Le Monde : Le retour en grâce d’Erik Prince, fondateur de Blackwater

Le retour en grâce d’Erik Prince, fondateur de Blackwater
L’ancien PDG de « l’armée privée la plus puissante du monde » reprend son business de la guerre et de la sécurité à travers son entreprise Vectus Global, prônant sans ambages une nouvelle forme de colonialisme dans les Etats rongés par la corruption.

Erik Prince est de retour. A Haïti ou au Salvador en passant par le Pérou, l’Equateur et jusqu’à la République démocratique du Congo (RDC) ; de la lutte contre le trafic de drogue, l’expulsion de migrants illégaux, la guerre contre les groupes armés non étatiques ou la sécurisation de carrés miniers en Afrique, l’ancien PDG et fondateur de la société de sécurité privée Blackwater multiplie les apparitions depuis la réélection, fin 2024, de son meilleur allié à la Maison Blanche, Donald Trump, dont il est un ardent supporteur.

Certes, ce n’est plus le flamboiement d’il y a une vingtaine d’années. L’ancien militaire du commando d’élite de la marine américaine, les Navy Seals (acronyme de Sea, Air, Land : « mer, air et terre »), héritier d’une riche famille établie sur les rives du lac Michigan, dirigeait alors Blackwater – rebaptisée depuis Academi –, « l’armée privée la plus puissante du monde », pour reprendre le titre du livre enquête de Jeremy Scahill (éd. Actes Sud, 2008).

C’étaient les années de présidence de George W. Bush (2001-2009), celles de la privatisation de la défense américaine menée tambour battant par le secrétaire à la défense de l’époque, Donald Rumsfeld. En 2006, trois ans après l’invasion de l’Irak par les forces américaines, il y avait là presque autant de contractuels que de GI engagés dans « la guerre contre la terreur ». Blackwater comptait plus de 20 000 employés et autant de réservistes.

Puis Erik Prince fut contraint de revendre son fleuron après la tuerie de la place Nisour, en 2007, au cours de laquelle 17 civils innocents tombèrent à un carrefour sous les balles des mercenaires de Blackwater escortant un convoi de l’ambassade américaine à Bagdad. Les quatre contractuels impliqués dans la fusillade, jugés et condamnés à leur retour aux Etats-Unis, ont ensuite été graciés par… Donald Trump à la fin de son premier mandat.

Dorénavant, Vectus Global, la tête de pont du système Erik Prince, ne compterait que quelques dizaines d’employés permanents. Mais l’entreprise chapeaute une myriade de sociétés de sécurité, dont certaines enregistrées dans les Emirats arabes unis. Si l’architecture légale a changé, le secteur d’activité est le même : le business de la guerre et de la sécurité, source de profits financiers là où les Etats faibles vacillent. Et, à l’entendre, un certain nombre d’Etats africains entrent dans ce cadre.

Pallier la faillite sécuritaire
Le 15 février, sur son podcast « Off Leash », Erik Prince jugeait qu’« il est temps [pour les Etats-Unis] d’endosser de nouveau le costume impérialiste et de dire que l’on va gouverner ces pays incapables de le faire eux-mêmes (…) tous ces gouvernements africains qui ne pensent qu’à piller et se remplir les poches ». Interrogé pour savoir s’il prônait une nouvelle forme de colonialisme, il répondait : « Oui, absolument oui. »

Pourquoi pas la RDC ? Etat faible rongé par la corruption, pays immense déstabilisé par des années de guerre civile mais aux richesses minérales considérables, il a de quoi aiguiser les nouvelles ambitions du « civilian warrior » (« guerrier civil »), tel qu’il se définit lui-même. D’autant qu’il n’est pas là en terre inconnue. Il y a développé des affaires en 2015 dans le domaine de la logistique, au service d’entreprises minières chinoises qui dominent le secteur, ainsi que dans le domaine diamantifère au Kasaï, selon plusieurs sources.

C’est en 2023 que son nom commence vraiment à circuler, dans le contexte guerrier de la résurgence, après dix ans de sommeil, du Mouvement du 23 mars (M23). Constitué autour de membres de la communauté tutsi de l’extrême est du Congo disant se battre pour la défense de leurs droits bafoués, cette rébellion congolaise ne serait probablement rien sans le soutien stratégique, physique, technologique et financier du Rwanda voisin. Face à eux, les Forces armées congolaises et leurs milices alliées n’ont fait que reculer.

D’où l’idée de Kinshasa de faire appel à des intervenants étrangers pour pallier sa faillite sécuritaire. Erik Prince se met alors sur les rangs. « Les autorités congolaises ont planifié l’envoi de 2 500 contractuels originaires de Colombie, du Mexique et d’Argentine au Nord-Kivu pour stopper l’avancée du M23 et sécuriser les zones minières dans l’Est [conformément à] un accord conclu entre la RDC et les Emirats arabes unis », écrit, en décembre 2023, le groupe d’expert des Nations unies sur la RDC.

Six mois plus tard, ils précisent leur propos, affirmant qu’Erik Prince dirige les négociations pour ce déploiement – à l’époque de Blackwater, déjà, le sous-continent américain constituait son principal vivier de contractuels. Le projet serait alors soutenu par Kahumbu Mangungu Bula, alias Kao, conseiller personnel à la sécurité du président Félix Tshisekedi, et « l’un des hommes clés des relations avec les Etats-Unis », glisse un membre du sérail présidentiel congolais. Les Emirats arabes unis, pays dans lequel Erik Prince a rebondi après avoir précipitamment quitté les Etats-Unis en 2010, ont démenti leur implication.

« Police des mines »
Ce projet n’avait pas eu de suite. Les seuls contractuels alors déployés au Nord-Kivu étaient ceux d’Agemira, société fondée par le Français Olivier Bazin et recrutant essentiellement d’anciens militaires français, travaillant main dans la main avec les Roumains de l’entreprise Congo Protection. Mais l’effondrement de toute l’architecture sécuritaire congolaise étrangère dans l’est du pays, à partir de fin 2024, va libérer le terrain pour Erik Prince.

En décembre 2024, Kinshasa conclut un contrat de cinq ans avec lui par le biais d’un système complexe d’entreprises dont certaines sont implantées aux Emirats arabes unis. « Ce contrat comporte deux volets. L’un minier, l’autre sécuritaire. Le premier permettant de financer le second », explique une très bonne source. Autrement dit, une déclinaison de la politique de Donald Trump, adepte des « deals » business contre sécurité sur la scène internationale.

Dans le cas précis de la RDC, Washington négocie depuis plusieurs mois avec Kinshasa la contrepartie économique – dans le domaine des minerais stratégiques essentiellement – de son engagement pour aboutir à un accord de paix durable dans l’est du pays et le garantir.

Erik Prince ne dit rien d’autre. Selon les experts de l’Organisation des Nations unies, il propose de « sécuriser le Nord-Kivu, le Sud-Kivu et l’Ituri [trois provinces de l’est de la RDC] grâce à la formation et au déploiement de troupes au sol et à l’exploitation de moyens aériens, y compris des drones armés ».

La partie financière repose sur la mise en place d’une « police des mines » chargée de percevoir des recettes fiscales auprès des miniers. « Nous mettons sur pied une brigade financière en apportant l’expertise nécessaire, en améliorant les compétences des forces de l’ordre locales dans leur lutte contre le trafic [l’exportation illégale de minerais] et la fraude fiscale », confirme Erik Prince dans un entretien publié, le 11 septembre, par l’hebdomadaire français Le Point.

« Une tour de Babel »
Selon un élu congolais originaire de l’Est, recoupé par d’autres témoignages, « une centaine de contractuels armés sud-américains ont été vus, au mois de juillet, à bord de véhicules de l’armée congolaise dans les rues de Walikale ainsi que sur le tarmac de l’aéroport de Kisangani ». « Ils étaient peut-être là pour sécuriser les installations d’Alphamin », avance-t-il. Cette société exploite l’important gisement d’étain de Bisie (6 % de l’offre mondiale en 2024, 3e mine au monde en termes de production), sur le territoire administratif de Walikale.

Alphamin avait suspendu temporairement son activité en mars, jusqu’au retrait, « sous pression américaine », du M23 de Walikale, confiait alors au Monde un dirigeant du M23. Détenue jusqu’à récemment par un fonds d’investissement anglo-américain, Alphamin Resources Corp est en cours de rachat par un groupe émirati, International Resources Holding.

« Rien ne dit que ces Sud-Américains sont là dans le cadre du contrat d’Erik Prince. Une partie de l’Est non contrôlée par le M23, et Kisangani, est devenue une tour de Babel avec des contractuels slaves, sud-américains, turcs, est-européens, israéliens… sans parler des Forces armées congolaises. On ne sait pas qui fait quoi », explique un observateur étranger statutairement astreint à l’anonymat, de retour de cette ville clé qui verrouille l’accès à Kinshasa, beaucoup plus loin à l’ouest. « Mais ce n’est pas exclu » qu’ils soient envoyés par le chef de Vectus Global, ajoute-t-il.

Drones armés contre les gangs
Un ministre congolais affirme quant à lui que « le contrat d’Erik Prince auprès des miniers porte sur des activités au Katanga, pas les Kivus ». Situé au sud de la RDC, le Katanga est le coffre-fort minier du pays. Là où se situent les principaux gisements de cuivre et de cobalt exploités essentiellement par des entreprises chinoises. Erik Prince aurait promis aux autorités congolaises de faire rentrer dans les caisses du pays les recettes fiscales que les miniers rechigneraient à payer, tout en se servant au passage. D’où cette proposition de « police des mines ».

« Vous pensez qu’on les fera payer en frappant gentiment à leurs portes ? », demandait Erik Prince dans une autre vidéo, postée sur X. Sous-entendu : la manière forte est le meilleur moyen pour collecter les taxes des récalcitrants. « Pour le moment, il n’y a rien de concret », relativise le ministre congolais précité. Les termes de l’accord conclu avec Kinshasa seraient très génériques. C. S., un Franco-Américain voulant garder son anonymat, s’occupe pourtant à Kinshasa du volet sécuritaire du contrat, qu’une de nos sources évalue à 800 millions de dollars (680 millions d’euros).

Ce « modèle » économique est globalement celui qu’il met en place à Haïti. Là, l’ancien patron de Blackwater dit avoir conclu, en mars, un accord de dix ans avec les autorités de cette île des Caraïbes, mise en coupe réglée par des gangs armés. Dans une interview donnée mi-août à l’agence de presse Reuters, il se fixait comme objectif de stabiliser la sécurité du pays avant de participer à la conception et la mise en place d’un système de collecte des taxes sur les produits importés en Haïti depuis la République dominicaine.

Il ponctionnera une partie des recettes douanières en échange de son « expertise » sécuritaire. Sa marque de fabrique ? L’utilisation de drones armés contre les gangs. Selon un rapport des Nations unies, 233 membres de gangs ont ainsi été éliminés en avril et en mai, ainsi que trois civils. « Le modèle Erik Prince se caractérise par sa participation aux combats, la congruence avec les activités minières, l’opacité de ses opérations », explique Djenabou Cissé, spécialiste des entreprises de services de sécurité et de défense en Afrique au sein de la Fondation pour la recherche stratégique.

« Sans oublier, ajoute-t-elle, les liens avec l’administration américaine. » Issu d’une famille historiquement républicaine et ultraconservatrice, Erik Prince s’est d’ailleurs souvent vanté de sa proximité avec l’entourage de Donald Trump. Parmi ses proches, tout particulièrement ceux du deuxième mandat, figurent deux poids lourds de la sécurité américaine : le secrétaire à la défense Pete Hegseth et la directrice du renseignement national Tulsi Gabbard.

Le Monde : Les étrangers adorent la France… mais ont toujours du mal avec les Fr

Les étrangers adorent la France… mais ont toujours du mal avec les Français
Si la France séduit par sa culture et son art de vivre, les Français eux-mêmes restent souvent mal appréciés et caricaturés en peuple arrogant et impoli. Une ambivalence qui interroge le bien-fondé des sentiments antifrançais à l’étranger.

Avec légèreté ou sans détour, bien des Occidentaux nourrissent à l’égard des Français une forme d’agacement tenace – une antipathie que la France, dans sa superbe, feint souvent de ne pas entendre. Sous-estimée dans l’Hexagone, cette réalité devient tangible pour ceux qui voyagent et entendent des remarques devenues presque banales comme : « Je t’aime bien, tu ne fais pas français. » Une expérience suffisamment répandue évoquée sur les forums communautaires comme les américains Reddit ou Quora.

Pourtant, la culture française continue de séduire le monde occidental. Avec 32 millions de tickets vendus à l’international, la France est aujourd’hui le premier exportateur de films non anglophones. Sur le service de streaming Spotify, les écoutes de la musique francophone ont bondi de 94 % depuis 2019. Et en 2023, LVMH, suivi de près par Hermès et Dior, a enregistré un chiffre d’affaires dépassant les 86 milliards d’euros, confirmant le règne mondial du luxe français. Cette même année, la France a accueilli le plus de touristes au monde : environ 100 millions de personnes, dont plus de 6 millions ont visité le Musée du Louvre. Autrement dit, si les Français n’ont pas une bonne image à l’international, ce n’est pas la faute de la culture française, mais plutôt des caractéristiques et des comportements qui leur sont associés en tant qu’individus.

Dans certaines cultures, l’antipathie envers les Français est une quasi-tradition. Dès la guerre de Cent Ans, au Moyen Age, les Anglais les caricaturent en chevaliers vantards et arrogants. Dans Henri V (1599), Shakespeare prolonge ce stéréotype : à la veille de la bataille d’Azincourt, que les Français finiront par perdre, le connétable et le dauphin Louis s’attardent longuement sur la prestance de leurs armures et la noblesse de leurs chevaux. Sous Louis XIV, le moraliste Jean de La Bruyère dénonce lui-même l’artificialité des mœurs françaises. Cette condamnation du paraître se diffuse largement en Europe, en même temps que les protestants, acculés à l’exil.

Décadence et chaos
Au siècle suivant, Ignacy Krasicki reprend cette critique dans le poème polonais La Femme à la mode (1779), où l’imitation du style de vie français mène les personnages à la décadence morale. A la Révolution, les premiers insurgés deviennent aux yeux des monarchies européennes des semeurs de chaos, prêts à exporter leur fièvre. Puis, l’ambition militaire de Napoléon, à la fin du XVIIIe siècle, renforce l’image d’une nation prétentieuse et belliqueuse.

C’est au XXe siècle que les stéréotypes contemporains se durcissent. La défaite face à l’Allemagne nazie en 1940 – souvent réduite, à tort, à une reddition facile – alimente l’idée d’un peuple à la fois hautain et lâche, bientôt moqué dans la presse européenne puis dans des blagues récurrentes, reprises aujourd’hui par les séries animées américaines Les Simpson ou Les Griffin (Family Guy).

Ces représentations ne relèvent pas que du passé. Après le refus de participer à la guerre en Irak en 2003, les Français sont perçus comme déloyaux, et certains restaurateurs américains rebaptisent leurs frites, French fries en anglais, en « freedom fries », frites de la liberté. Interrogé en 2020 par le magazine britannique The Face, le propriétaire de Firehouse BBQ en Alaska, qui continue de vendre des « freedom fries », résume simplement : « Je n’ai jamais été fan des Français. (…) Je ne les aime pas. »

Ce sentiment est largement partagé. Des tests de complétion de phrases, publiés dans la revue scientifique Corela en 2012, ont révélé que l’adjectif le plus fréquemment choisi par les participants britanniques (38 %) pour terminer la phrase « Les Français sont… » était « impolis » (« rude »). Pour la phrase « Elle est française, mais… », la réponse la plus courante (19 %) était « elle n’est pas si terrible que ça » (« she’s not that bad »). Pourtant, dans les pays anglo-saxons, l’hostilité s’accompagne d’un apprentissage très répandu de la langue de Molière, marquant là encore une différence dans la valorisation de ce qui relève de la culture française et de la population.

La boulangère et la fleuriste
Si l’histoire des stéréotypes sur les Français est riche, encore faut-il savoir si ceux-ci ont un fondement dans la réalité contemporaine. Les représentations négatives des Français sont encore répandues. Sortie en 2020, la première saison de la série américaine Emily in Paris, qui caricature le style de vie parisien, a été visionnée par 58 millions de foyers dans le monde. Au-delà des clichés sur les employés de bureau flemmards, c’est surtout l’image de la boulangère ou de la fleuriste méprisantes qui trouve un écho chez de nombreux touristes qui partagent en ligne les aperçus de leur séjour en France.

Car, comme la plupart des habitants de n’importe quel pays, les Français peuvent aussi se montrer franchement désagréables… si on l’est avec eux en premier. Une définition de l’impolitesse différente de celle d’autres pays occidentaux ? Une étude publiée en 2021 dans la revue Studies About Languages montre qu’en France la coopération dans les interactions – comme servir un café d’une manière efficace et polie – dépend étroitement des règles de bienséance. Un « bonjour » ne précède pas simplement l’échange aimable, mais il en conditionne la possibilité même. Ceci n’est pas nécessairement le cas dans d’autres pays d’Europe, où un excès de courtoisie peut même susciter de la méfiance. Or, en France, à défaut de se conformer à des conventions souvent implicites, le client issu d’une autre culture peut se heurter à une certaine résistance.

Néanmoins, un article du Guardian paru en 2024 suggère que même les Parisiens sont aujourd’hui perçus comme moins froids qu’auparavant : une évolution attribuée en partie à l’amélioration de leur niveau d’anglais. Reste encore à faire face au stéréotype du touriste français arrogant, râleur, et critique de tout ce qui n’est pas « à la française ».

Bashing sur Internet
Nourrir de l’hostilité envers une nation à partir de clichés historiques ou de vécus est assez universel. Cependant, les jeunes générations ont fait émerger en ligne une francophobie inédite, véhiculée par un humour absurde. Ce discours antifrançais, présent dans des commentaires ou des mèmes (vidéos ou images détournées et dupliquées, souvent avec humour), est désormais l’un des codes de la culture Internet.

Fin mars 2025, une tendance TikTok a placé les Français au centre d’un jeu comparatif entre pays. Sur un remix du tube Bad Romance de Lady Gaga, la phrase « I don’t wanna be friends » (« Je ne veux pas que nous soyons amis ») était détournée en « I don’t wanna be French » (« Je ne veux pas être française »). La tendance a gagné l’Europe et les Etats-Unis, chaque nation l’adaptant pour se mettre en valeur ou se moquer des Français. Les Italiens montraient leurs bidets, jouant sur le stéréotype de la mauvaise hygiène française, tandis que les Espagnols insistaient sur leur mode de vie détendu et festif, à l’opposé des Français coincés.

Rien que durant la première semaine, plus de 8 000 vidéos avec ce son ont été postées sur TikTok, cumulant 241 millions de vues et 23 millions de likes. Ce chiffre inclut toutefois les réponses françaises. Outre ceux qui affichaient « I wanna be French » (« je veux être français ») et brandissaient leur carte Vitale, des marques et figures politiques ont aussi saisi l’occasion pour promouvoir la culture française. Gabriel Attal a notamment partagé un montage mêlant des célébrités françaises à des images de fromage et de vin – une illustration du soft power français condensé sur dix-sept secondes. Mais, cherchant à valoriser la culture française, la réplique nationale a plutôt servi à reproduire les mêmes stéréotypes de Français hautains et incapables d’autodérision.

Sixième au Global Soft Power Index de Brand Finance, la France demeure incontestablement une puissance culturelle. Que l’on s’en moque parfois sur TikTok n’efface pas ses siècles de prestige, mais signalise plutôt une forme de trop-plein. Reste à apprendre à rire de soi sans se laisser définir par les clichés, ni trop s’en offusquer. Après tout, les Français ont aussi la réputation d’être d’excellents artistes, intellectuels et amants.

NY Times : Why Don’t Data Centers Use More Green Energy?

Why Don’t Data Centers Use More Green Energy?
Reliance on fossil fuels is almost unavoidable — at least for now.

It’s been a big week for A.I. data centers. That means it’s also been a big week for coal and natural gas.

Nvidia this week announced a $100 billion investment to support OpenAI’s enormous build-out of data centers that use its chips. The next day, OpenAI said it had signed deals with SoftBank and Oracle to build five new data centers as part of the Stargate Project, a $500 billion plan for A.I. infrastructure. (The three companies unveiled it at the White House back in January.)

The announcements are the latest in a global push to speed the construction of A.I. data centers. OpenAI, Amazon, Google, Meta and Microsoft are together spending more than $325 billion on them by the end of the year. To stay on the bleeding edge, the companies want the latest processors, cooling systems, facilities — all running 24/7 on mind-bending quanta of electricity.

In the U.S., more than half of that power is coming from fossil fuels.

President Trump, who called green energy a “scam” at the U.N. General Assembly this week, has enthusiastically endorsed natural gas, coal and oil. He has also subsidized them. As part of his official A.I. plan, he pledged to scrap “radical climate dogma and bureaucratic red tape” and fast-track fossil fuel projects instead.

But there are reasons beyond politics that help explain why smog-spewing fossil fuels have become the go-to power source for futuristic data centers. The pairing is almost unavoidable — at least for now.

Renewables
Sprawling solar farms, windmills and hydroelectric dams are the best energy options for the planet, and usually the cheapest. Their economic upside has made them, collectively, the fastest-growing power source for data centers worldwide.

But renewables often can’t shoulder the load alone, despite being a major part of the A.I. power plan. That’s because servers hum and whir around the clock — not just when the sun is up or the wind is blowing. They demand a constant, stable flow of electricity. If power falters, even for a few seconds, companies lose thousands of dollars, sometimes more.

There’s a fix: Companies can pair solar and wind farms with massive batteries that store power and then release it in a steady stream. But storing energy that way is relatively pricey and may still fall short of providing the nonstop energy that data centers need. “Batteries are a great way to shift daytime electricity to evening electricity — but not a great way to shift July electricity to January electricity,” said Matthew Bunn, a professor at Harvard who studies energy policy. So even the greenest facilities rely on fossil fuels or the local grid for backup, he told DealBook.

Another challenge: The biggest data center campuses will consume multiple gigawatts of power. (As part of this week’s deal, OpenAI agreed to use Nvidia chips in at least 10 gigawatts’ worth of data centers.) To continuously produce just a single gigawatt, a renewable-energy plant would need around 12.5 million solar panels — enough to cover nearly 5,000 football fields. Wind turbines would need even more room. Many data centers near cities and towns don’t have that kind of space.

Nuclear
That’s where nuclear plants come in. They have smaller footprints, generate steady power and, like renewables, emit no carbon.

But they’re expensive. That’s why the nuclear industry has been in a decades-long rut. It boomed back in the 1970s, when the global energy crisis quadrupled oil prices. But Americans’ enthusiasm for nuclear energy soured after a series of headline-grabbing accidents, like the 1979 partial meltdown at Three Mile Island.

Around the same time, our electricity needs started to decline — which tends to happen in mature economies. Oil prices came down, so we stopped building nuclear reactors.

The industry has been groping for a good sales pitch ever since. With A.I., it finally has one: Energy demand is soaring, and nuclear companies can help fill the gap.

A slight snag: They’ll need another seven or eight years to do it, best-case scenario, said Jacopo Buongiorno, a nuclear science professor at M.I.T. That’s how long it takes to build new nuclear plants.

So, it’s a gamble: Tech companies investing in nuclear power (Microsoft, Google and Amazon, among others) are betting billions that A.I. demand will continue to rise a decade from now, when those nuclear facilities open for business. But it’s not clear their bets will pan out.

Fossil Fuels
The U.S. has vast natural gas reserves in underground reservoirs and offshore deposits, so it’s cheap and available. And the infrastructure to harness it can be ready fast: “A year or two, and you have a gas plant,” Buongiorno said.

If data centers continue expanding at their going rate, their energy needs will far surpass the current supply by 2030. So tech companies that need to bridge that widening gap are reaching for fossil fuels. Natural gas is already the top power source for U.S. data centers, according to the International Energy Agency, and it’s on track to dominate through at least 2030.

The only other energy source that can be deployed in one to two years — aligning with the construction timeline for most data centers — is solar, which has its own drawbacks.

Trump’s policies are only making natural gas more attractive. The administration was already subsidizing fossil fuels, and now it’s eliminating regulations and green-energy tax credits to bolster them further. President Trump says the new policies will help American companies develop A.I. tools unencumbered by pesky rules and oversight. Climate advocates say he’s stacking the deck for the fossil lobby.

His plan may work. It may also accelerate climate change by pumping heat-trapping gases into an atmosphere already at its highest-recorded temperature ever. For now, though, tech companies are seeing an opportunity to invest.

SCMP : China is ‘nanoseconds behind’ US in chips, says Nvidia’s Jensen Huang

China is ‘nanoseconds behind’ US in chips, says Nvidia’s Jensen Huang
Allowing US companies to compete globally – including in China – would ‘maximise’ US economic success and influence, Huang says

Allowing US companies like Nvidia to compete in China fits the interests of both Beijing and Washington, according to Jensen Huang, the US chipmaker’s founder and CEO, as Chinese players gear up to be Nvidia-free.
Washington should allow its technology industry to compete globally – including in China – to “proliferate the technology around the world” and thereby “maximise America’s economic success and geopolitical influence”, he said.

China is “nanoseconds behind” the US, “so we’ve got to go compete”, Huang said, highlighting China’s progress in chipmaking and its manufacturing potential. He pointed to the country’s deep pool of talent, hustling work culture and internal competition across its provinces.

“This is a vibrant, entrepreneurial, hi-tech, modern industry,” he said on BG2, a podcast hosted by tech investors Brad Gerstner and Bill Gurley.

Huang added that he hoped and believed China would remain open to outside investment, noting that Beijing has pledged to maintain “an open market”.

“What’s in the best interest of China is for foreign companies to invest in China, compete in China and for them to also have vibrant competition themselves,” he said on an episode released on Friday. “They would also like to come out of China and participate around the world.”

Nvidia’s graphics processing units (GPUs) are regarded as the backbone of training and running artificial intelligence models, which has helped push the company’s market capitalisation to record highs. But sales to China, one of the world’s biggest markets, have been disrupted by geopolitical tensions. Earlier this year, the US abruptly barred exports of the H20 – a downgraded chip tailored to comply with restrictions – before relenting after a 15 per cent levy to the US government was agreed.
Yet Chinese regulators’ stance remains ambivalent: a warm welcome to Huang when he visited China while continuing a nationwide push for semiconductor self-sufficiency.

Chinese AI and semiconductor contenders have rushed to launch domestic alternatives, eroding Nvidia’s once-dominant market share. Sanctioned telecoms giant Huawei Technologies this month unveiled its long-awaited AI chip road map, showcasing clustering methods designed to bypass Nvidia as well as advanced manufacturing techniques beyond China’s current reach.
Internet giants which are also major cloud-services providers including Alibaba Group Holding, Tencent Holdings, ByteDance and Baidu are all investing heavily in chip research and design, either through in-house projects or external investments, to secure greater control over their supply chains.
A wave of start-ups has also gained attention. Cambricon Technologies’ valuation has surged, Moore Threads Technology is preparing an initial public offering on Shanghai’s Nasdaq-style Star Market, and Enflame and MetaX are also attracting attention.
On the podcast, Huang dismissed doubts that the AI sector faces a glut of capacity.

“Until we fully convert all general-purpose computing to accelerated computing and AI, … I think the chances [of a glut] are extremely low,” he said.

“Nobody needs atomic bombs. Everybody needs AI.”

Nvidia has recently unveiled a series of major investments, including a US$5 billion purchase of a 4 per cent stake in Intel, and plans to invest up to US$100 billion in OpenAI over the coming years to build AI data centres. Such deals have fuelled investor confidence and lifted its stock price more than 62 per cent over the past six months to US$178, giving the company a market cap of US$4.3 trillion.

SCMP : Space pull system: China’s industrial revolution to make rockets and sate

Space pull system: China’s industrial revolution to make rockets and satellites like cars
Borrowing from the motor industry, the national aerospace sector embraces a new mass production operating model

China’s aerospace industry is undergoing a quiet but potentially game-changing manufacturing revolution that could make rockets and satellites as efficiently produced as cars, according to scientists involved in the project.
Through a painful structural reform, the country’s state-owned space sector is adopting a new production philosophy known as the “final assembly pull” system, a model inspired by lean manufacturing principles seen in the car industry.
This emerging system aims to mass-produce space systems not just quickly but with consistent quality, lower cost and greater flexibility.

With global space activity projected to grow exponentially fuelled by new technology and orbital launches reaching 170,000 tonnes of payloads annually by 2045, the country that masters scalable space production will dominate the future, according to the researchers.

Traditional aerospace production has been a “push” system: components are made based on forecasts and schedules, often leading to mismatches, delays and inventory pile-ups.

The new “pull” model flips this logic. Instead of pushing parts through the pipeline, final assembly pulls components from upstream suppliers solely when needed and strictly in the required quantity.

Toyota pioneered the pull system through its famed Toyota Production System in the mid-20th century.

Using tools like kanban cards, each workstation “pulls” parts from the previous step only as needed, minimising waste, reducing inventory and increasing efficiency. This approach became the foundation of lean manufacturing worldwide.

China’s space industry now applies this just-in-time, demand-driven logic to rockets and satellites. From final assembly to subsystem assembly and components to raw materials, each stage is triggered only when the downstream stage signals a need.

What ensues is a tight, responsive supply chain in which every rocket engine, solar panel and circuit board is produced in sync with the launch schedule.

But it also means that the relatively flat organisation of China’s space industry, which gives suppliers more bargaining power and resources, would be replaced by a steep pyramid-shaped structure.

“It represents a systemic and disruptive transformation of existing manufacturing models,” wrote a team led by Wang Guoqing with the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC), the country’s largest aerospace company, in a July paper in the Journal of Mechanical Engineering.

Wang is CASC’s chief information officer and an expert in space manufacturing.

For decades, space vehicles were largely hand-built masterpieces, each rocket or satellite a unique product of meticulous engineering.

But as demand has soared for satellite constellations, reusable launch vehicles and sustained lunar missions, the traditional approach no longer suffices.

China’s space programme, like those around the world, has evolved from making first-of-a-kind systems – the idea of “can we build it?” – to balanced development and production of multiple models in parallel that produce small batches reliably, according to Wang and his colleagues.
Today the world was entering a “mass customisation era”, they said, of high-frequency launches and massive satellite networks requiring scalable, repeatable and flexible manufacturing.

China is not alone in this pursuit. SpaceX’s Starlink has already launched more than 7,000 satellites, “demonstrating the stunning power of industrial-scale space production”, Wang’s team wrote.

But unlike the US, where one company dominates, China’s approach is described as more networked and ecosystem-driven, leveraging state-owned enterprises, research institutes and private suppliers in a coordinated national strategy.

Projects like the Guowang, Qianfan, and Hongtu-3 mega-constellations are accelerating the need for industrialised satellite and rocket factories, with thousands of units to be built in the coming years.

This shift demanded a “fundamental rethink”, according to Wang’s team. In the paper, they gave more details on how the space pull system worked.

A central manufacturing integrator – often the final assembler – takes full ownership of the entire production process. This entity manages schedules, contracts, quality and supplier coordination.

Rather than fixed, one-size-fits-all production lines, China is adopting modular, reconfigurable assembly systems such as pulsed assembly lines where products move in rhythmic cycles, like a heartbeat, reducing idle time and maximising efficiency.

Smart flexible assembly centres use AI and robotics to dynamically reconfigure workflows for different rocket models – ideal for mixed production of multiple launch vehicles.

A groundbreaking feature is the collaborative digital platform that connects factories, labs and suppliers throughout China, even across different security-classified networks.

Using cloud computing, IoT, AI and digital twins, this platform enables real-time tracking of production status, instant visibility into supply chain bottlenecks, automated alerts for missing parts and secure data sharing across organisations, according to the paper.

Dubbed the “digital pull board”, the system gives managers a live dashboard of the entire supply chain.

This reform is taking effect as China’s space launches have picked up pace in recent months.

But the gap with the US remains large. In 2024, the United States held a big lead with 158 orbital launches, mostly by SpaceX, while China completed only 68 launches.

FT : Occidental Petroleum in talks to sell OxyChem unit for at least $10bn

Occidental Petroleum in talks to sell OxyChem unit for at least $10bn
Deal would carve out one of the world’s largest standalone petrochemicals units

Occidental Petroleum is in talks to sell its OxyChem division in a deal expected to be worth at least $10bn that would carve out one of the world’s largest standalone petrochemicals units.

The Houston-based company, which is backed by Warren Buffett, has been steadily divesting assets in recent years in an effort to reduce its heavy debt load, which now stands at $24bn. Occidental is working with advisers on the sale process.

The divestment, which would be Occidental’s biggest to date, was likely to be announced in the coming weeks, two people familiar with the matter said, provided it does not hit any last-minute hurdles.

Occidental’s OxyChem division generated almost $5bn in revenues in the 12 months to the end of June.

The identity of the buyer could not immediately be established. It was possible that the sale could still fall apart, the people warned. Occidental did not immediately respond to requests for comment.

Occidental is grappling with a large debt burden, a legacy of its $55bn acquisition of Anadarko Petroleum Corporation in 2019 and its $13bn acquisition of shale oil producer CrownRock in 2023.

The company has reduced its debt by $7.5bn in the past year, helped by $4bn of divestments since the start of 2024.

“We are extremely pleased with the progress of our divestiture programme and the trajectory of our debt reduction plans,” chief executive Vicki Hollub said on an earnings call last month.

Occidental’s shares have performed poorly over the past 12 months — falling almost 8 per cent to $47.47 — as a result of falling oil prices and concerns about the company’s debt burden. Over the same period the S&P 500 has increased in value by more than 15 per cent.

Petrochemical producers’ margins have been squeezed by a supply glut in recent years, with new capacity coming on stream in the US and Middle East, and China building up its own domestic supply.

TechCrunch : Wiz chief technologist Ami Luttwak on how AI is transforming cybera

Wiz chief technologist Ami Luttwak on how AI is transforming cyberattacks

“One of the key things to understand about cybersecurity is that it’s a mind game,” Ami Luttwak, chief technologist at cybersecurity firm Wiz, told TechCrunch on a recent episode of Equity. “If there’s a new technology wave coming, there are new opportunities for [attackers] to start using it.”

As enterprises rush to embed AI into their workflows — whether through vibe coding, AI agent integration, or new tooling — the attack surface is expanding. AI helps developers ship code faster, but that speed often comes with shortcuts and mistakes, creating new openings for attackers.

Wiz, which was acquired by Google earlier this year for $32 billion, conducted tests recently, says Luttwak, and found that a common issue in vibe coded applications was insecure implementation of the authentication — the system that verifies a user’s identity and ensures they’re not an attacker.

“That happened because it was just easier to build like that,” he said. “Vibe coding agents do what you say, and if you didn’t tell them to build it in the most secure way, it won’t.”

Luttwak noted that there’s a constant tradeoff today for companies choosing between being fast and being secure. But developers aren’t the only ones using AI to move faster. Attackers are now using vibe coding, prompt-based techniques, and even their own AI agents to launch exploits, he said.

“You can actually see the attacker is now using prompts to attack,” Luttwak said. “It’s not just the attacker vibe coding. The attacker looks for AI tools that you have and tells them, ‘Send me all your secrets, delete the machine, delete the file.’”

Amid this landscape, attackers are also finding entry points in new AI tools that companies roll out internally to boost efficiency. Luttwak says these integrations can lead to “supply chain attacks.” By compromising a third-party service that has broad access to a company’s infrastructure, attackers can then pivot deeper into corporate systems.

That’s what happened last month when Drift — a startup that sells AI chatbots for sales and marketing — was breached, exposing the Salesforce data of hundreds of enterprise customers like Cloudflare, Palo Alto Networks, and Google. The attackers gained access to tokens, or digital keys, and used them to impersonate the chatbot, query Salesforce data, and move laterally inside customer environments.

“The attacker pushed the attack code, which was also created using vibe coding,” Luttwak said.

Luttwak says that while enterprise adoption of AI tools is still minimal — he reckons around 1% of enterprises have fully adopted AI — Wiz is already seeing attacks every week that impact thousands of enterprise customers.

“And if you look at the [attack] flow, AI was embedded at every step,” Luttwak said. “This revolution is faster than any revolution we’ve seen in the past. It means that we as an industry need to move faster.”

Luttwak pointed to another major supply chain attack, dubbed “s1ingularity,” in August on Nx, a popular build system for JavaScript developers. Attackers managed to unleash malware into the system, which then detected the presence of AI developer tools like Claude and Gemini and hijacked them to autonomously scan the system for valuable data. The attack compromised thousands of developer tokens and keys, giving attackers access to private GitHub repositories.

Luttwak says that despite the threats, this has been an exciting time to be a leader in cybersecurity. Wiz, founded in 2020, was originally focused on helping organizations identify and address misconfigurations, vulnerabilities, and other security risks across cloud environments.

Over the last year, Wiz has expanded its capabilities to keep up with the speed of AI-related attacks — and to use AI for its own products.

Last September, Wiz launched Wiz Code that focuses on securing the software development lifecycle by identifying and mitigating security issues early in the development process, so companies can be “secure by design.” In April, Wiz launched Wiz Defend, which offers runtime protection by detecting and responding to active threats within cloud environments.

Luttwak said that it’s vital for Wiz to fully understand the applications of their customers if the startup is going to help with what he calls “horizontal security.”

“We need to understand why you’re building it … so I can build the security tool that no one has ever had before, the security tool that understands you,” he said.

‘From day one, you need to have a CISO’
The democratization of AI tools has resulted in a flood of new startups promising to solve enterprise pain points. But Luttwak says enterprises shouldn’t just send all of their company, employee, and customer data to “every small SaaS company that has five employees just because they say, ‘Give me all your data, and I will give you amazing AI insights.’”

Of course, those startups need that data if their offering is going to have any value. Luttwak says that means it’s incumbent upon them to make sure they’re operating like a secure organization from the start.

“From day one, you need to think about security and compliance,” he said. “From day one, you need to have a CISO (chief information security officer). Even if you have five people.”

Before writing a single line of code, startups should think like a highly secure organization, he said. They need to consider enterprise security features, audit logs, authentication, access to production, development practices, security ownership, and single sign-on. Planning this way from the start means you won’t have to overhaul processes later and incur what Luttwak calls “security debt.” And if you aim to sell to enterprises, you’ll already be prepared to protect their data.

“We were SOC2 compliant [a compliance framework] before we had code,” he said. “And I can tell you a secret. Getting SOC2 compliance for five employees is much easier than for 500 employees.”

The next most important step for startups is to think about architecture, he said.

“If you’re an AI startup that wants to focus on enterprise from day one, you have to think about an architecture that allows the data of the customer to stay … in the customer environment.”

For cybersecurity startups looking to step into the field in the age of AI, Luttwak says now’s the time. Everything from phishing protection and email security to malware and endpoint protection is fertile ground for innovation ‚ both for attackers and defenders. The same is true for startups that could help with workflow and automation tools to do “vibe security,” since many security teams still don’t know how to use AI to defend against AI.

“The game is open,” Luttwak said. “If every area of security now has new attacks, then it means we have to rethink every part of security.”

(ZH) Russia Accused Of Preparing Sabotage Ops Around British Isles Based On Spy

Russia Accused Of Preparing Sabotage Ops Around British Isles Based On Spy Ship Movements

A specialized Russian intelligence ship and research vessel called the Yantar has been raising alarm among Western officials as media reports claim it is stalking waters off northern Europe.
An investigation by the Financial Times says the vessel is equipped with sophisticated surveillance equipment, and has been engaged in suspicious activity while being tracked in waters near Ireland and other strategic locations. For example, it has been observed directly above undersea cables connecting Ireland and the UK.
Intelligence officials believe that the Yantar's purpose is to collect data and potentially lay the groundwork for sabotage operations, based on satellite radar data and interviews with current and former NATO naval officers.
MOD/AFP/GETTY IMAGES
It also is said to have lingered over critical undersea cables between Norway and the Svalbard archipelago, which is an Arctic region of growing strategic interest to Moscow.
The FT concludes that the ship began targeting European infrastructure for intelligence data collection starting in autumn 2023, and that its been engaged ina 13-month surveillance operation.
The report has flagged that its Irish Sea operations have been especially troubling, given this region is widely viewed as a vulnerable point in NATO’s defense network.
One senior NATO commander interviewed said that Yantar is "the tool Russia is using to somehow . . . keep us awake" as "she’s following cable lines and pipelines, making stops. We are monitoring her very closely."
The report comes at a moment that European officials are mostly taken up with establishing an Eastern European defense shield, or 'drone wall' which would protect EU and NATO territory from Russian aircraft incursions. But apparently the seaborne threat could be the most significant one, as FT writes:
The reporting also sheds new light on the secretive military unit that oversees the ship’s activitiesRussia’s directorate of deep-sea research, known as Glavnoye Upravlenie Glubokovodnikh Issledovanii or GUGI. Its operations are so classified that only a small group of highly trained Russian hydronauts are privy to them.
The majority of GUGI’s 50 vessels are submarines and smaller submersibles, some of which can reach depths of 6,000 metres, more than 10 times the depth of a conventional military submarine. But it also has surface vessels, such as Yantar, which are much cheaper to operate over long distances, and can be used as platforms for submersibles and divers.
Europe is concerned that a repeat of last year's cutting of several Baltic Sea underwater telecoms cables could be imminent. Russia came under immediate suspicion of cutting key cables; however, there's been contradictory reporting and evidence on whether these incidents were accidental or intentional sabotage.
Hundreds of undersea cables span the globe, transmitting 98% of the world’s internet traffic and are seen as essential to the global economy. The overwhelming majority of them are owned and operated by private companies. There are frequent instances of damage, but these are often found to be through fishing vessels dredging floorbeds and other accidents.

FT : Spain has become Europe’s standout economy

Spain has become Europe’s standout economy
But it must combine immigration-led growth with productivity improvements

Spain is a rare bright spot among Europe’s otherwise drearily performing economies. Since the start of 2024, the Spanish economy has grown at an average annual rate of 3 per cent, compared with just over 1 per cent for the Eurozone as a whole. In recent weeks, S&P Global Ratings has upgraded its credit rating, and the Bank of Spain raised its 2025 growth forecast to 2.6 per cent — underscoring the nation’s position as Europe’s fastest-growing major economy, and one of the strongest in the advanced world.

A mix of factors have propelled its growth. Tourism has recovered from the pandemic. The government has been spending grants from the EU’s Next Generation EU fund on improving infrastructure; Spain is the second largest beneficiary. Cheap renewable energy has also attracted foreign direct investment. Earlier reforms, including an initiative in 2021 to boost the stability of employment, have helped too.

But Spain’s biggest motor has been immigration. While other European nations have been keen to tighten their borders, Spain has adopted a more liberal approach. Since 2022, it has averaged a net annual inflow of about 600,000 immigrants, and the bulk have been of working age. An expanding labour pool has pushed employment to record highs and helped Spain to avoid some of the severe skills shortages that have plagued its European peers. The population spurt has also boosted consumer spending.

A significant portion of new arrivals have come from Latin America. In 2023, migrants from the region accounted for about 70 per cent of the increase in Spain’s population, according to JPMorgan. A shared language, cultural similarities and existing networks have aided their integration into the labour market, and acceptance into society more broadly. The migrant surge is set to continue. Spain recently simplified legal immigration routes and has plans to grant residency and work permits to more undocumented migrants.

For all its success so far, the immigrant-led growth boom must be managed carefully. First, although Spain’s real GDP, on a purchasing power parity basis, has risen by about 6.8 per cent since 2019, in per capita terms it has grown by just 3.1 per cent. Migrants have mainly filled gaps in lower value-added sectors, including hospitality and construction. To ensure living standards also grow, Spain’s languid productivity growth needs to improve too.

The IMF recommends streamlining regulations and providing tax incentives to raise the availability of long-term risk capital, particularly to boost small businesses. Upskilling initiatives would also support growth and attract further FDI in high-end service sectors, including in finance, IT consulting and engineering. Indeed, Spain’s unemployment rate is still the highest in the EU.

Second, policymakers ought to anticipate broader social-economic issues that may hinder the sustainability of high immigrant flows. Most Spanish people support immigration. But if the government fails to give adequate support for access to affordable housing and public services, the openness to outsiders might dwindle. Rents are unaffordable for many and there have been episodes of unrest between locals and people of North African origin.

Spain’s fragmented political environment will, however, be a big obstacle to building on its economic progress. The scandal-hit minority government of Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez has struggled to pass major legislation. This is a shame. Spain has shown other advanced economies how immigration can be an important source of economic resilience, even in a period of instability at home and abroad. To remain an exemplar, Spain needs to turn its demographic windfall into lasting prosperity.

Telegram : Pavel Durov on Modovia / France interference

🇲🇩 About a year ago, while I was stuck in Paris, the French intelligence services reached out to me through an intermediary, asking me to help the Moldovan government censor certain Telegram channels ahead of the presidential elections in Moldova.

After reviewing the channels flagged by French (and Moldovan) authorities, we identified a few that clearly violated our rules and removed them. The intermediary then informed me that, in exchange for this cooperation, French intelligence would “say good things” about me to the judge who had ordered my arrest in August last year.

This was unacceptable on several levels. If the agency did in fact approach the judge — it constituted an attempt to interfere in the judicial process. If it did not, and merely claimed to have done so, then it was exploiting my legal situation in France to influence political developments in Eastern Europe — a pattern we have also observed in Romania 🇷🇴

Shortly thereafter, the Telegram team received a second list of so-called “problematic” Moldovan channels. Unlike the first, nearly all of these channels were legitimate and fully compliant with our rules. Their only commonality was that they voiced political positions disliked by the French and Moldovan governments.

We refused to act on this request.

Telegram is committed to freedom of speech and will not remove content for political reasons. I will continue to expose every attempt to pressure Telegram into censoring our platform. Stay tuned.