join OpenAI, so it was either xAI or them,” Musk said.

OpenAI didn’t immediately respond to requests for comment.

The recent boom in AI has intensified Silicon Valley’s talent wars, as startups compete with established tech giants in the race to build the next big thing.

Tech companies are serving up million-dollar-a-year compensation packages, accelerated stock-vesting schedules and offers to poach entire engineering teams to draw people with expertise and experience in the kind of generative AI that is powering OpenAI’s ChatGPT and other humanlike bots.

Layoffs are continuing in other areas of tech, as companies reallocate resources to invest more in covering the enormous cost of developing AI technology.

Musk’s comments also come amid tensions with OpenAI Chief Executive Sam Altman. In February, Musk declared war on his former protégé, filing a lawsuit over OpenAI’s pursuit of profit.

In the suit, Musk, who helped found the ChatGPT maker in 2015, claimed OpenAI’s close relationship with Microsoft goes against the company’s original commitment to public, open-source AI, claims that OpenAI denies.

OpenAI has been leading the AI boom, while xAI has been left playing catch-up with the organization Musk’s money helped get off the ground.

Tesla’s AI efforts have so far focused on driverless cars and humanoid robots. In 2022, Musk showed off a prototype of a humanoid robot at a Tesla event, part of his efforts to shape the public perception of the company as more than just an electric-vehicle maker.

The Tesla chief also revealed last summer the car company plans to spend more than $1 billion through the end of 2024 on a supercomputer, dubbed Dojo, that is to help develop driverless-car technology.

Such initiatives have helped underpin Tesla’s lofty market valuation and are a part of the company’s longer-term growth strategy.

>>> US Research Calls I

Research Calls
  • Upgrades:
    • Avis Budget (CAR) upgraded to Neutral from Sell at Goldman; tgt raised to $130
    • BOK Financial (BOKF) upgraded to Outperform from Mkt Perform at Raymond James; tgt $103
    • Bread Financial (BFH) upgraded to Outperform from Peer Perform at Wolfe Research; tgt $48
    • Capital One (COF) upgraded to Outperform from Peer Perform at Wolfe Research; tgt $189
    • Eversource Energy (ES) upgraded to Buy from Neutral at UBS; tgt raised to $67
  • Downgrades:
    • Ball Corp (BALL) downgraded to Equal Weight from Overweight at Barclays; tgt raised to $71
    • Bank of America (BAC) downgraded to Neutral from Buy at UBS; tgt raised to $40
    • BrightView (BV) downgraded to Sell from Neutral at Goldman; tgt raised to $10
    • Bumble Inc. (BMBL) downgraded to Mkt Perform from Outperform at Raymond James
    • Celanese (CE) downgraded to Equal Weight from Overweight at Barclays; tgt $170
    • Celanese (CE) downgraded to Underweight from Neutral at JP Morgan; tgt raised to $160
    • Chubb (CB) downgraded to Hold from Buy at HSBC Securities; tgt lowered to $270
    • Hertz Global (HTZ) downgraded to Sell from Neutral at Goldman; tgt lowered to $7
  • Others:
    • Azenta (AZTA) initiated with a Hold at Jefferies; tgt $64
    • BioLife Solutions (BLFS) initiated with a Buy at Jefferies; tgt $22
    • Cadence Design (CDNS) initiated with a Neutral at Piper Sandler; tgt $334
    • Certara (CERT) initiated with a Mkt Perform at JMP Securities
    • Chesapeake Energy (CHK) initiated with a Sector Weight at KeyBanc Capital Markets
    • Cryoport (CYRX) resumed with a Buy at Jefferies; tgt raised to $21
    • DoorDash (DASH) initiated with a Buy at The Benchmark Company; tgt $165
    • Evergy (EVRG) initiated with a Neutral at Ladenburg Thalmann; tgt $51
    • Flutter Entertainment (FLUT) initiated with an Equal Weight at Wells Fargo; tgt $210
    • Grindr (GRND) initiated with an Outperform at Raymond James; tgt $14
    • HealthEquity (HQY) initiated with a Mkt Outperform at JMP Securities; tgt $101
    • LPL Financial (LPLA) initiated with an Underperform at Raymond James
    • Standard BioTools (LAB) initiated with a Buy at Jefferies; tgt $3.25

>>> US Gapping down

Gapping down
In reaction to earnings/guidance:

RGP -3.5% (also names new COO), RPM -1.2%, SPWH -0.6%
Other news:

REPX -16.5% (commences 2.1 mln share offering)
ACHL -15.8% (Provides Interim Phase I/IIa Update on Clonal Neoantigen Reactive T Cells in Advanced NSCLC and Melanoma Including First Patients Dosed with Enhanced Host Conditioning)
AQST -2.3% (files $250 mln mixed shelf securities offering)
SMMT -2% (CFO steps down, COO assumes addiitonal role of CFO)
ICLR -1.3% (CFO to step down, reaffirms guidance)
IRMD -0.8% (files $75 mln common stock offering)

>>> US Gapping up

Gapping up
In reaction to earnings/guidance:

LEVI +12.4%, SLP +9.2%, STAA +8.9% (guidance), BB +5.7%, CAG +5.5%, SMG +3.6% (guidance), SMPL +2.8%
Other news:

LUNR +11.2% (selected by NASA to advance capabilities for a lunar terrain vehicle)
MGNX +9.7% (provides Phase 2 TAMARACK study data)
ANGO +6.1% (receives 510(k) clearance for AlphaVac F18 system in treatment of PE)
LAB +4.1% (enters into agreement with BMY for use of the SomaScan Platform)
JAKK +3.2% (stock offering by selling shareholders) TV +3% (reached an agreement with AT&T (T) for the acquisition of its participation in Sky Mexico and changes in the Sky Mexico management team)
OPRA +2.7% (its current Google search commercial agreement has been extended)
NIU +2.4% (reports Q1 sales volume increased 37% yr/yr)
KBR +1.9% (names new CFO)
AMLX +1.9% (announces formal intention to remove RELYVRIO/ALBRIOZA from the market)
PSN +1.8% (awarded a position on multiple award NASA task order contract)
BTBT +1.7% (reports Bitcoin activity for March)
KTB +1.6% (in sympathy with strong LEVI earnings)
EU +1.5% (Provides Q1 ATM sales update; suspends ATM Program)
VLRS +1.3% (March Traffic)
SNY +1.1% (to settle about 5,000 Zantac cancer lawsuits in US, according to Bloomberg)
HHH +1.1% (Scot Sellers to Be named Chairman of the Board of HHH at

>>> Boston Scientific and Axonics (AXNX) each received Second Request in connect

Boston Scientific and Axonics (AXNX) each received Second Request in connection with the FTC’s review of the Merger

* The issuance of the Second Request extends the waiting period under the HSR Act until 30 days after both the Company and Axonics have substantially complied with the Second Request, unless the waiting period is extended voluntarily by the parties or terminated earlier by the FTC.

* The Company and Axonics expect to promptly respond to the Second Request and to continue to work cooperatively with the FTC in its review of the Merger. The Merger is now expected to be completed in the second half of 2024, subject to the expiration or termination of the waiting period under the HSR Act and the satisfaction (or waiver) of other customary closing conditions.

>>> Int'l Paper issues statement regarding possible offer for DS Smith (DITHF);

Int'l Paper issues statement regarding possible offer for DS Smith (DITHF); confirms that significant progress has been made in reciprocal due diligence as facilitated by the DS Smith Board and Management (39.07)
  • International Paper confirms that significant progress has been made in reciprocal due diligence as facilitated by the DS Smith Board and Management, and that it is now in a position to provide shareholders with more detail on the type and quantum of synergies it believes would arise from the Combination.
  • Corrugated packaging solutions is a core component of DS Smith's business. Due diligence has confirmed International Paper's belief that the Combination will significantly strengthen the combined packaging business and customer offerings -- with packaging representing 84% of International Paper's current sales, approximately $1.5 billion (£1.2 billion1) of which is driven from European sales.
  • Commenting on the Combination, Mark Sutton, Chairman and CEO of International Paper, said: "Bringing International Paper together with DS Smith is a logical next step in International Paper's strategy to create value by strengthening our packaging businesses in North America and Europe. By combining the strengths of both companies, we believe we can enhance our offering of sustainable packaging solutions for customers in attractive and growing markets."
  • International Paper expects that the Combination will generate significant synergies and drive compelling value creation for DS Smith and International Paper shareholders. The delivery of the synergies will be supported by International Paper's significant expertise in acquiring and integrating businesses. In addition, International Paper's confidence in delivering a successful integration is underpinned by DS Smith's own expertise in acquiring businesses and integrating them.
  • International Paper anticipates that the total costs to achieve the synergies outlined above would be approximately $370 million (£293 million1). International Paper expects that approximately 33% of the synergies outlined above would be achieved by the end of the first year following Completion, with approximately 66% and 95% achieved by the end of the second and third years following Completion, all on a run-rate basis, respectively.
  • As part of the Combination, International Paper envisages that DS Smith's North American manufacturing locations and International Paper's European manufacturing locations would continue their respective operations. Though it is intended that the Combined Group would be headquartered and domiciled in Memphis, Tennessee, USA, at International Paper's existing headquarters, International Paper intends to maintain key elements of DS Smith's headquarters functions and is proposing to establish a European headquarters in London, United Kingdom, at DS Smith's existing headquarters (subject to any required information and consultation with any impacted employees and/or their representatives in accordance with applicable law).
  • As part of the Combination, any new International Paper shares issued to DS Smith shareholders will be authorized for primary listing on the New York Stock Exchange subject to official notice of issuance and International Paper intends to seek a secondary listing of its shares on the London Stock Exchange.

WSJ : Nelson Peltz’s Disney Consolation Prize: A $300 Million Gain

Nelson Peltz’s Disney Consolation Prize: A $300 Million Gain
Trian Partners lost its bid for board seats, but profited on its investment

Nelson Peltz may have suffered a bruising defeat in his proxy battle with Disney DIS -3.13%decrease; red down pointing triangle Wednesday, but the sting could be eased by a gain the activist has scored on the investment.

Peltz’s Trian Partners has made around $300 million in profit on its 16-month investment, most of it on paper, according to people familiar with the matter.

The firm invested around $800 million in Disney in 2022, buying much of its stake when shares were around $88 apiece. That isn’t far from the recent bottom in the stock, which closed Wednesday at $118.98.

Trian launched its first proxy fight then backed off early last year, selling about a third of its stake and locking in around $60 million of profit.

This time around, Peltz’s friend Ike Perlmutter, the former Marvel Entertainment chairman and one of Disney’s biggest shareholders, entrusted Trian with the voting rights of his Disney shares.

Trian’s arrangement with Perlmutter gives it a cut—around 10%—of the gain on his shares, the people said, which hasn’t been previously reported. Perlmutter got his big stake when he sold Marvel to Disney for $4 billion in 2009. The stake has risen in value by roughly $850 million, adding another $85 million or so to Trian’s haul.

After subtracting the $25 million Trian expected to spend waging the campaign, the firm’s profit to date comes out to about $300 million.

That is a roughly 40% return on the investment over the period Trian has owned the shares, which is about equal to the S&P 500’s return over the same period.

Trian’s profit isn’t huge compared with its assets under management of around $10 billion, a figure which included more than $2 billion of Perlmutter’s Disney shares. But the Disney investment is helping improve returns at Trian after years of underperformance in its main fund.

Trian had aimed to get two seats on Disney’s board, arguing the company needed to move faster to reinvent itself and find a successor to Chief Executive Bob Iger.

Peltz, speaking at Disney’s annual meeting Wednesday, noted the stock had performed well after Disney launched several initiatives following Trian’s arrival. He said the firm plans to continue monitoring progress.

“We hope that this time will be our last and that shareholders will not be let down like a year ago,” he said.

FT : Commodity trading profits beat record to hit $104bn last year

Commodity trading profits beat record to hit $104bn last year
New entrants and rising returns from trading power and gas drive unexpected increase in earnings, report says


The commodity trading industry made record estimated profits of $104bn last year, a McKinsey report said, even as market volatility decreased and earnings at some of the biggest groups fell.

The surprise increase from 2022, when the fallout from the war in Ukraine pushed up prices and supercharged profits, was driven by a wave of new entrants into the sector — including tech-focused traders and hedge funds — and rising returns from power trading activities, according to a report by consultants McKinsey.

Roland Rechtsteiner, a partner at McKinsey and one of the authors of the widely read annual study, estimated that earnings before interest and tax across the sector reached $104bn in 2024, exceeding the $99bn record set by the industry in 2022 and more than double the $53bn reported in 2021.

The figures reflect the earnings from commodities trading activities across the entire sector, including by independent traders, banks, hedge funds, national energy companies and asset-based businesses such as BP and Shell.

While the biggest independent traders — such as Vitol and Gunvor — have reported, or are expected to report, a decline in profits from record levels set in 2022, other newer entrants have been able to grow year on year as they continued to improve trading strategies and optimise their operations, Rechtsteiner said.

“We had a lot of national energy companies, we had midsized energy companies, we had different players out there that could actually grow their market from 2022 to 2023,” he told the Financial Times.


The McKinsey analysis diverges from that of rival consultant Oliver Wyman, which estimated last month that 2023 gross margin across the sector — the amount made on trades before deducting costs such as tax, salaries and bonuses — had dropped by about 30 per cent year on year, but was still about double historic levels.

Privately held Swiss commodity trader Gunvor this week reported annual net profit of $1.25bn in 2023, its second-biggest ever, but down about 50 per cent from 2022, partly because of a $467mn provision to settle bribery charges. Publicly listed Glencore noted a similar drop in trading profits in February when it reported adjusted Ebit for its marketing division of $3.5bn, down 46 per cent from 2022.

Despite such declines, increased trading by traditional energy producers and the entrance of “data-driven traders” had increased the number of players in the market, boosting liquidity and enlarging the profit pool, Rechsteiner said.

Sector-wide profits from the trading of power and gas increased 47 per cent year on year, according to McKinsey’s estimates, in a sign of how important those commodities will be to the future of the industry.

“Over time, we will see pretty much every commodity trader being focused on power,” Rechsteiner said, adding that this was an input to other activities and the key to the decarbonisation of the global energy system.

Other lower carbon energy products, such as hydrogen and biofuels, depend on gas or power or other commodities for their production or transportation creating new cross-commodity opportunities for trading houses. “That’s just creating an extreme connectivity of different asset classes, which we didn’t have before,” he said.

Despite the growth in new areas, Reichsteiner cautioned that profits from oil trading, although down 19 per cent year on year, remained the biggest single contributor to sector-wide earnings. “The oil trade is going to stay here for a long time,” he said, adding that demand and the need to balance supply and demand around the world remained strong.