FT : US banks face clash over EU regulations

US banks face clash over EU regulations
Requirement to set up European holding companies is at odds with American rules

American banks are warning they will be unable to comply with the EU’s plan to force them to set up European holding companies because the proposals are at odds with existing US regulations.

The EU wrongfooted banks with an eleventh hour amendment to the latest package of European banking regulations, which states that foreign banks must combine their businesses in the bloc into a separately capitalised subsidiary or holding company.
The measure was seen as retaliation for a US rule that came into force this year compelling all banks with more than $50bn in assets to have intermediate holding companies.
It had been expected to come under fire from the banks most affected — like Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, JPMorgan, Citigroup and Bank of America — because it would be costly for them to have capital “trapped” in the EU.
But European policymakers did not foresee the banks’ arguments that the proposals would be impossible for them to comply with because they are barred from combining the investment banking activities of their broker dealers with their commercial and retail operations in a single structure below their parent company.
“US rules require the separation of the corporate [broker-dealer] chain and the bank chain,” said a senior executive at a large US bank. “The key thing in the EU rules is . . . the wording in it is that there’s a single intermediate holding company, that’s pretty problematic.”
An executive at a second US bank said: “Clearly we will argue that it creates conflicts with US legislation and is unnecessary.”
Another industry insider said that the conflict with national rules appeared to take the EU authorities by surprise at a recent meeting between European Commission officials and industry representatives. “They were writing it all down,” he added.
People briefed on the matter said the commission had not, up to this point, seen “any compelling evidence” that the rules would pose problems for US banks. “It’s possible that the concern stems from the extraterritorial scope of US rules,” the people said. “Though we again have no evidence at this stage of this being a major issue.”
They also noted that the planned EU requirements to set up holding companies can be avoided if a bank instead selects a parent operating company from its existing subsidiaries.
The bankers said this would not help. The first executive said: “These are separate chains and cannot by law be mixed and merged below the US holding company level.” The second executive said he could not see how using a subsidiary instead of a holding company “would avoid any incompatibility problems with the US rule”.
The first banker said that the EU rule had been drafted in haste and there was scope to revise some of the technical aspects.
The second banker said the EU proposal “probably has its origins in the frustration and disappointment felt by EU policymakers” over the US rule forcing the biggest overseas lenders to set up separate holding companies.
US banks are hoping they can rely on support to change the rules from some countries that are vying for any business that they will be forced to move out of London as a consequence of Brexit, such as France, Germany and Luxembourg.
Michael Lever, head of prudential regulation at the Association of Financial Markets in Europe, said it was “very early days and members have yet to fully understand all the implications of the proposal”.
“It appears that it is likely to affect banks in different ways depending on how they are structured,” he added. European banks largely support the proposals, since they would make life more difficult for their American rivals.
Bob Penn, a lawyer at Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton, said a similar issue arises for UK banks, who are legally required to “ringfence” their retail banking business from riskier investment banking.
However, a spokeswoman for the commission said officials did not see any “conflict” between the planned EU rules and the UK ringfencing law. Officials at the Bank of England are not believed to be concerned that the EU’s proposals as currently construed would conflict with ringfencing requirements.

FT : Oil majors line up to bid for Mexican deepwater contracts

Oil majors line up to bid for Mexican deepwater contracts
Auctions will test investment appetite in Mexico after Trump victory in US

Some of the world’s best-known oil majors are expected to compete in a long-awaited auction for deepwater contracts in Mexico on Monday that marks a key opening of the country’s energy sector.

ExxonMobil, BP, Royal Dutch Shell and Chevron and China’s Cnooc are set to be among bidders for blocks in the Gulf of Mexico that have been off-limits to private investment for nearly eight decades.

”It is the start of the big oil game” in Mexico, said Pablo Medina, analyst at Wood Mackenzie, an energy consultancy.

The auctions will be the first big test of investment appetite in Mexico since Donald Trump romped to victory in the US election with populist pledges including renegotiating the North American Free Trade Agreement.

His Nafta pledge could, if realised, bump up exploration costs in Mexico if imports of heavy equipment needed for drilling were subjected to tariffs

Mexico has been opening up its energy sector to private investment under a sweeping reform programme and has already tendered shallow-water and onshore blocks in recent months. But the deepwater contracts that will be awarded on Monday are considered the crown jewels of the auction process so far because of the prospects for big discoveries.

Whereas the US side of the Gulf is chock-full with rigs and accounts for 17 per cent of US crude production, the Mexican side is still largely a blank slate.

Mexico is auctioning off four blocks in the Perdido Fold Belt, some 320km south of Texas, that show geological similarities to the US side and are close to important pipeline infrastructure. Six more larger blocks are on offer in the largely unexplored Salina Basin in the south of the Gulf of Mexico.

“If you want to shoot for the stars, that’s the Salina basin,” Juan Carlos Zepeda, head of the National Hydrocarbons Commission (CNH), which is running the tender, told the FT.

Eight individual companies and seven consortiums are expected to take part.

In addition, companies can also bid to partner with Pemex, Mexico’s financially troubled state oil company, in the deepwater Trion field, the first joint-venture in the company’s 78-year history.

Pemex is teaming up on Monday with Chevron and Japan’s Inpex, and has also qualified to bid individually. The CNH has not said which blocks companies are bidding for.

Pedro Joaquín Coldwell, energy minister, said success would be to award four of the 10 fields, which would not start producing for a decade if oil is found.

However Steve Otillar, an oil and gas partner with law firm Akin Gump in Houston, saw the prospect of “virtually all if not all being tendered. There are some great opportunities there and it’s a 10-year window — most people see prices recovering . . . they could be $80 per barrel by then”.

Prospective resources are nearly 11bn barrels of oil equivalent in the Perdido and Salina blocks, and potentially as much as 485m barrels of crude equivalent in Trion, according to the CNH.

While prospective bidders have applauded Mexico for making extensive seismic data available, that data showed the opportunities “are not as obvious as many companies thought”, said a senior official at one international company planning to bid.

Pemex is hoping that the 60 per cent Trion stake will bring in a total of $11bn in investment, while Mr Medina estimated investment of $3bn to $10bn per field in the case of discoveries.

With oil companies’ cash flows squeezed, the auctions come “in a very difficult pricing environment”, albeit “the sector is seeing light at the end of the tunnel”, said an executive at one company that is preparing a bid.

“Most of the ones that pulled out are midsized — they’re the ones that are struggling [in this price environment]. This is going to be a cash flow game,” said a senior official at a major that will take part.

Initially, 26 bidders, between consortiums and individual companies, had pre-qualified for the Perdido and Salina blocks and 10 had lined up for Trion, but a raft of companies, including Noble Energy of the US and Japan’s Mitsubishi Corp, India’s ONGC Videsh, Petrobras of Brazil, PetroCanada and Galp of Portugal, have dropped out.

>>> Barron's : Week-End Summary 34d/4th of December 2016

Barrons weekend update: positive on ARCH 

* Cover story: A federal debt that's nearly $19T leaves less flexibility for the U.S. to fund infrastructure projects, but that doesn't mean they shouldn't be undertaken-failing to do so would be more expensive in the long run because of the affect crumbling infrastructure has on productivity; Historically low rates and the possibility of 100-year bonds should provide incentives for the government to act. 

* Features: 1) Barron's list of the top 10 stock picks for 2017 includes GOOGL, AAPL, C, DAL, Deutsche Telekom, MRK, NVS, TOL, UL, DIS; 2) The lower corporate tax rates the Trump administration plans to impose will help retailers such as TJX and FL more than struggling ones such as GME, AEO, JCP; 3) Positive on ARCH: Coal company emerged from bankruptcy having made significant changes, and should benefit from the shifts in supply and demand as it picks up orders for thermal and metallurgical coal.

* Tech Trader: T's DirectTV NOW "looks to be a great product, but selling 60 channels of live video at close to, or below, cost seems unwise; Less media regulation under the Trump administration could make vertical integration for media companies such as VZ, DIS, VIA, FOXA, DISH an imperative. 

* Trader: Investors are no longer buying stocks whole hog, but are rotating their money from one part of the market to another, keeping a lid on the S&P for now, says Michael Shaoul of Marketfield Asset Management; The recent OPEC deal is a game changer, creating the possibility the oil glut will fade as early as the first quarter of 2017, says MS analyst Evan Calio; The market has accepted that tax cuts are a given under Donald Trump, but Wall Street is trying to figure out how much companies will gain from lower tax rates. 

* Interview: John Levin and Jack Murphy of Levin Capital looks for value-priced stocks with potential catalysts, and they see plenty of opportunities in the market (picks: DOW, DD, Nestle, NOK; pan: XOM). 

* Profile: Jenny Jones, portfolio manager of Hartford Schroders U.S. Small/Mid Cap Opportunities fund, looks for mispriced companies and companies that grow earnings consistently (top 10 holdings: ARMK, PVH, VWR, VNTV, KAR, SPB, ROL, GHC, XRAY, CPHD). 

* Small Caps: Positive on EVC: Broadcaster stands to benefit from a growing Hispanic market in the U.S., and its valuable spectrum holdings could help send shares higher. 

* Follow-Up: "If the past is prologue, the Trump Treasury could go ahead with 50- or 100-year bond sales without further market disruption"; "Double-digit prices for crude oil are here to stay. But $100 crude is likely gone for good, as is OPEC's dominance of the market." 

* European Trader: When it meets on December 8 amid a backdrop of downside risks to economic growth from political uncertainty, the European Central Bank's governing council could signal more quantitative easing. 

* Asian Trader: China Unicom will invite BIDU, BABA, and Tencent to become shareholders, but investors should be cautious about rushing after the threesome into the stock because of Beijing's uncertain role. 

* Emerging Markets: Many emerging markets face a bumpy ride ahead following the presidential election, but countries such as Brazil, India, and Poland have corporate-earnings strength. 

* Commodities: Arabica futures prices fell in November as new data pointed to higher-than-expected supply in the current season, which could weigh on prices through next year. 

* Streetwise: The Trump administration isn't looking like the anti-establishment outfit the president-elect's working-class voters might have expected, but that doesn't matter to investors-especially those holding financial services stocks.

Barron's : Top 10 Stock Picks for 2017 (7 US & 3 European)

Top 10 Stock Picks for 2017
Alphabet, Apple, Citigroup, Delta Airlines, Deutsche Telekom, Disney, Toll Brothers, MErck, and Unilever, Novartis, are among the best bets.

Equity investors face a big choice for 2017. Bet on appreciated “Trump” stocks in the hopes of a stronger economy, or focus on more-defensive sectors. Since the election, economically sensitive stocks, banks, and energy producers have risen, while traditionally defensive groups like consumer stocks and electric utilities have suffered amid concerns about higher rates and inflation.

In selecting our 10 favorite stocks for 2017, we leaned toward laggards rather than chase surging stocks at often-high valuations. Our list includes many familiar companies, including Google parent Alphabet (ticker: GOOG), Apple (AAPL), Citigroup (C), Walt Disney (DIS), Merck (MRK), and Delta Air Lines (DAL).

Eight of the 10 stocks are trailing the Standard & Poor’s 500 index as the year winds down, including three European names— Deutsche Telekom (DTEGY), Novartis (NVS), and Unilever (UL). With European bourses having trailed U.S. markets in 2016, many leading European companies offer good value. And except for Alphabet, all of our picks are valued at less than 20 times estimated 2017 earnings. We use a conservative profit estimate for Alphabet that includes stock compensation.

We’d rather play an improving economy with stocks like Toll Brothers (TOL), Citigroup, and Delta, which trade for about 10 times estimated 2017 earnings, than Caterpillar (CAT), which fetches almost 30 times earnings after a 40% gain this year.

Alphabet is a prime example of the Warren Buffett maxim that it’s far better to “buy a wonderful business at a fair price than a fair business at a wonderful price.” Apple is valued like it could go out of business in a decade or so. The much-discussed challenges at ESPN obscure Disney’s strengths in movies and theme parks. Deutsche Telekom amounts to an appealing sum-of-the-parts story, given its valuable majority stake in T-Mobile US (TMUS). And Unilever has one of the most attractive growth stories among large-cap consumer stocks.

Selecting 10 Favorites each year can be humbling. Our choices from last year have trailed the S&P 500 by more than six percentage points on average, hurt by sizable losses in AMC Networks (AMCX) and CVS Health (CVS); see “2016: We’re Not Sorry to See You Go” at the bottom of this page. We’re hoping to improve on that showing in 2017.

ALPHABET IS ONE of the world’s great businesses, and it’s available at a reasonable price after declining during this year’s market rally. The nonvoting shares trade around $750, or about 23 times projected 2017 earnings of $33 a share. Our 2017 estimate includes the company’s enormous $7 billion of annual stock-based compensation. Alphabet and Wall Street prefer to focus on profits that exclude the stock comp. Using that approach, Alphabet is valued at 18 times estimated 2017 earnings of $41 a share.

Alphabet’s effective valuation is lower since it has almost $80 billion in net cash, or about $115 a share. Much of that is overseas and could be repatriated if favorable tax legislation is passed next year. Moreover, the company is absorbing about $3 billion annually in losses from its “other bets,” like self-driving cars. Chief Financial Officer Ruth Porat gets credit for instilling some financial discipline at the company, but there’s a lot more that can be done.

Despite its size, Alphabet remains an impressive growth company, with revenues and earnings per share expected to rise a robust 17% in 2017.

APPLE REMAINS DOMINANT, but it carries one of the lowest valuations among major technology companies, as investors worry about a litany of issues, including a maturing smartphone market and the lack of a big, needle-moving new product. There’s some basis for these concerns, but they appear to be well discounted in Apple’s share price, which at $110 is just 12 times estimated earnings of $9 a share in the current fiscal year ending in September 2017. The price/earnings ratio is closer to nine when factoring in the company’s $150 billion, or $28 a share, of net cash.

“The Street hates hardware companies and is far too bearish on Apple,” says David Rolfe of Wedgewood Partners, a St. Louis investment manager that counts Apple as one of its largest holdings. Rolfe argues that the iPhone 7 has outperformed low expectations and that investors underappreciate the power of the Apple ecosystem, including an installed iPhone base estimated at 500 million to 600 million. Apple gets little credit for its large and growing services business, including its App Store and Apple Pay. Services generated over $24 billion of revenues in the latest fiscal year at a high profit margin.

CITIGROUP HAS LONG been one of the cheapest of the large financial companies, and that position has solidified this year as its shares have trailed its peers. That could change in 2017 if the bank’s returns continue to increase, helped by rising interest rates.

Citigroup, at $57, has risen 10% in 2017, while rivals, including JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America, and Goldman Sachs Group, are up an average of 25%. Citi has trailed the pack in the postelection rally in financials because investors want U.S.-focused companies like Bank of America. Citi gets almost half its revenues outside of the U.S.

Click charts for larger PDF version


Trading for 90% of its tangible book value, Citigroup is the only megafinancial stock still trading below tangible book. Citi fetches just 11 times projected 2017 profits. Bernstein analyst John McDonald noted recently that Citi trades at a 47% discount to peers on price/tangible book and a 25% discount based on price/earnings.

Citi’s management, led by CEO Michael Corbat, has streamlined operations and boosted returns. The bank’s low dividend yield of 1.1% should rise in 2017, and the bank is on track to buy back 5% or more of its stock in the 12 months ending in mid-2017.

DELTA AIR LINES RUNS like a disciplined industrial company, but it’s still valued like an airline. Its shares, around $49, trade for nine times both 2016 and 2017 estimated earnings. Delta has more than halved its net debt since 2009, to $6 billion, and gained an investment-grade credit rating from Moody’s. Delta pays a dividend of 1.7% and is aggressively repurchasing stock. Total capital returns to shareholders this year should total $3 billion, or 8% of its market value of $35 billion.

An industry leader in both operations and pricing, Delta has segmented its customer base through features such as a cheap, basic economy ticket that doesn’t offer passengers a preassigned seat. By cutting first-class fares, it has made them affordable to many affluent fliers. As a result, more than half of Delta’s first-class and business-class tickets are sold rather than given away as upgrades to frequent fliers.

A couple of factors have grounded the stock this year. Earnings have flattened amid a soft transatlantic market, and oil prices have rallied lately. A bullish scenario for 2017 would include a stronger economy leading to improved unit revenue. Delta management believes that its shares deserve to trade like railroads and other transportation companies, which would result in a stock price of about $100. That may be a stretch, but if Delta gets only halfway there, the stock could be up 50%.

DEUTSCHE TELEKOM HAS DECOUPLED from its most valuable asset, T-Mobile US, during 2016, as its U.S.-listed shares have fallen 13%, to $15.60, while T-Mobile’s stock has surged 40%, to $54. After these moves, Deutsche Telekom’s core European telecom business now is valued at about $9 a share, with roughly $6 attributed to its 65% stake in T-Mobile. The core business trades at a discount to European and U.S. peers, and the stock offers a dividend yield of almost 4%.

The company is the leading integrated wire-line and wireless operator in Germany. Bullish analysts like Mathieu Robilliard of Barclays and Robert Grindle of Deutsche Bank have price targets of about $20.

In T-Mobile, Deutsche Telekom controls one of the most attractive takeover targets in the telecom, media, and cable sector. Comcast is a potential buyer, and T-Mobile could take another shot at merging with Sprint if the antitrust environment thaws under a Trump administration.

MERCK’S OUTLOOK IMPROVED markedly in August with the surprise failure of a clinical trial involving a highly touted drug from Bristol-Myers Squibb. That made Merck’s rival drug, Keytruda, the leading immuno-oncology treatment in the large market for lung cancer, the main cause of U.S. cancer deaths.

After rallying about 5% since the Bristol-Myers setback, Merck still looks attractive, trading at $61, or nearly 16 times projected 2017 earnings of $3.87 a share. The stock yields 3.1%. Merck is a top pick of Bernstein drug analyst Tim Anderson, who sees Keytruda potentially generating over $8 billion in annual sales after 2020, up from about $1.5 billion in 2016. “Immuno-oncology should dominate in 2017,” he says. Merck has a broad franchise, including a strong vaccines business and a leading drug for diabetes.

One promising area for Merck is Alzheimer’s. The area has been a graveyard for drug development, highlighted by a recent failed clinical trial for an Eli Lilly drug. Merck’s leading Alzheimer’s drug to prevent the buildup of potentially disease-causing plaque in the brain works differently than Lilly’s treatment. The drug, Verubecestat, is furthest along in its class and should have Phase 3 trial results in 2017. Anderson says hopes are low for the Merck drug, effectively giving investors a “free call” option on what could be a blockbuster drug.

NOVARTIS IS A WIDELY diversified drug company that now trades for under 14 times estimated 2017 earnings of $4.97 a share. The Swiss pharmaceutical giant’s U.S.-listed shares trade around $68 and yield more than 3%. The company is another top pick of Bernstein’s Anderson, who thinks that Novartis can generate 10% compounded annual growth in earnings per share over the next five years. He notes that Novartis is valued at only a small premium to Pfizer and French drug company Sanofi, which have weaker outlooks.

Novartis is down 21% this year, making it one of the worst performers in Big Pharma, amid shortfalls at its Alcon eye-care business and a slower-than-expected launch of its new heart-failure drug Entresto. Anderson isn’t fazed by the issue, projecting that Entresto will become a blockbuster with about $3 billion in annual sales by 2020, up from about $200 million this year.

Novartis gets 25% of its sales from high-growth emerging markets, among the best of its peers, and it’s less dependent on U.S. pricing increases for higher earnings. It has a large generics business, including one of the best biosimilar operations. Anderson calls the Alcon and Entresto problems “fixable” and says Novartis has an underappreciated drug pipeline. He carries a Buy rating and $89 price target on the U.S. shares.

TOLL BROTHERS AND OTHER home builders haven’t participated in the recent rally in economically sensitive stocks, as investors worry about a peak in the housing cycle and higher interest rates—even though single-family home construction is restrained by historical standards and modest interest-rate increases usually haven’t done much to depress housing.

Toll Brothers, the leading maker of luxury homes, looks inexpensively priced at about $29, or less than 10 times projected earnings of $3.12 a share in the year ending in October 2017. (Toll will report fiscal-2016 results on Dec. 6.) Earnings are expected to be up 20% in the current year. Toll trades for just 1.2 times its most recent book value and at its projected year-end 2017 book of $29. Toll repurchased 7% of its shares in the first three quarters of the recent fiscal year.

With its luxury focus, Toll is the most differentiated of the major home builders. Its average home price of $860,000 is double that of its major rivals, which tend to focus on first-time buyers in Sunbelt markets.

Of concern is Toll’s New York–focused condo business, which generated almost 20% of its earnings this year. The New York luxury condo market has been soft, but Toll insists that its projects are doing OK. Those fears give investors a chance to buy one of the country’s best home builders at around liquidation value.

UNILEVER’S U.S.-LISTED SHARES look appealing after a 20% drop from a September high, driven by mildly disappointing third-quarter results, a stronger dollar, and the rotation into cyclical stocks. The third-largest consumer-products company in the world behind Procter & Gamble and Nestlé, Unilever isn’t as well known to U.S. investors but probably has a better outlook than P&G, thanks to its exposure to high-growth emerging markets, where it gets about 60% of its revenues. Its brands include Dove, Hellmann’s mayonnaise, Lipton Tea, and Ben and Jerry’s ice cream.

Unilever isn’t cheap at $39, or 18 times projected 2017 earnings, but it trades at a discount to its peers. The shares yield 3.6%. An Anglo-Dutch company like Royal Dutch Shell, Unilever has two U.S.-listed shares, tickered UN and UL. We prefer UL, which is based on the United Kingdom shares and has no withholding tax on the dividends.

Under CEO Paul Polman, the company has kept a tight rein on costs and emphasized higher-growth household products like soap and laundry detergent over food. “We believe that Unilever can deliver strong and consistent operating performance,” wrote Bernstein analyst Andrew Wood in a recent client note. He sees nearly 5% sales growth and a 9% gain in earnings per share in 2017. His price target is about 30% above the current share price.

WALT DISNEY IS A CONSUMER and media powerhouse with one of the world’s best brands. The shares, down 6% this year, to $99, don’t reflect its strengths in movies, theme parks, consumer products, and cable television.

Investors worry about the impact of cord-cutting and higher sports-programming costs on Disney’s ESPN, but both of those issues look manageable, and ESPN is far from everything at Disney, accounting for an estimated 35% of total earnings. “What distinguishes Disney is the quality of its content and the way consumers associate that content with Disney,” says Anthony DiClemente, an equity analyst at Nomura/Instinet who carries a Buy rating at a $110 price target on the shares. Disney faces a well-advertised profit lull in its current fiscal year ending in September 2017, when earnings per share may grow just 4% after an 11% rise in fiscal 2016. This fiscal year, it will be lapping the huge profits it had in its studio division last year, when it had four films that each grossed over $1 billion at the box office.

DiClemente sees a resumption of double-digit profit growth in fiscal 2018, as the studio churns out four Marvel movies, three animated features from Disney and Pixar, and two Star Wars films. Disney shares now trade for a reasonable 15 times that 2018 estimate. There’s also the possibility of a dramatic corporate event like a purchase of Netflix, or a scenario tossed out recently by media mogul John Malone, who said Disney could be sold to Apple after spinning off or selling ESPN. Farfetched? Probably. Impossible? No.

2016: We’re Not Sorry to See You Go
Our 2016 picks underperformed the market, especially two of them. The worst performer by far was AMC Networks (ticker: AMCX), best known for its wholly owned horror series The Walking Dead. It’s a long-running hit with a new companion series. But more zombies haven’t brought more earnings, and there are signs that interest in the franchise is waning. Other new shows haven’t quite taken off, and in an industry already spooked by cord-cutting, investors have run away screaming. Shares are down 33%.


CVS Health (CVS) bought little relief, losing 20%. The company says it will probably fill 40 million fewer prescriptions next year on the loss of two big customers.

On average, our picks lost 1.6%, versus a 4.8% gain for the Standard & Poor’s 500 index. Bright spots include credit-card lender Discover Financial Services (DFS), up 21%; retailer Foot Locker (FL), up 12%; and biotech company Celgene (CELG), up 8%. Four of our picks beat the market—but winning on four out of 10 attempts is better known as losing.

Barron's : A Prolonged Stimulus Could Boost Bank Stocks

A Prolonged Stimulus Could Boost Bank Stocks
Even some of the Continent’s perceived stronger banks are trading well below tangible book value.

Is the European Central Bank really going to begin tapering—scaling back monetary stimulus—as planned?

At the moment, the ECB is spending 80 billion euros ($85 billion) each month in an asset-purchase program that includes bonds issued by central, regional, and local governments and euro-denominated corporate debt rated at a minimum of BBB-. The program, launched in 2014 but expanded in 2015 and 2016, is scheduled to run through the end of March 2017.

Against a backdrop of downside risks to economic growth from political uncertainty and the weakening credit impulse, however, the ECB’s Governing Council could signal an extension to quantitative easing when it convenes Dec. 8.

It could extend the asset-purchase program by three months, though six months seems more likely, taking it through to the end of September. Some analysts speculate that the program could be extended by nine to 12 months and the monthly spending reduced to €60 billion, but that seems unlikely. “Any reduction in the pace of buying would be risky at this stage,” note economists at Bank of America Merrill Lynch.

IMPORTANTLY, A REDUCTION in monthly spending won’t address one of the fundamental problems—scarcity. Germany’s national central bank, the Bundesbank, is having a tough time finding assets to buy. Each euro-zone member’s central bank makes purchases on behalf of the ECB proportionate to the size of its economy, a system known as the capital key. Germany’s economy is Europe’s largest, so its purchases are bigger than the others.

The Bundesbank has accumulated for the ECB a hoard of German government bonds, known as Bunds, worth more than €273 billion. But under the terms of the ECB program, it is running out of eligible assets to buy—a problem that could get worse. The squeeze has helped to drive up bond prices and forced yields lower. On Friday, the yield on German 10-year Bunds was 0.33%, down from 0.68% 12 months ago.

At this week’s meeting, the Governing Council could tweak the eligibility criteria to deepen the pool of assets in order to ensure that there are enough bonds to buy. It could adjust the capital key, reducing Germany’s share; increase the cap on the size of a holding in any particular bond from the current 33% limit; and allow the purchase of assets that yield below the ECB deposit facility rate, currently minus 0.4%.

That would give the Bundesbank a bit more wiggle room for purchasing, but it may have to increase its purchase of bonds issued by supranational organizations like the European Investment Bank to meet even a reduced quota.

“We think the ECB will still be buying €80 billion of assets this time next year,” write economists at Credit Suisse. “Because what really matters is not the date that forward guidance is contingent upon, but the state it is contingent upon: underlying inflation. And that, in our view, is going nowhere.”

FUELED BY OIL PRICES and comparison with an unusually low reading, euro-zone consumer price inflation in November edged up to 0.6% from 0.5% the previous month, a modest improvement but still a long way from the ECB’s targeted rate of close to 2%. Meanwhile, core inflation—which excludes items whose prices can be volatile, like food and energy—is stuck at 0.8%, the average reading for the past two years.

It seems highly unlikely that inflation is going to rise sufficiently through the end of September, and with German elections due in the fall, the ECB is unlikely to want to make any policy adjustments at that time.

Italian elections in early 2018 are another marker to avoid, although polls could be held earlier than that date, depending on the outcome of Sunday’s constitutional referendum there.

Edouard Senechal, Dynamic Allocation Strategies team senior analyst at William Blair, will be closely monitoring the ECB meeting. The firm remains long on “fundamentally attractive” European equities and recently initiated a long position in European financial stocks, he says.

European banks are appealing from a valuation perspective, and the ECB needs them to implement monetary policy, Senechal says.

“Given the ECB needs the banks in order to conduct its monetary policy, we believe it will help restore bank profitability,” he says. “That’s why in regulatory discussions, for example, key ECB officials have repeatedly stated that for the banking sector as a whole, capital requirements will not increase.”

The bank subsector of the Stoxx Europe 600 index is down 19% year to date, and even some of the Continent’s perceived stronger institutions are trading well below tangible book value, the preferred measure for assessing their worth.

wsj : Hedge-Fund Firm Moore Capital Cuts Management Fee on Largest Fund

Hedge-Fund Firm Moore Capital Cuts Management Fee on Largest Fund
Macro Managers fund at billionaire Louis Bacon’s firm has faced ‘disappointing negative return year-to-date’

Moore Capital Management, the hedge-fund firm run by billionaire Louis Bacon, has cut charges for investors in its biggest fund.

The New York-based firm, one of the industry’s best-known with $14 billion in assets, said in a letter to investors reviewed by The Wall Street Journal that it would cut the management fee on its $7.5 billion Macro Managers fund to 2.5% from 3%. The move is “a reflection of our sensitivity to changes in the industry as a whole,” the firm said in the letter.

The cut, which will come into effect from January, comes near the end of a tough year for the Macro Managers fund. After large losses in January and February, the fund is down 3.8% in the first 10 months of the year.


The fund “has experienced a disappointing negative return year-to-date,” Mr. Bacon wrote in the letter. Hedge funds on average are up 3.6% to the end of October, according to Chicago-based data group HFR.

A spokesman for Moore Capital declined to comment.

The move comes as hedge funds face mounting pressure to lower the amount they charge investors in the face of diminishing returns.

In September, the Journal reported that Brevan Howard Asset Management LLP, one of the world’s biggest funds, planned to charge 0% management fees for some investors.

Hedge funds have typically charged investors a 2% management fee and a 20% performance fee, with some superstar managers able to bill more. But that model has been under pressure.

Moore Capital’s Mr. Bacon said he was “for the first time in several years exceedingly upbeat about the game-changing trading opportunities that lie ahead”.

“By reducing the management fee, we hope to maintain a stable asset base to capitalize on the many trading opportunities in the current environment,” he said.

WSJ : Apple Drops Hints About Autonomous-Vehicle Project

Apple Drops Hints About Autonomous-Vehicle Project
In letter to U.S. transportation regulators, Apple said it is investing heavily in machine learning and automation

Apple Inc. took its biggest step toward acknowledging it is working on autonomous vehicles, writing a letter to U.S. regulators offering feedback on proposed guidelines for the emerging technology.

The letter from Steve Kenner, Apple’s director of product integrity, to the head of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration offered no details on the project, but said Apple “is investing heavily in the study of machine learning and automation, and is excited about the potential of automated systems in many areas, including transportation.”

Cupertino, Calif.-based Apple has been working on its car effort, code-named Project Titan, for several years, but has never publicly acknowledged it. The secrecy has made the exact status of Project Titan hard to pinpoint. The Wall Street Journal reported in September that Apple had restructured some elements of the project, which has had several hundred employees working on it, after placing it under veteran Apple executive Bob Mansfield in July.

Apple has looked at doing an entire car, but more recently its focus has narrowed to developing an autonomous-driving system and software. Focusing on software is more in line with the company’s historic expertise and fits its efforts to improve machine-learning capabilities that allow computers to adjust their behavior without being explicitly programmed.

Apple’s five-page letter, dated Nov. 22, appears on the NHTSA website. It isn’t clear when it was posted.

“We’ve provided comments to NHTSA because Apple is investing heavily in machine learning and autonomous systems,” Apple spokesman Tom Neumayr said Friday. “There are many potential applications for these technologies, including the future of transportation, so we want to work with NHTSA to help define the best practices for the industry.”

The letter comes as the Obama administration rushes to put guidelines in place to help guide self-driving development. Alphabet Inc.’s self-driving project had already collected more than 2 million miles of public-roadway testing and General Motors Co. this year competed a $1 billion deal to acquire Cruise Automation to jump start its autonomous vehicle program.

In the letter to NHTSA, Apple called on the regulator to work quickly to adopt new safety rules and process requests for exemptions from existing traffic rules. Mr. Kenner said by “improving regulatory flexibility,” the agency would foster more innovation and encourage “the development of life-saving technology.”

Not surprisingly, the letter showed Apple’s autonomous-vehicle ambitions go beyond the U.S. Mr. Kenner encouraged the agency to work with international groups such as the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe and others to develop a “harmonized approach to automated vehicles.”

FT : Italian referendum: 5 things to watch out for

Italian referendum: 5 things to watch out for
A rejection of Renzi’s measures risks political instability and market turmoil

When Italians head to the voting booths on Sunday for a referendum on constitutional reform, the stakes are high.

If the measures — championed by prime minister Matteo Renzi — are rejected, Mr Renzi would likely resign, plunging the country into a new period of political instability. There are concerns this might trigger market turmoil, hitting Italy’s vulnerable banks. It could also represent a new setback for the EU, since the prime minister’s opponents are dominated by anti-establishment forces.

The latest polling published two weeks ago showed the Yes camp trailing by a few percentage points, but we have been flying blind since. Voting will be open between 7am and 11pm local time on Sunday, with the results likely to be revealed early on Monday.

Here are five things to watch for:

1. Turnout

On the campaign trail two weeks ago, Mr Renzi shed some light on his strategy, saying that if turnout reaches 60 per cent of eligible voters, his Yes camp would prevail. His statement is based on the premise — which may be wishful thinking — that opposition to the reforms is vocal but shallow, while support is quiet but deep.

A 60 per cent turnout is not an implausible goal. It would be just above the 58 per cent turnout in the 2014 European elections, and well shy of the 75 per cent turnout in the 2013 parliamentary elections. We will have some clues as to whether Mr Renzi is reaching his target throughout the day, as the interior ministry releases interim turnout statistics at 12pm and 7pm local time.

In 2014, turnout at noon was nearly 17 per cent, and in the evening it was 41 per cent, so Mr Renzi would want significantly higher numbers.

2. Italian abroad

If the race is tight, it is Italians expats who might clinch it for the prime minister. About 1.6m Italians out of 4m registered abroad have been able to vote by post, and their support has been vigorously courted. Members of Mr Renzi’s cabinet have flown out to all corners of the earth, including Argentina, to rally Italians overseas. Opposition parties, including the Five Star Movement leader Luigi Di Maio, have done so as well.

Italians abroad are expected to back the Yes side: while once upon a time they were mainly centre-right voters, they have in the past two decades swung to Mr Renzi’s Democratic party, amid disappointment and embarrassment at the scandals engulfing Silvio Berlusconi.

The foreign vote has been the subject of controversy in recent days, with opposition members saying it was rife with fraud and favouritism towards the government. Mr Renzi has rejected the claims.

3. Shy voters

For all of the heated political debate in Italian piazzas, cafés, and television shows, there has been a constant refrain in the history of the country’s elections: people do not necessarily tip their hand in terms of who they will vote for.

During the cold war years, it was the Christian Democratic party that seemed to benefit from those shy supporters who keep quiet about their choice because they do not think it is popular — then vote in the secrecy of the polling booth.

Over the past two decades, Mr Berlusconi seemed to ride the wave of that mysterious force. Mr Renzi’s campaign, too, is hoping for a comeback victory on the back of the “silent majority” of moderate, centrist Italians.

4. Exit polls

If the result is an absolute blowout, one can probably trust the exit polls, which will be released as soon as precincts close and begin sending their results to the interior ministry on Sunday night.

But otherwise, it would be unwise to make any assumptions based on the exit polls. Not only were they unreliable in both the Brexit vote and the US election, they also have a history of big misses in Italy.

In the 2014 European election, they underestimated the strength of Mr Renzi’s Democratic party, pinning his share of the vote at 33 per cent, compared to the actual 41 per cent. In 2013, they overestimated the strength of the PD, and underplayed the comeback of Silvio Berlusconi’s Forza Italia party.

5. The swing regions

It is no accident that Mr Renzi spent a big chunk of the final 24 hours of his campaign in southern Italy, with stops in Naples, Palermo and Reggio Calabria. The south has emerged as the swing region of this referendum and the place where the Yes camp has trailed the most.

Renzi campaign officials believe that if they narrow the gap to hang on in the Mezzogiorno, they can then take advantage of their strength in central and northwestern Italy to win the contest overall. They are partly counting on apathy towards politics in the south to work in their favour: if many potential “no” voters don’t show up, it could help their cause.

One wild card is the more prosperous north-east, where the Northern League is extremely strong, and anti-immigrant sentiment runs deep. Opponents of Mr Renzi believe that this is another area of weakness for the Yes camp, which could swing the contest in their favour.