WSJ : Amazon Built a Massive Supply Chain for Itself. Now It’s for Hire.

Amazon Built a Massive Supply Chain for Itself. Now It’s for Hire.
The e-commerce giant is opening its global logistics network to all businesses, betting it can turn its supply chain into the next AWS

Amazon.com thinks its next AWS is in its warehouses.

The e-commerce giant is trying to do for logistics what its Amazon Web Services unit did for cloud computing with a new business called Amazon Supply Chain Services.

The company over two decades grew AWS from an internal effort to better manage its technology systems into the largest service of its kind. Now, it hopes to do the same with its sprawling global supply chain by opening up its network to more business customers—including those that don’t sell on Amazon’s retail marketplace.

“We first built this network over 20 years for ourselves. We then made it available to Amazon sellers,” said Peter Larsen, vice president of Amazon Supply Chain Services. “Now we’re making it available to any business of any shape or size.”

The nation’s largest company by revenue on Monday is announcing the launch of Amazon Supply Chain Services, a centralized place for companies from consumer-goods manufacturers to apparel retailers to hire Amazon for services such as fulfillment, ocean and air shipping, and truck transportation.

The move to tie together all of its supply-chain services in one place in effect officially makes Amazon a third-party logistics provider, or 3PL, competing with the likes of transportation and warehousing giants such as DSV, DHL Group and Kuehne + Nagel International. It positions Amazon to take a bigger bite out of a global market for third-party logistics services that is estimated at more than $1.3 trillion, according to research group Armstrong & Associates.


“We think it’s a very large opportunity,” Larsen said.

Amazon over nearly three decades has assembled a supply chain spanning the globe with warehouses, planes, trucks and delivery vehicles. Its last-mile delivery service has grown to become the nation’s largest parcel carrier by volume, ahead of United Parcel Service, FedEx and the U.S. Postal Service, according to parcel-analytics firm ShipMatrix. The company has built its own logistics technology to forecast demand, plan inventory and route freight.

Amazon has sold fulfillment services to companies that list goods on its retail marketplace for 20 years. Third-party seller services accounted for about 24% of the company’s total revenue last year with $172 billion in net sales.

Those services propelled Amazon to become the world’s largest third-party logistics company based on gross logistics revenue in 2025, according to Armstrong & Associates. The company wasn’t even in the top 10 of that list a decade ago, said Evan Armstrong, chief executive of Armstrong & Associates.


But the services to date have largely been offered piecemeal, allowing companies to hire Amazon specifically for e-commerce order fulfillment, or for shipping freight, but not for their full supply chain needs.

“They have warehousing operations, they have transportation-management operations, they have international air and ocean operations, and they don’t have a completely coordinated 3PL sell, even though they’re the largest 3PL when you add it all up,” Armstrong said.

Its new business will stitch all that together in one place not just for e-commerce merchants and retailers, but also for companies shipping goods business-to-business such as healthcare companies and auto-parts manufacturers. Amazon said costs will vary based on the services businesses use.

The service can fulfill orders placed through platforms that compete with Amazon’s own marketplace, from marketplaces run by Walmart and fast-fashion retailer Shein, to e-commerce platform Shopify and social-media app TikTok.

Customers that have been piloting Amazon Supply Chain Services include consumer-goods giant Procter & Gamble, which is using Amazon’s freight network to ship raw materials to production facilities. Manufacturer 3M is using its freight services to move products from manufacturing sites to distribution centers worldwide.

Apparel retailer Lands’ End is using Amazon warehouses to fulfill orders on its own website as well on Amazon and other sites. And apparel brands American Eagle and Aerie are relying on Amazon’s parcel service to handle final-mile delivery to consumers.

More companies have outsourced their logistics services over the past two decades as a way to better control costs and manage potential supply-chain disruptions. Armstrong & Associates recently estimated 94% of Fortune 500 companies in the U.S. now work with at least one third-party logistics provider, up from 72% in 2006.

The turn to third-party logistics providers has also been driven by rising customer expectations for speedy home delivery thanks to Amazon’s two-day delivery promise for its Prime members. Other retailers over the years have raced to build out networks to match that speed.

“The faster you can get something to a customer, the more they’re going to buy,” said Daniel Stanton, founder of supply-chain consulting firm Mr. Supply Chain. Amazon’s new service “has the potential to level the playing field so that everybody can be delivering their stuff to their customers with the level of service that we’ve all come to expect from Amazon.”

Companies outsourcing logistics operations often have questions about data privacy, industry experts say. Amazon has been accused in the past of using nonpublic information from merchants on its marketplace to compete against them, allegations the company has denied.

Larsen said the company tightly controls who can access seller data. Amazon prohibits using data from its supply-chain customers to make decisions for its own marketplace. He added that the number of companies already using Amazon to fulfill online orders on rival marketplaces is proof of customer trust.

“We’ve already got hundreds of thousands of Amazon sellers using these Amazon supply-chain services for their off-Amazon volume,” he said. “If they didn’t trust us, there are lots of other opportunities out there.”

>>> Europe : Brokers Upgrades & Downgrades - 4th of May 2026 V2(+)

>>> Up
* Aktia Bank Raised to Accumulate at Inderes; PT 12 euros (+)
* Fortum Raised to Equal-Weight at Morgan Stanley; PT 23 euros
* Glaston Raised to Accumulate at Inderes; PT 1.30 euros (+)
* Kion Raised to Outperform at Oddo BHF; PT 58 euros (+)
* Leroy Raised to Buy at Pareto Securities; PT 50 kroner
* Norsk Hydro Raised to Buy at Pareto Securities; PT 116 kroner
* Rheinmetall Raised to Outperform at Grupo Santander (+)

>>> Down
* Incap Cut to Accumulate at Inderes; PT 12 euros
* Komplett Cut to Hold at Nordea
* Sanofi Cut to Equal-Weight at Morgan Stanley; PT 90 euros
* Sanofi ADRs Cut to Equal-Weight at Morgan Stanley; PT $52
* Scatec Cut to Neutral at SB1 Markets; PT 120 kroner

>>> Initiation
* IPC Rated New Sector Perform at National Bank; PT 304.87 kronor

>>> Call
* Sanofi Cut to Equal-Weight at Morgan Stanley on Few Catalysts (+)
* US 1Q Earnings ‘Exceptionally Strong’ so Far: Goldman’s Snider (+)

>>> Week End Pres Summary

FINANCIAL TIMES
-Washington has warned European allies, including the UK, Poland, Lithuania, and Estonia, to expect significant delays in US weapon deliveries due to the depletion of stockpiles from the Iran war. The Pentagon indicated that serious delays for various missile systems are likely, and discussions about postponing shipments to Asia are also underway. These delays raise concerns over US inventory levels, especially regarding the ability to deter or confront China in future conflicts, such as over Taiwan. The situation affects Ukraine's support amid its ongoing conflict with Russia, particularly concerning munitions like Himars and Nasams. The Pentagon is assessing new requests and existing arms transfers while maintaining a cautious approach amid the tense transatlantic relations, with the delays not intended as a punishment for European allies but reflecting US stockpile concerns.
-Last week, while Europeans discussed potential fuel rationing, I found myself in San Francisco amidst local elites, with conversations swirling around artificial general intelligence and significant upcoming public listings like those of SpaceX and OpenAI. Despite concerns about unrest in Iran potentially impacting this optimistic bubble, one financier dismissed the worries, citing robust market performance. This juxtaposes sharply with the stark realities of 2026: an unprecedented energy crisis fueled by Gulf conflict, widespread violence in the Middle East, rising populism and polarization in the west, severe debt levels, accelerating climate change, and an AI revolution that threatens jobs, all while American consumer confidence hits historic lows.
-Donald Trump announced plans to increase tariffs on European cars to 25%, citing non-compliance with a previous trade agreement as the reason for this escalation in trade tensions. In a post on Truth Social, he stated the tariffs would begin "next week" for all European vehicles entering the U.S. He clarified that vehicles manufactured in U.S. plants would be exempt from these tariffs. This announcement jeopardizes the limited trade agreement reached last summer between the U.S. and EU, which had previously reduced Trump's tariffs to 15% on most imports from Europe. The agreement also had the EU cutting tariffs on U.S. industrial goods and certain agricultural products to zero. U.S. officials expressed frustration over the EU's slow implementation of its commitments under this agreement. Legal aspects surrounding the tariffs were noted, with recent Supreme Court rulings not influencing this particular action as it falls under different legal authority.
-Europe's largest investment banks captured only a third of the trading gains of their Wall Street counterparts in Q1, largely due to limited commodities trading and a weaker dollar. UBS, Deutsche Bank, BNP Paribas, Société Générale, and Barclays reported a 6% growth in trading, totaling €13.5B, while Wall Street banks generated $43B, reflecting a 17% increase. The modest performance occurred despite significant market volatility linked to the Middle East conflict and AI disruption, which typically benefits trading desks. European banks' past exits from commodities trading and a stronger euro further hindered their revenues earned in USD.
-Ngari Mahihu, a flower grower near Mount Kenya, has seen his export business collapse due to geopolitical tensions following the U.S. bombing of Iran. His flowers, once destined for markets in Dubai, Riyadh, Tehran, and Doha, are now being fed to his sheep as he has lost more than half of his export volumes. Although he has lost significant sales, markets in Russia, the UK, and Australia are still intact. Kenya, ranking as the fourth-largest cut flower producer globally, faces challenges across its key sectors, including tea and fresh produce, due to the ongoing conflict in the Middle East.
-A referendum in Switzerland proposing to cap the population at 10 M is gaining traction, with recent polls indicating 52% support among voters. The initiative, spearheaded by the rightwing Swiss People’s Party, faces strong opposition from business groups and the federal government due to concerns that immigration restrictions could hinder skilled labor access and economic growth. Economiesuisse has criticized the proposal as a potential threat to Switzerland's competitiveness and relationships with the EU. This initiative reflects a broader rise in anti-immigrant sentiment in Europe, impacting political landscapes. As the June 14 vote approaches, experts warn of a heated campaign, akin to sentiments experienced in Brexit discussions, emphasizing a growing desire among Swiss citizens to regain control over immigration.
-Ares Management experienced significant inflows in Q1, reporting $29.5 B in total, driven by $19.7 B in equity commitments and $9.8 B in leverage. This raised its assets under management to $644 B, surpassing Wall Street expectations. The firm, under CEO Michael Arougheti, has diversified its offerings, raising $5 B in real estate, $1.2 B in infrastructure, and closing an $8.3 B opportunistic credit fund. Despite a slowdown in its private credit segment, Arougheti indicated that Ares is poised for a record fundraising year, even amid concerns of overexposure to vulnerable software companies in the private credit market.
-In the wake of the US-Israeli war against Iran, UAE President Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed al-Nahyan visited wounded civilians in a hospital, emphasizing the resilience of the UAE despite the conflict. Over five weeks, Iran launched around 2,800 attacks, with the UAE’s air defenses intercepting most. This war challenges the UAE’s reputation as a safe haven and tests the reliability of its traditional allies, leading to criticism of their responses. The UAE also announced its exit from OPEC, a significant snub to Saudi Arabia, reflecting ongoing economic tensions and differing strategies in regional crisis management.
-Three years ago, Yasir al-Rumayyan, head of Saudi Arabia's sovereign wealth fund and LIV Golf league, appeared set to lead a new commercial entity alongside the US PGA Tour. With the backing of a $1T Public Investment Fund, LIV attracted top players and aimed to challenge traditional golf. However, negotiations faltered, leading the PIF to withdraw support after over $5B spent in four years. Al-Rumayyan is stepping down, leaving LIV struggling to maintain operations due to its unsustainable business model reliant on PIF funding.
NEW YORK TIMES
-U.S. Pentagon officials announced the withdrawal of 5,000 troops from Germany, returning to force levels from 2022. This decision follows President Trump's irritation with German remarks on the Iran war and cancels a Biden-era plan for missile-equipped artillery in Europe. The withdrawal, expected to take six to twelve months, is framed as a response to an ongoing review of military positioning in Europe and as a corrective measure against Germany's stance. This move reflects ongoing Pentagon considerations to reduce the military presence in Germany during Trump's presidency.
-The Supreme Court ruled 6 to 3 to invalidate Louisiana's voting map, determining that lawmakers improperly used race in creating a majority-Black district. The conservative majority claimed the decision upheld the Voting Rights Act, while the dissenting liberal justices argued it weakened the civil rights law. Justice Samuel A. Alito Jr. stated the ruling maintained the Act but found Louisiana's district violated the Constitution's equal protection clause, challenging decades of districting practices aimed at empowering nonwhite voters.
-Spirit Airlines ceased operations on May 2, 2026, canceling all flights immediately after struggling with significant financial losses and filing for bankruptcy twice in two years. Despite efforts to emerge as a smaller company, rising fuel prices hindered recovery. The Trump administration's proposed $500 M assistance failed due to disagreements on the deal structure. Ultimately, the company's board was urged by creditors to shut down as no further funding was available, leading to the official announcement on its website that operations were winding down.
-A federal appeals court temporarily halted abortion providers from prescribing pills via telemedicine and mailing them to patients, blocking access for many women. This decision follows a lawsuit from Louisiana against the FDA, aiming to limit access to the abortion pill mifepristone. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit granted Louisiana’s request for a stay on the FDA's prior decision to allow prescriptions without an in-person visit, citing irreparable harm to the state due to patients accessing the pills amidst a near-total abortion ban.
-On Friday, the Food and Drug Administration (F.D.A.) announced it would allow early access to the experimental drug daraxonrasib for some patients suffering from advanced pancreatic cancer. Although not yet officially approved, this treatment has shown the most promising clinical trial results in the pancreatic cancer field, leading to high demand among patients. The drug, developed by Revolution Medicines, is administered in the form of three daily pills. The F.D.A. specified that only patients with previously treated metastatic pancreatic cancer would be eligible for this expanded access program. Details regarding the timeline for when patients could begin using the medication remain unclear, but Revolution Medicines has stated that the drug will be provided at no cost under this program.
-Millions of Americans are reportedly discontinuing their Obamacare coverage following Congress's decision not to extend generous subsidies associated with the Affordable Care Act. Initial enrollment numbers had already dropped by approximately 1.2M, and insurance companies, state officials, and analysts indicate that more individuals have likely lost coverage as they now confront higher long-term costs. Estimates suggest a potential overall decrease in participants of about 20%, lowering coverage from 24M to around 19M, with further losses anticipated by year-end, leading to a significant decline in Obamacare coverage and reversing recent advancements. Rising healthcare expenses have been highlighted as a major concern among Americans, with increasing premiums for employer-provided insurance and growing out-of-pocket costs, particularly due to the popularity of high-deductible plans.
-Eric Swalwell, once recognized as “the Snapchat king of Congress” for his adept use of social media, cultivated an image as a digital native skilled in leveraging online platforms. However, social media ultimately contributed to his downfall. As he launched his campaign for California governor, allegations of sexual misconduct began to surface online. Two Democratic influencers, responding to whispers and direct reports from women, established a network to amplify these accusations. Cheyenne Hunt, one influencer, facilitated connections among the accusers and informed a former aide, who later alleged sexual assault by Swalwell, that additional women were set to come forward. This group utilized social media to gather testimonies and generate public interest in the allegations.
-Robert F. Kennedy Jr. consulted with The Agency Group, a crisis communications firm, while seeking the nomination for health secretary, as revealed by unsealed court records. The firm, previously implicated in a smear campaign against actress Blake Lively, was associated with a strategist named Jed Wallace, who promised to manage negative publicity for Kennedy in late 2024. The documents indicate Wallace aimed to enhance positive coverage and suppress negative stories about Kennedy, specifically mentioning the need for support within conservative circles that could reach President Trump. Although it remains unclear if The Agency Group executed any public relations work for Kennedy, the strategy outlined included creating an algorithm to mitigate concerns over damaging publicity, amid Kennedy's challenges following his withdrawal from the presidential race and allegations regarding his past conduct.
NY POST
-Hunter Biden, son of President Joe Biden, may face an increase in child support payments to his former partner, Lunden Roberts, following a court ruling. An Arkansas judge mandated Biden to submit his tax records and undergo questioning by Roberts' lawyers regarding his financial status. Currently paying $5,000 monthly in support for their 7-year-old daughter, Navy Joan, Roberts argues Biden's lifestyle reflects a higher income, evident from his upscale California home and lavish dining habits. Despite Biden's lawyer asserting that his living situation hasn't changed significantly, the judge has allowed Roberts to assess Biden's finances to determine if payments should rise. The hearing also addressed a dispute over Biden's promised artwork for Navy, concluding with a dismissal of Roberts' contempt request against Biden. This ongoing legal battle highlights broader implications regarding child support obligations and financial disclosures among high-profile individuals.
-Spirit Airlines is on the brink of ceasing operations after a proposed $500M bailout from the Trump administration fell through. The airline has struggled to secure sufficient funding from both the government and bondholders, which has placed its future in jeopardy. President Trump indicated that while he prefers to save jobs, any deal must be favorable to the government. Discussions included the potential for the government to acquire up to a 90% stake in Spirit, which could allow the use of its aircraft for military purposes. However, the bailout faced opposition within the administration and among some bondholders. Communication from Spirit Airlines regarding these discussions has been limited, and the White House has yet to provide further comments. This imminent shutdown would leave tens of thousands of employees without work and impact passengers with existing bookings.

>>> Barron's Weekend Su;;qry

Cover:
-Jane Fraser, CEO of Citi, is focused on proving the sustainability of the bank's recovery following decades of poor performance linked to the 2008-09 financial crisis. In a recent interview, she emphasized her forward-looking mindset, stating that past struggles are behind her. As Citi prepares for its May 7 investor day, Fraser plans to highlight improvements in return on tangible common equity (RoTCE), which reached 13.1% in Q1. The bank is also nearing the completion of winding down federal consent orders relating to past issues with internal controls. Despite progress, Fraser acknowledges the necessity of making difficult decisions, such as cost cuts and restructuring, to strengthen Citi further.

Interview:
-No update

Tech Trader:
-Citigroup’s decline is a complex narrative reflecting its 200-year trajectory alongside the United States. Established in 1812 as City Bank of New York, its expansion in the early 1900s led to its identity as “the world’s most global bank.” The institution faced significant challenges, including the 1929 market crash and the Great Depression, under Chairman “Sunshine Charlie” Mitchell. Citigroup showcased innovation by becoming the first U.S. bank to issue certificates of deposit in 1961, a move championed by influential CEO Walter Wriston. Furthermore, it popularized ATMs in 1977, famously adapting during the Great Blizzard with the slogan “Citi never sleeps.”

The Trader:
-Investors face a dilemma as CVS is set to announce first-quarter earnings on May 6, with Wall Street expecting earnings of $2.18 per share, a decline of 3% from the previous year, and slightly increased sales of $95 billion—indicative of slow growth. However, market performance suggests that CVS may not be a stagnant value opportunity, with forecasts projecting a 6% earnings increase for the year and a significant 14% increase the following year, fueled by robust performance across its divisions. The insurance unit, in particular, is anticipated to benefit from planned Medicare Advantage payment increases, a trend that has positively impacted other companies in the sector, such as Humana and UnitedHealth Group, both of which emphasized profit margin growth for their Medicare Advantage plans in their recent earnings reports.
--Good things come in old packages, exemplified by the XLK exchange-traded fund, a pioneering tech-focused ETF. Other notable investment options include the MAGS ETF for S&P 500 megacaps, the SOXX and SMH ETFs for semiconductor stocks, and the IGV ETF, which has struggled amid declining software performance. Recent earnings from major tech firms showed mixed results, with XLK gaining nearly 11% this year, driven by strong performers like Nvidia, Apple, and Microsoft. Though earnings for XLK members are projected to increase 43% this year, competing funds like MAGS exhibit lower growth expectations. Analysts also noted improving breadth for the XLF ETF, suggesting potential for sustained positive momentum in tech stocks.

Features:
Rick Rieder, BlackRock's chief investment officer for global fixed income, believes the U.S. economy is positioned to avoid recession, forecasting near 6% nominal GDP growth driven by AI investment. He commented on Kevin Warsh, likely the new Federal Reserve Chair, expecting him to support lower federal-funds rates and reduce communication on policy moves. Rieder anticipates that productivity gains from AI will decrease inflation, further enabling rate cuts, while also questioning efforts to trim the Fed's substantial balance sheet, suggesting economic growth could naturally reduce it by 1% per year. He oversees $2.4T in assets and leads the management of a $16.8B ETF focused on flexible income.
-Semiconductor manufacturers are currently facing a supply crisis due to a helium shortage, which is essential for chip production. Ongoing conflicts in the Middle East have disrupted about one-third of global helium supplies, causing prices to double, reaching $1,000-$1,200 per thousand cubic feet. While efforts are underway to reopen key routes for helium transport, the restoration of supply chains could take 6 to 18 months, with full normalization potentially lasting years. Major chip producers, especially South Korean companies like SK Hynix and Samsung, are highly affected as they source most of their helium from Qatar, now facing operational challenges. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing is also significantly impacted by this disruption.

Europe:
-The European Central Bank (ECB) and the Bank of England (BOE) maintained their interest rates during their recent meetings, reflecting caution amid ongoing geopolitical tensions in the Middle East. The ECB kept borrowing costs steady at 2% for the seventh consecutive meeting, while the BOE held rates at 3.75%, decisions anticipated by market analysts. ECB President Christine Lagarde previously noted that the conflict in Iran adds uncertainty to the inflation outlook, signaling potential rate increases if significant inflation arises from the crisis. Despite an agreement on a cease-fire between Iran and the U.S., the future of energy prices remains uncertain due to shipping disruptions through the Strait of Hormuz, leading central banks to adopt a cautious wait-and-see approach. Market strategist Thierry Wizman highlighted that central banks tend to rely on historical economic data, which may lead them to delay necessary actions. Inflation in the euro area has increased to 2.6% in March from 1.9% in February, with recent surveys indicating rising selling prices and heightened household inflation expectations

Emerging Markets:
-Wars typically harm bonds by damaging infrastructure and increasing commodity demand, leading to inflation pressures that reduce fixed income appeal. Investors, recalling strategies from the 2022 Russia-Ukraine conflict, are selling bonds, anticipating central banks will raise rates due to inflation from the Iran war. However, central banks may hesitate to hike rates because of potential economic growth impacts from commodity supply shocks. Current U.S. economic conditions suggest fewer rate hikes are likely, as net job losses have occurred and pandemic savings have been largely spent, with savings rates low. Commodity importers in developed economies face greater vulnerability, as fuel-price shocks lead to shorter workweeks and output cuts in these regions.

Commodities:
-Oil prices fell on Friday following Iran's new proposal for peace negotiations, which President Donald Trump deemed unsatisfactory. Iran communicated its proposal to U.S. mediators in Pakistan, but Trump expressed discontent, stating, “Iran wants to make a deal because they have no military left essentially, but I’m not satisfied with it.” He also noted that Iran's leadership complicates the negotiation process, saying, “The leadership is very disjointed.” Brent crude oil futures fell by 1.7%, settling at $108.17 per barrel, while West Texas Intermediate (WTI) U.S. futures dropped by 3% to $101.94. Both benchmarks had previously hovered around $110 per barrel, influenced by Trump’s post on Truth Social hinting at possible renewed military actions.

Streetwise:
-Memory prices are experiencing significant increases, noted as “parabolic” by an investment bank, though the term's misuse has surged. The concept of parabolas, typically U-shaped, contradicts the narrative of exponential gains. Micron Technology’s stock has been recommended as a Buy by D.A. Davidson with a target of $1,000, reflecting a substantial price increase of nearly 600% in a year, now valued at around $540. This rise is attributed to expected earnings growth due to shortages and rising demand from AI data centers. D.A. Davidson supports its bullish outlook on Micron by highlighting its leadership in producing new memory types and an extended demand cycle, contrasting it with past cycles where supply and demand dynamics were less favorable.

FT : Inside China’s massive $3tn overseas acquisition spree

Inside China’s massive $3tn overseas acquisition spree

China’s lightspeed economic rise is the global economic story of the last half century. And as MainFT’s China Shock 2.0 series has showcased, they’re not done yet. Last week a paper quietly dropped co-authored by a group of academics and policy types that helps put data meat on the bone as to how exactly technology transfers might have helped China’s latest step up.

Luc Laeven, director general of the ECB’s research department, along with co-authors professor Jenny Bai of Georgetown, and Hong Ru and Yaojun Ke of Nanyang Technological University, assembled a micro-level dataset of 161,773 firms across 159 countries. They then built multi-layered ownership chains to trace capital through offshore tax havens to its ultimate origin — which they reckon account for over 80 per cent of global assets of non-financial firms.

What they found were Chinese investors with around $3.3tn of global corporate assets skewed heavily to Europe (42 per cent of outbound investment) and North America (38 per cent).


Investments were concentrated in knowledge-intensive sectors, and the knowledge-intensity of investment targets intensified following the release of the Made in China 2025 government initiative.

Fine, but don’t we know all this stuff already? Actually no. Almost two-fifths of this investment flowed through at least one tax haven, and standard foreign direct investment statistics just aren’t up to working out that these flows come from China. The authors estimate that almost $800bn of Chinese ownership is taken via the Cayman Islands, accounting for almost half the country’s non-financial corporate assets in the dataset.

So the extent and location of this outbound investment — “a global footprint that is substantially larger and more strategically concentrated than indicated by official FDI statistics” — looks like genuinely new news.

But much much more interesting is what the authors do next.

They interrogate their dataset longitudinally, looking at the behaviour of target firms in the period following their purchase by Chinese private and state-owned enterprises.

And they find that post-acquisition, these firms generally boosted research and development and become more capital intensive. However, this R&D bump was rewarded with a patent bump that was not only infinitesimally small, but also statistically insignificant.

Moreover, profits at the target firms took a hit: average return on assets fell by 1.1 percentage points compared with the control group of non-Chinese owned firms over the same period. Given an average return on assets across non-Chinese owned firms the dataset of only 4 per cent, this hit to profits looks big.


Are Chinese owners just really really bad at managing western firms? Perhaps.

Maybe Chinese head offices were systematically smooth talked into greenlighting western researchers’ passion projects that the firms’ previous owners had effectively resisted? Or maybe Chinese owners shifted research agendas to projects that had much longer pay-offs, denting both short-term patent filings and ROA? Either is possible.

But the authors found something else going on at the Chinese parent that suggests an alternate explanation:

… we find evidence of innovation ‘spillbacks’: while target firms exhibit no increase in patenting, the Chinese parent firms experience a sharp increase in granted patents following their first developed-economy acquisition.

Professor Bai, when Alphaville contacted her, caveated the spillback section of the paper as a work in progress. Duly warned, let’s plug on and look at the data.

By the end of the reporting year in which Chinese firms acquired their first overseas developed market subsidiary, the average number of patents the Chinese parent companies filed had more than trebled. For Chinese state-owned enterprises, the average number of patents filed quadrupled.


The authors don’t, and can’t, establish causation. And the sequencing of the facts they establish — 1) Chinese parent companies splurge out acquiring major stakes in foreign research-intensive firms; 2) acquired foreign firms’ R&D jumps, profits drop, and patents flatline; 3) the Chinese parent enjoys an immediate bonanza in domestic patent filings — could be entirely coincidental.

Moreover, the definition they built around Chinese ownership captures not only those firms wholly-owned by a Chinese parent, but also firms in which a Chinese parent has a stake of at least 10 per cent. And so Bang & Olufsen, the fancy Danish consumer electronics firm, is flagged due to its 15.1 per cent Bermudian shareholder, New Sparkle Roll International Group Limited, which is in turn linked to an ultimate Chinese owner. As is Rio Tinto, the UK mining behemoth, due to its 14 per cent Singaporean shareholder, Shining Prospect PTE LTD, which is in turn linked to the Aluminum Corporation of China, a Chinese SOE.

But it’s easy to nod along with the authors’ interpretation that “China represents a unique state-driven paradigm that accepts substantial short-run performance costs to internalise global technological capacity”.

Especially when, interrogating their dataset to see whether similar patterns show up for other nations’ outbound investments, they find this pattern unique to China.

Investors buying overseas firms with an intention to siphon off profits need to navigate withholding taxes — leaving a slug with foreign tax authorities. Siphoning off pre-patent intellectual property — if this is really what has happened — might be a way to avoid the oversight of foreign governments, turbocharge domestic economic development, and also extract value without paying pesky taxes. Or as the authors put it:

In other words, some of the returns to Chinese acquisitions may appear as home-country innovation rather than as higher patenting in the acquired firms.

The notion that technology transfer is a major rationale for Chinese overseas investment is hardly new. But this systematic, firm-level analysis of the global network of Chinese corporate ownership looks like it has done a good job of exhuming evidence.


>>> What to look at today - 4th of Mayl 2026

Asian shares rallied to near a record as optimism around the artificial intelligence trade and stronger-than-expected earnings from megacap tech companies propelled benchmarks in South Korea and Taiwan to all-time highs. The yen gained. MSCI’s Asian equities index climbed 2.2% to within touching distance of its all-time high set on Feb. 27, which was just before the US-Israel war on Iran began. Gauges in South Korea and Taiwan both advanced more than 4%. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. jumped 6.6% and South Korean chipmaker SK Hynix Inc. surged 11%. Futures for the S&P 500 and the Nasdaq 100 also gained after the Wall Street gauges closed at new highs on Friday on earnings from major tech companies including Apple Inc. Asian markets opened higher after President Donald Trump said the US would begin guiding ships not involved in the Iran conflict through the Strait of Hormuz from Monday. However, a senior Iranian official said Tehran would consider any US interference in the Strait a ceasefire breach, according to an AFP report.  Brent crude whipsawed — initially falling 2.4%, then erasing those losses before trading little changed at about $108 a barrel. The yen strengthened as much as 0.7% Monday after Japan reportedly intervened in the market last week. There’s no cash trading of US Treasuries until New York opens due to holidays in Tokyo and London. Mainland China is also closed. In other corners of the market, gold edged lower to around $4,600 an ounce, while silver traded around $75.75 an ounce. Bitcoin led cryptocurrencies higher, rising 1% to about $79,800. MSCI’s gauge of Asian technology shares surged 4.7% to a record. The latest headlines add to the month-long surge in equities as traders mostly set aside concerns about the economic fallout from the Middle East hostilities, with signs of corporate resilience driving US stocks to their best month since 2020. Efforts to turn a fragile ceasefire into lasting peace combined and signs of US economic strength sent the S&P 500 to its fifth consecutive week of gains. Trump described discussions with Tehran as “very positive” after it received Washington’s response to its latest proposal to end the war. Steps to guide neutral ships out through the Strait of Hormuz could pave the way for smoother energy flows from the Middle East after a near-full blockade for two months. Iran’s proposal called for a complete end to the conflict within 30 days along with guarantees against renewed strikes, the semi-official Tasnim News Agency reported. The plan reiterated Tehran’s earlier demands, including that US forces withdraw from near Iran, a maritime blockade be lifted, sanctions removed and reparations paid, it said.  The S&P 500 Index ended April at highs with about 81% of the benchmark’s companies having beat first-quarter earnings estimates, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. Emerging market equities notched a fresh record high toward the end of April while Asian shares have also recouped their war-driven losses.  Risk-taking went beyond equities, with high-yield credit spreads near multi-year tights and retail traders piling into prediction markets and zero-day options. The rally has held through the war in Iran, oil above $100 a barrel and a Federal Reserve that has signaled rates will stay higher for longer amid elevated energy costs.  

Nikkei +0.38% Hang Seng +1.71% CSI -0.06% Shanghai +0.11% Shenzen +0.13%

Eur$ 1.1731 CNH 6.8215 CNY 6.8289 JPY 156.68 GBP 1.3589 CHF 0.7808 RUB 75.0001 TRY 45.1930 WTI$ 101.49 -0.46% Gold 4;610 -0.10% BTC 80;239 +1.68% ETH 2,388 +2.50%

S&P +0.16% Nasdaq +0.36% EuroStoxx +0.43% FTSE Closed Dax +0.39% SMI +0.25%

Macro :
- US to Hike Tariff Rate on EU Auto Imports to 25%, Trump Says
- Aegon, Barclays Say Prepare for Market Pain: Credit Weekly
- World’s Largest Container Carrier Plans Route Avoiding Hormuz
- US Approves Nearly $9 Billion in Weapons Sales to Mideast States
- Morocco’s Crown Prince Gets Key Army Role in Sign of Elevation
- Trump Ramps Up Pressure on Cuba With Fresh Sanctions Push

Keep an eye on :
- Anthropic IPO : Anthropic Nears $1.5 Billion Joint Venture With Wall Street Firms -- WSJ
- BNOR NO : BlueNord 1Q Revenue Beats Estimates
- BA US : IDF to Acquire Two New F-35, F-15IA Fighter Squadrons: Ministry
- BP/ LN : ENI, BP Adding New Gas Resources in Nile Delta Region: Ministry
- BP/ LN : BP maintained gas production from Shah Deniz at last year's level in the first quarter.
- BRK/A US : BRK/A 1Q Operating Earnings $11.35B Vs. $9.64B Y/y
- Cerebras IPO :AI Chipmaker Cerebras Is Said to Target Up to $4 Billion in IPO
- DIS US : Disney’s New CEO Explores ‘Super App’ for Streaming, Theme Parks
- EMN US : Eastman Chemical Rises as 2Q Adj. EPS View Tops Estimate
- EBAY US : Gamestop Offers to Buy EBay at $125/Share in Cash, Stock Deal
- ENI IM : ENI, BP Adding New Gas Resources in Nile Delta Region: Ministry
- EQT SS : EQT Is Said to Pick Banks to Explore Options for WS Audiology
- F US : Ford CEO Says Company to Offer Range of Affordable New Cars: CBS
- COAG US : Novo-Backed Hemab Soars 89% After Upsized $301.5 Million IPO
- LI US : Li Auto April Vehicle Deliveries 34,085 Units Vs. 33,939 Y/y
- LMT US : US Approves Possible $4b Sale of Patriot Missiles to Qatar
- MRL SM : Merlin will sell offices in Madrid for residential development for 150 million.
- NILB SS : Trimco Offers SEK77/Share in Cash for Nilorngruppen
- ORSTED DC : $1.4B saved: Massachusetts locks in cheaper offshore wind power - Electrek
- ORSTED DC : Trump administration cites national security to widen clampdown on wind farms - FT
- PS US : Pershing Square IPO Investors Post Gain After Free Shares
- RATOB SS : Ratos 1Q EPS SEK0.59
- SAVEQ US : Spirit Airlines Prepares to Shut Down as Rescue Deal Falls Apart -- 3rd Update
- Space X IPO : SpaceX IPO Set to Drive Billions in Tech Stock Sales - The Information
- STM GY : Stabilus 2Q Adjusted Ebit Beats Estimates
- SKAB SS : Skanska Gets €100m Order for Data Center Expansion in Espoo
- TKA GY : Thyssenkrupp, Jindal Steel Pause Talks on Steel Unit Stake
- TTE FP : France’s Lecornu Wants TotalEnergies to Do More on Fuel Price
- UBSG SW : Swiss Lawmakers Gather to Discuss Law That Will Shape UBS Future
- UCB BB : UCB to Acquire Candid Therapeutics in $2.2 Billion Deal
- WLN FP : Worldline Finalizes Sale of Electronic Data Management to SIX
- YAR NO :UAE fertiliser giant resorts to trucks to shift product out of Gulf - FT

>>> Europe : Brokers Upgrades & Downgrades - 4th of May 2026

>>> Up
* Fortum Raised to Equal-Weight at Morgan Stanley; PT 23 euros
* Leroy Raised to Buy at Pareto Securities; PT 50 kroner
* Norsk Hydro Raised to Buy at Pareto Securities; PT 116 kroner

>>> Down
* Incap Cut to Accumulate at Inderes; PT 12 euros
* Komplett Cut to Hold at Nordea
* Sanofi Cut to Equal-Weight at Morgan Stanley; PT 90 euros
* Sanofi ADRs Cut to Equal-Weight at Morgan Stanley; PT $52

>>> Initiation
* IPC Rated New Sector Perform at National Bank; PT 304.87 kronor

>>> Call

>>> Stoxx 600 Pre-Market Indications

  • Umicore (NVJP TH) +6.3%
    • Umicore Set to Gain After Guidance Beats Estimates: Street Wrap
  • STMicro (SGM TH) +4.1%
  • Aalberts (AACA TH) +3.3%
  • Qiagen (QIA TH) +2.6%
  • ASM Intl (AVS TH) +2%
  • CSG NV (NW0 TH) +1.8%
  • Essity (ESWB TH) +1.6%
  • Sabadell (BDSB TH) +1.6%
  • Iberdrola (IBE1 TH) +1.6%
  • UCB (UNC TH) -1.6%
  • Daimler Truck (DTG TH) -2%
  • BP (BPE5 TH) -2.1%
  • OMV (OMV TH) -2.1%
  • Mercedes (MBG TH) -2.2%
    • Trump Vows 25% Tariff on European Autos in Escalating Trade Rift
  • VW (VOW3 TH) -2.2%
    • Trump Vows 25% Tariff on European Autos in Escalating Trade Rift
  • Equinor (DNQ TH) -2.5%
  • AIB Group (A5G TH) -2.6%
  • Porsche (P911 TH) -2.8%
    • Trump Vows 25% Tariff on European Autos in Escalating Trade Rift
  • Thyssenkrupp (TKA TH) -3.7%
    • Thyssenkrupp, Jindal Steel Pause Talks on Steel Unit Stake