WWD : Ian Schrager Talks Public Relaunch, Work-Life Boundaries and Broadway Show

Ian Schrager Talks Public Relaunch, Work-Life Boundaries and Broadway Show
After decades in the hospitality business, Schrager recognizes the cultural shifts that are happening.

By Rosemary Feitelberg on June 8, 2021

Gearing up for the official relaunch of his Public hotel and the return of New York City’s economic engine, Ian Schrager believes egalitarianism can help cure not all ills, but some crucial ones.
Through his alliance with Marriott and his design company, his stylistic and business choices influence — knowingly or not — thousands of travelers and locals each year. Reached Monday morning in the Hamptons, where he has been primarily “on Zoom all day” and ensconced with his family for the past 15-plus months, Schrager zeroed in on a few of the current cultural shifts.
He would know. Decades after Schrager and Steve Rubell created boundary-breaking Studio 54, the nightclub lives on as a backdrop in the Netflix series “Halston.” In that age of all-nighters, hundreds lined the streets en masse to try to get past the velvet ropes for entrance. The hotelier also created the directional and formerly celebrity-centric Morgans Hotel and the Royalton. Now Schrager is taking a more all-are-welcome approach with Public’s “Luxury for All” concept and next week’s unveiling of its Popular restaurant.

Fifteen percent of New York City’s hotels are not expected to reopen but “nobody really knows,” Schrager said. “We never have gone through anything like this. We went through big scares. In the ’90s, we went through a bad recession and a bad hit with that Resolution Trust [Corp.] that they formed [as a temporary federal agency to resolve the savings and loans crisis of the ’80s]. New York went through near bankruptcy in the ’70s and the Great Depression in the ’20s,” he said. “We’ve gone through ups and downs, but nothing was as profound and long-lasting as this one was.”

He continued, “But I do think, and I have always thought, we will go back to the way we were before. Because we always forget the bad and only remember the good. We have always done that since the flood with Noah. I really mean that.”
Schrager, whose portfolio includes the Times Square Edition, is banking on business to get going by September. This summer’s restaurant and bar business are expected to be about 70 percent of normal figures, due partially to post-COVID-19 safety guidelines. Hotel reservations will be lower than that benchmark, since corporate, group and international travelers have not yet returned in force.
Here, Schrager talks about his new Public, why hip is no longer relevant — and how he wishes Lin-Manuel Miranda would direct a Broadway show based on Studio 54.
WWD: Has the pandemic reminded you of the AIDS epidemic?
Ian Schrager: Yes, of all the human calamities that I’ve gone through, the only one that felt like this was AIDS. Nobody knew what was going on. Nobody knew how you got it. Nobody knew that you could die from it [initially]. You had a pit in your stomach. You didn’t know who was dropping next. You were losing friends left and right. And those friends, by the way, were of the cultural zeitgeist.
WWD: During the past 16 months, a lot of people said that quarantine felt like prison. As someone who has been in prison [for corporate tax evasion], how do you respond to that?
I.S.: There is nothing like prison. Hopefully, nobody has to go through that. You lose your human dignity and the discretion that humans exercise, which separates us from all the other living beings on this planet. I would rather be locked up in a hotel for a year and getting room service. Quarantine was isolating. The optimistic people took advantage of the time off to recalibrate, rethink, make improvements to themselves and decide what was important to them. The pessimistic people thought they were in jail, I suppose.


WWD: Isn’t prison where you and Steve [Rubell] developed a plan for your first hotel?
I.S.: Exactly. When I was in jail, I read David Halberstam’s book, “The Best and the Brightest.” It was a watershed moment for me. He was tracing the lives of the media empires in this country. All of them had a forced interlude or an interlude by the war. I had a forced interlude.
WWD: Some post-pandemic forecasts call for a Roaring Twenties outlook? Where do you stand with that?
I.S.: I think that is going to happen. You can’t overthink it. In 1918 and 1919, people had just come back from a war. We really don’t know what impact that had on people’s desire to go crazy and celebrate a return to normalcy. I can tell by the little bit that I’ve seen and felt, people are ready to go mad. Reservations for the hotel and restaurants are jammed already. People are going to events whether it is out here [in the Hamptons] or in the city. We are a species. We’re social. People want to socialize and go back to their normal way of living. That’s an understatement. I think there will be a fast economic recovery. I don’t have data. That’s just instinctive. People will also be tentative. We in business have to be sensitive and respectful of that, and to the people, who have lost their lives. We have to be a little measured. Usually, I open up a hotel like “The Day of the Locust.” I don’t think that is appropriate now. We have to change our playbook.
WWD: Why did you decide to do ‘Luxury for All?’
I.S.: Terence Conran did that with furniture. He took the pretension out of it. Andy Warhol did that with art. I don’t think that was his intention but he did. Luxury should be available to anybody, who wants it. And it’s not about being rich, wearing the right brand, or where you live. That is a medieval approach to luxury. I believe in making luxury available to everybody who wants it and getting rid of the telltale outdated criteria. It’s a modern idea, egalitarian and just so appropriate to the times. Somebody today just asked me who are my customers. I always say the same thing. Mick Jagger, who is almost 78. I’m 74. Miley Cyrus is 28. They’re all customers…it’s having reasonably priced things but not dumbing it down. Making it aim high and be sophisticated for people to enjoy. It’s not only the bargain hunters that want that. The rich people want that, too.


WWD: How is your idea of luxury different than anyone else’s?
I.S.: Everyone is clinging to the old idea of luxury. [High society’s capacity of] 400 started with Mrs. [the grandmother of Vincent] Astor, because she could only fit 400 people in her ballroom. Rich people had historically been celebrities or influencers. That’s gone through many iterations — movie stars, athletes, musicians, artists, media personalities. Now we’ve ended up upside down with celebrities being celebrities before they even accomplish anything, like the Kardashians. Now that old criteria doesn’t matter anymore. What matters is being able to feel good, comfortable and having the freedom of time and no hassles.
WWD: Is the idea of hip gone?
I.S.: Yup. It’s more important to be smart than to be hip. We used to be dominated by a really bohemian class. Everyone, who wanted to try do something that hadn’t been done before, rolled into New York City. There was a diversity. That’s when the city was the most fun. A lot of the bohemians came out of fashion. They were our movie stars in the ’70s. They were the most sought-after cover to get. Halston and Calvin Klein were our ultimate celebrities, when American fashion was coming into its own and was considered on par with Europe. New York doesn’t have that deep element anymore of nobody-has-anything-to-lose-so-let’s-try-anything. Now it’s just occupied by a bunch of rich people and hedge fund people. It’s no good. This Luxury for All is a response to all that is going on.
WWD: Do you mean the social justice movement and the pandemic?
I.S.: That’s part of it. You have to ask yourself why we have had the strongest economy that we have had in a very long time yet half the population is pissed off. We have to take care of the people who are left behind or that’s going to be a problem for us…making luxury available to everyone isn’t just the right thing to do. It has nothing to do with race, creed, color or age. It’s a state of mind. It makes you feel comfortable. That’s true luxury. It’s the same thing we were after with Studio 54 — the freedom. You came in, you felt protected and happy and there wasn’t anything that you couldn’t do and get up and walk away from. You could be next to the biggest movie star. You didn’t care. You were just there to have fun. That freedom to feel good is the same thing we seek now.


WWD: What’s the most efficient way to bridge the divide?
I.S.: Somebody really smart said to me two nights ago that maybe the minimum wage should be $20 to $25 an hour so that every working family could have a decent living to live off of. Maybe businesses of 150 people or less wouldn’t have to do that so you would protect small businesses. What has happened with the economy in the capitalist way of doing things is like what’s happened with the medical system. It’s all broken. Now we’re stuck. Nobody knows how to fix it. The best and the brightest in our country don’t run for office anymore.
The Public hotel is trying to relay a “Luxury for All” design concept. Courtesy Photo
WWD: You have brought in top talent like landscape designer Madison Cox and chefs Diego Muñoz and John Fraser for Public. Have you known Madison for a while?
I.S.: I have long-standing relationships with all of the design people I have worked with. I want the same thing they want. I’m trying to achieve excellence and to achieve the ideal. In Bob Iger’s book [“The Ride of a Lifetime: Lessons Learned from 15 Years As the CEO of The Walt Disney Company,”] he said people didn’t understand why Walt Disney spent so much time building a toy railroad around his house. He trained in transportation. Disney had a train that went around his property that he could sit on with whistles and bells. No one could understand why he spent so much time doing this. After Salvador Dalí went to see it, he said he could understand it because Disney was after the ideal. I’m no Walt Disney but I’m interested in the same thing and a lot of designers I work with are, too.
Landscape designer Madison Cox has taken part in the hotel’s relaunch. Courtesy Photo
WWD: Are you still in talks for a Broadway-type show?
I.S.: We are looking at a few people. Of course, I wanted [“Hamilton” creator] Lin-Manuel Miranda to be the director. It would be about Studio 54 or those times — [that was] a great, great time in New York and using Studio 54 as a backdrop.
WWD: Are you speaking with Lin-Manuel Miranda?
I.S.: I really can’t say.
WWD: What do you think of all the attention around the “Halston” series and Studio 54?
I.S.: I liked it. I was good friends with Halston. He was the only aristocrat I ever knew. I remember him telling me about Liza Minnelli at that Versailles fashion show and how she just blew everybody away. It made me think how talented Halston was — maybe not the best business guy. He had so much ambition and the pursuit of perfection. That whole bohemian group around him set the cultural zeitgeist in New York at that time. He came from outside New York and attracted all of them. They were all part of being something special. He seemed to be a brilliant guy making hats into sculpture.


WWD: What do you think of his family speaking out about how the series was unauthorized and the idea that his life has been reduced to drug addiction?
I.S.: I can understand their feeling that. There were some things that weren’t true. Nobody died at Studio 54. It didn’t happen. While people were indulgent up in the balcony, it wasn’t open sex like that…That wasn’t the part of the show I liked. I liked the part that showed how he went ahead and did it. Halston signing a contract without reading it. Yeah, I can see that [happening]. Halston had a Christmas party once and I got there late. Andy [Warhol] was handing out Studio 54 drink tickets. They had run out so Halston gave me his. He was a true friend and a real, real, real talent.
WWD: Do young New York designers today have the potential to have such presence?
I.S.: It’s always easier coming up from nowhere than to stay there once you’re there. I suppose they do. Retail is undergoing change. It has nothing to do with the pandemic. It’s the internet. There is still fashion and people care about it. But they are going to have to figure out new ideas. Two industries are under siege — retail, because of how people buy fashion, and restaurants, because the labor factor has to be so expensive it’s difficult to make money.
WWD: Do you have any solutions?
I.S.: It may be looking back at more of an idea like the automat. But things don’t flow like a river. We’ll figure it out. A store my daughter likes, Reformation, came up with the idea of trying to re-create the shopping experience at home. We live across the street from one. The last couple of times I’ve come back into the city there have been lines to get in. You just have to figure out the new medium. It’s like Tesla. It just takes somebody to come up with a new fresh idea. I think fashion is forever. It’s just undergoing a change now.
WWD: How far does that new luxury extend to? Does it include fashion?
I.S.: Fashion is a little under siege with all the celebrities doing fashion rather than the fashion designers, who really love and care about it. Making great design and fashion available is important. It’s the same thing with the hotel or where you live. I was doing micro apartments and we’d be dumbing them down. They should be as sophisticated as anything on Park or Fifth Avenue, but smaller. That’s where we have to go as a country…a sophisticated elevated experience can be applied in every industry.


WWD: How do you stay current?
I.S.: I always get inspiration from the street, which you can’t get now. I get a lot from social media. I can sit in a chair in my living room, go on all these sites and on Instagram to get a feeling of what’s going on and be inspired. I don’t know what’s going on. I only have an instinct. I don’t know if it’s right. Thank God I’ve never missed the bull’s-eye. I’ve never seen something that changed a paradigm shift. Even 9/11 — we’re back to where we were except we have long lines at the airport and we get checked walking into buildings. The only thing that concerns me is the government is kind of crippled and can’t get anything done. There is a lot of anger from half the people. Those things are dangerous. We’ve got to fix those things.
WWD: Will you be supporting any mayoral candidates?
I.S.: There are a couple of good candidates. Boy, we need a good mayor here now to provide leadership. It’s so funny. Everybody complained about [former] Mayor [Michael] Bloomberg being so rich. It was a good idea for him to be a politician, because he didn’t have to make any deals with anybody…The last two years have been very tough for New York in particular and for business.
WWD: What are you reading?
I.S.: I was reading “Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind” [by Yuval Noah Harari]. One of the things that was so profound in there was we all think that technology and social media freed us up and gave us more time. But it had the exact opposite effect. We’re more harried and obsessed with Instagram and games.
The Public is open to hotel guests and will fully reopen on June 15. Courtesy Photo
WWD: What would be most surprising about the way you work?
I.S.: I’m very shy. I can talk about my work in front of 10 million people. But if I go into a cocktail party, I grab my wife’s hand and gravitate toward the corner. I guess work is a way I express myself. Norma Kamali is one who has really pulled fashion to innovation. She was very shy also. She kind of grew out of that. But in terms of the work, I’ve always been after as close to perfection as possible. That drive — at the end of the day — that’s what distinguishes me from other people, because I want it more than other people might want it. But I still love the work. Love it.

FT : ‘Trojan horse’ app sparks global operation against organised crime

‘Trojan horse’ app sparks global operation against organised crime
FBI helped Australian police monitor encrypted communications of terrorists and criminal gangs

At least 250 people have been arrested around the world in an international police operation that used “Trojan horse” technology to target drug dealers, mafias and other organised crime organisations.

Australian police said on Tuesday that they had disrupted 21 murder plots and seized 3.7 tonnes of drugs during the operation, which covertly monitored an encrypted communications platform used by criminal gangs.

The FBI in the US gained access to the AN0M platform, enabling Australian police to monitor more than 25m messages sent in real time. The communications allegedly detailed murder plots, drug smuggling and other illegal activities, Australian and US investigators said at a joint news conference that detailed the three-year police operation.

Police said 9,000 officers had taken part in co-ordinated raids in multiple countries and that there had been 224 arrests in Australia and 35 in New Zealand. Details of police operations in Germany, the US and other countries are due to be released later on Tuesday.

Scott Morrison, Australia’s prime minister, said the international operation marked a watershed in law enforcement.

“The Australian government, as part of a global operation, has struck a heavy blow against organised crime — not just in this country, but one that will echo around organised crime around the world,” he said.

The police sting operation marked the latest use of technologies such as spyware and Trojan horse software during investigations by law enforcement authorities of organised criminals and terrorist organisations.

The AN0M app was installed on mobile phones that were stripped of any other capability. The phones, which were bought on the black market, could not make calls or send emails. They could only send messages to another device that had the organised crime app, Australian police said in a statement.

The devices circulated organically and grew in popularity among criminals, who were confident of the app’s security because high-profile organised crime figures vouched for its integrity, the police said.

Greg Barton, a counter-terrorism expert at Deakin University in Melbourne, said deploying the Trojan horse software on modified phones was a brilliant example of using social engineering to fight organised crime.

“Australian police authorities and their counterparts around the world will have gathered more insight into the workings of organised criminals and disrupted their operations for a period,” he said.

“These are important temporary victories in endless cat and mouse battles with criminals.”

FT : Nvidia asks Chinese regulators to approve $40bn Arm deal

Nvidia asks Chinese regulators to approve $40bn Arm deal
UK chip designer’s loss of control of China unit adds to approval challenges

Nvidia has submitted an application to Chinese competition regulators to review a $40bn takeover of UK chip designer Arm, according to people familiar with the matter, roughly eight months after it announced the deal.

The application, which the people said was made in recent weeks, sets in motion a period of scrutiny that could take between a year and 18 months, according to Chinese antitrust lawyers.

That would exceed the 18-month timeline set out by Nvidia when it unveiled the deal last September.

China is a huge market for Arm, which licenses its energy-efficient chip designs through a local joint venture. Its sales in the country, which two people familiar with the venture put at roughly $500m in 2019, give Chinese regulators the right to review the acquisition. 

Jensen Huang, Nvidia’s chief executive, said in an interview with the Financial Times last month that the US chip company had “started the process” of engaging with Chinese regulators. He said he was confident the deal would be cleared within the timeframe set by Nvidia.

He referred to Nvidia’s purchase of Israeli company Mellanox, which was announced in 2019, in which Chinese regulatory approval was the last step in a 13-month process. “China usually comes after all the other regulators . . . This is consistent with the last experience I had,” he said.

Nvidia added that the “regulatory process is confidential and we are not able to comment on its progress”.

Several people familiar with the thinking of China’s antitrust regulators said the country’s chipmakers, such as Huawei’s HiSilicon and Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation, as well as state-backed chip investment group E-Town Capital had opposed the deal.

Their concerns stemmed from fears of handing greater control of the designs that underpinned a large portion of China’s chip industry to US-based Nvidia.

But Huang said a union between Arm and Nvidia would “only bring more innovation to the marketplace” and that he remained confident the deal would close.

Arm is fighting a long-running battle for control of its China business, after it and its partners failed to oust the head of its joint venture, Allen Wu.

Wu remains in legal control of the business and negotiations for his exit have yet to produce results.

Wu brought proceedings against Arm China last summer in the southern city of Shenzhen, where the joint venture is registered and where he has backing from some members of the local government, according to several people familiar with the situation.

The lawsuit, filed by two Arm China shareholders under Wu’s control, alleged that the board’s decision to remove him was invalid. Wu has been permitted to represent both Arm China and the two shareholders in the case, making him both plaintiff and defendant.

“He is basically suing himself,” said one person close to the matter. “One of his law firms can argue that the decision to remove him was invalid and the other law firm can agree.”

The Shenzhen court has yet to hold an official hearing for the case. People close to Arm China’s board are hopeful the judges may eventually install its representative as the defendant, but they have so far been unsuccessful.

Wu and Arm China did not respond to a request for comment.

(ZH) The Mysterious $85 Billion Surge In China's FX Reverse Repo

The Mysterious $85 Billion Surge In China's FX Reverse Repo

By Ye Xie, Bloomberg reporter and Markets Live commentator
A mysterious surge in dollar lending by Chinese banks in an arcane corner of the financial market is leading some investors to wonder whether it’s somehow related to the “stealth intervention” by the PBOC to slow yuan appreciation.
For years, Chinese banks had little use for foreign-currency reverse repo, which is effectively collateralized lending. That has dramatically changed since the pandemic. Banks’ FX reverse repos surged to a record $87 billion in April, from less than $2 billion a year earlier.
“Historically, Chinese banks FX assets and liabilities have consisted almost exclusively of loans and deposits,” Alex Etra, a senior strategist at Exante Data who previously worked at the New York Fed, wrote in a blog post. “But the surge in interbank lending (via reverse repo) in recent quarters is quite stark.”
It’s unclear why there’s this sudden surge. But what we do know is that:
  1. There’s a lot of dollar inflows to China through trade and portfolio investment over the past year.
  2. A lot of these flows have been absorbed by Chinese banks, while the PBOC shows few signs of intervention on its balance sheet. Without commercial banks’ activities, the yuan would have appreciated more.
  3. As a result, commercial banks have taken more currency risks. For example, Bank of China, one of the largest state lenders, used to be a net borrower in the FX swap market, but has become a net lender, according to Etra. The bank’s net open foreign-currency position on and off-balance sheet rose to $19 billion last year, the highest level since 2014.
It’s debatable whether Chinese banks are accumulating dollar assets and taking on more currency risks for commercial reasons, or if they are acting on behalf of the central bank to engage in “stealth intervention.”
But as Etra noted, so long as China runs a current account surplus, and global investors continue to purchase more Chinese assets, “someone somewhere in China is going to have plenty of dollars to lend.”
Janet Yellen’s Treasury Department has been keen to learn more about activities by Chinese state banks in the currency market. The curious surge in dollar lending in the derivative market could be a good starting point.

WSJ : MicroStrategy to Sell New Bitcoin Bond

MicroStrategy to Sell New Bitcoin Bond
Software provider doubles down on bet that digital assets will outperform cash

MicroStrategy Inc. MSTR -3.07% is borrowing $400 million in junk bonds to buy more bitcoins, adding to the company’s bet that digital assets will outperform cash.

This is the Tysons Corner, Va., company’s third bond sale to purchase bitcoins in less than a year. The new notes due in 2028 will be backed by claims on the business and “any bitcoins or other digital assets” acquired after the deal closes, excluding any claim on the company’s existing digital-asset portfolio.

In a filing Monday, MicroStrategy said it expects to post a $284.5 million loss, “based on fluctuations in market price of bitcoin,” during its next earnings report. The company held more than 92,000 bitcoins as of mid-May, according to company filings.

Prices on the company’s existing debt have fallen in recent months. The company’s $550 million convertible note due 2025 recently traded at 135.073 cents on the dollar, according to MarketAxess. That is down from around 200 cents at the start of April. Investors can exchange convertible debt for stock if shares hit a predetermined price.

MicroStrategy’s $1 billion convertible note due 2027 is trading at 67.307 cents on the dollar, implying a 7.089% yield. That is down from around 101 cents in February. The company’s share price fell 3.1% Monday to $469.81.

MicroStrategy, which sells data analytics software and services to businesses, caught investors’ attention over the past year by betting big on bitcoin.

Last year, the company sold over $1.6 billion of convertible bonds to purchase the cryptocurrency.

Shares of MicroStrategy are up more than 364% from August 2020, the same month that the company announced its first bitcoin investment, beating the S&P 500’s nearly 28% gain over that period.

The price of bitcoin has declined significantly since MicroStrategy’s stock peaked, trading around $36,000 on Monday from highs in April over $62,000. MicroStrategy shares are down more than 60% from a record of around $1,272 in February.

MicroStrategy has paid an average of $24,450 per bitcoin as of May 18, according to company filings.

MicroStrategy’s revenue has barely grown in a decade, rising to more than $480 million last year from $455 million in 2010. But the bitcoin purchases have attracted attention and new business, some analysts say. New accounts on the MicroStrategy website grew 281% in the first quarter, according to data compiled by analysts at Canaccord Genuity.

Michael Saylor, the company’s chief executive, has said buying bitcoins is intended to keep the company’s purchasing power from going down. He expects a rise in inflation to erode the value of cash over time. MicroStrategy’s existing bitcoin portfolio will be held by a newly formed subsidiary, MacroStrategy LLC, the company said Monday.

MicroStrategy didn’t respond to requests for comment on the bond sale.

Prior sales have spurred some stock downgrades. Citigroup analysts recommended that investors sell shares despite what they described as the strongest first-quarter performance in recent memory. “The issuance of new debt to fund Bitcoin purchases is aggressive and may be a deal breaker for some software investors,” they wrote in an April note.

Companies holding bitcoins in their treasuries face an accounting risk. Because bitcoin and other digital assets are considered “indefinite-lived intangible assets” rather than currencies, even a temporary drop below what the company paid for them can force a company to write down their value. MicroStrategy posted a net loss in the third quarter due in part to bitcoin price fluctuations.

“If a company substitutes cash in their treasury to buy cryptocurrency, that is speculation,” said David Kotok, chief investment officer at Cumberland Advisors. “They may win, they may lose, but that’s not what their basic business is.”

Others are more bullish on the company’s move. Analysts at Canaccord Genuity have placed a $920 price target on MicroStrategy shares, citing a combination of its bitcoin holdings and a healthy core software business.

“The halo effect from MicroStrategy’s Bitcoin strategy is resulting in incremental leads for the core business,” they wrote in a note on April 29.

For John McClain, portfolio manager at Diamond Hill Capital Management, the new MicroStrategy bonds represent a lower-risk, lower-reward opportunity for investors who might think bitcoin is currently undervalued. Unlike the company’s existing notes, which convert into stock, investors in the new issue won’t benefit from appreciation in MicroStrategy’s digital asset portfolio. But they will have the actual business as collateral.

“If bitcoin went down 75%, lenders would still have a lot of collateral coverage,” he said.

WSJ : U.S. Report Found It Plausible Covid-19 Leaked From Wuhan Lab

U.S. Report Found It Plausible Covid-19 Leaked From Wuhan Lab
The 2020 lab report was used by the State Department in its own inquiry during Trump administration

WASHINGTON—A report on the origins of Covid-19 by a U.S. government national laboratory concluded that the hypothesis claiming the virus leaked from a Chinese lab in Wuhan is plausible and deserves further investigation, according to people familiar with the classified document.

The study was prepared in May 2020 by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California and was drawn on by the State Department when it conducted an inquiry into the pandemic’s origins during the final months of the Trump administration.

It is attracting fresh interest in Congress now that President Biden has ordered that U.S. intelligence agencies report to him within weeks on how the virus emerged. Mr. Biden said that U.S. intelligence has focused on two scenarios—whether the coronavirus came from human contact with an infected animal or from a laboratory accident.

People familiar with the study said that it was prepared by Lawrence Livermore’s “Z Division,” which is its intelligence arm. Lawrence Livermore has considerable expertise on biological issues. Its assessment drew on genomic analysis of the SARS-COV-2 virus, which causes Covid-19, they said.

Scientists analyze the genetic makeup of viruses to try to determine how they evolved and spread in the population. Proponents on both sides of the debate over the origins of Covid-19 have cited such analysis to try to make their case.

A spokeswoman for Lawrence Livermore declined to comment on the report, which remains secret.

The assessment is said to have been among the first U.S. government efforts to seriously explore the hypothesis that the virus leaked from China’s Wuhan Institute of Virology along with the dominant hypothesis that the virus spread naturally from animals to humans. Although some prominent scientists have called for a fuller probe of the lab hypothesis in recent weeks, there is a strong consensus in the scientific community that a natural spillover remains the most likely explanation.

China’s government has repeatedly denied that the virus escaped from a Chinese laboratory and said it is cooperating fully with international efforts to find the pandemic’s origins. Many scientists and officials from other countries dispute that Beijing has provided sufficient access and transparency in the investigation. The Wuhan Institute of Virology has also denied that the virus leaked from its facilities and said that none of its staff have tested positive for Covid-19.

One person who read the document, which is dated May 27, 2020, said it made a strong case for further inquiry into the possibility the virus seeped out of the lab.

The study also had a major influence on the State Department’s probe into Covid-19’s origins. State Department officials received the study in late October 2020 and asked for more information, according to a timeline by the agency’s arms control and verification bureau, which was reviewed by The Wall Street Journal.

The study was important because it came from a respected national laboratory and differed from the dominant view in spring 2020 that the virus almost certainly was first transmitted to humans via an infected animal, a former official involved in the State Department inquiry said.

The State Department’s findings, which were vetted by U.S. intelligence agencies, were made public in a Jan. 15 fact sheet that listed a series of circumstantial reasons why the Covid-19 outbreak might have originated as a result of a lab accident. They include the assertion that “the U.S. government has reason to believe that several researchers inside the WIV became sick in autumn 2019” with symptoms that were consistent with Covid-19 or a seasonal flu.

The Journal reported last month that this assertion was based, at least in part, on a U.S. intelligence report, that three WIV researchers became sick enough in November 2019 that they sought hospital care.

White House spokeswoman Jen Psaki has said that the information on the three researchers came from a foreign entity and that additional corroboration is needed. Biden administration officials also have noted that the State Department’s Jan. 15 fact sheet acknowledges that the U.S. government doesn’t know precisely where, when and how the virus was first transmitted to humans.

The existence of the Lawrence Livermore study was reported by the Sinclair Broadcast Group last month and was noted in a recent article by Vanity Fair.

In his statement on May 26 calling for a fresh intelligence investigation, Mr. Biden didn’t reference the classified Lawrence Livermore report, but he said that U.S. national laboratories, overseen by the Energy Department, would augment the spy agencies’ work.

After the initial public reports about the Lawrence Livermore study, Republicans on the House Energy and Commerce Committee—who are conducting their own investigations into Covid-19’s origins—wrote the lab’s director, Dr. Kimberly Budil, requesting a classified briefing on the issue.

Secretary of State Antony Blinken said in a recent interview with Axios that was broadcast on HBO Max that the U.S. needs to get to the bottom of what happened to prevent or mitigate the effects of future pandemics.

The Chinese government, he added, hasn’t provided sufficient access or information to advance international probes into Covid-19 origins.

“What the government didn’t do in the early days and still hasn’t done is given us the transparency we need,” Mr. Blinken told Axios.

FT : CVC in talks to set up $4bn global tennis group

CVC in talks to set up $4bn global tennis group
PE firm would invest $600m in deal that would join up men’s and women’s tour calendars

CVC Capital Partners is in talks over a $600m deal that would bring together the men’s and women’s pro tennis calendars and allow the private equity firm to buy into the sport.

Under the proposals, CVC would take a 15 per cent stake in One Tennis, a new entity set up to manage media and data rights for both tours, according to people familiar with the proposals, valuing it at $4bn. 

The Association of Tennis Professionals and the Women’s Tennis Association, the governing bodies of the tours, would remain as separate entities and be in charge of sporting decisions.

But they would co-ordinate schedules so male and female players would play in more of the same events, as they do in the “majors” — the four elite tournaments including Wimbledon and the US Open that have a separate governing body. 

If agreed, the deal would mark a first foray into tennis for CVC, a Luxembourg-based private equity group that has been making a push for sports deals worldwide, including in football, rugby, volleyball, basketball and motor racing. 

The firm used to own Formula One and MotoGP and has bought into the Six Nations, Premiership Rugby and Pro 14 rugby tournaments as well as the International Volleyball Federation. It has held talks to invest in Italy’s Serie A football league, Germany’s Bundesliga and the San Antonio Spurs basketball team.

CVC’s recent strategy has been to try to acquire minority stakes in leading competitions in an effort to gain enough influence to take over the commercial running of sports leagues and tournaments and bundle together media rights packages to sell around the world.

CVC declined to comment.

The ATP tour consists of 64 tournaments in 31 countries, while the WTA, founded by Billie Jean King in 1973, runs more than 50.

Under the proposed deal One Tennis would manage the broadcasting rights for both bodies’ tournaments, as well as the rights to sell data to gambling companies.

The ATP has a contract with IMG for betting data while the WTA has a deal with Stats Perform, both of which could be overseen by One Tennis if the deal goes ahead. 

Mark Webster, chief executive of the ATP’s existing sales and broadcast arm ATP Media, has been lined up to run One Tennis, with ATP Media becoming part of the new entity, a person familiar with the matter said. 

A deal could potentially be agreed as soon as this month, one of the people said. It would aim to create an entity that could eventually bid to run the grand slam tournaments’ media and data rights, they added. 

The WTA and ATP said they were “continually looking for ways to bring the sport closer together in order to provide an enhanced experience for fans, players and tournaments”. They added: “By working together, we believe there may be significant opportunities ahead and we are exploring all options. These are preliminary stages and any opportunities will be assessed in close consultation with our respective stakeholders.”

Both organisations were forced to suspend tournaments last year because of the coronavirus pandemic. News of the talks were first reported by Sky News

Andrea Gaudenzi, chair of the ATP, told the Financial Times last year that he was in favour of merging the ATP and the WTA. Roger Federer, who shares the record of winning 20 major titles, and Billie Jean King have also spoken out in favour of a merger.

FT : Carmakers must ‘put money on table’ to avoid repeat of chip crisis

Carmakers must ‘put money on table’ to avoid repeat of chip crisis
Warning from parts maker Bosch comes as shortage of semiconductors shows no sign of easing

Bosch, Europe’s largest auto supplier, has warned car manufacturers that they must put “money on the table” and make a “rock solid” commitment to orders if they are to avoid a repeat of the chip shortage bedevilling the industry.

“The only way to get out of [the recent crisis] is to have a different level of commitment,” Harald Krüger, a board member at the privately owned German group, told the Financial Times.

Automakers can no longer make last-minute decisions based on fluctuations in demand, said Krüger, pointing to the long lead times in chip production and increasing demand for the semiconductors.

Modern cars use dozens of chips to power everything from parking sensors to entertainment hubs, to engine control systems.

“Money needs to be put on the table and actually parts have to be bought,” Krüger said. “The commitment needs to be rock solid that those parts will be bought. It can’t be: ‘Maybe I [will] buy them, prepare for it, and maybe not.’ This doesn’t work.”

Carmakers have been forced to scale back production after a robust rebound in sales this year caught them flat-footed and battling against the consumer electronics industry for a limited supply of chips.

The industry is expected to produce at least 1m fewer cars than initially forecast this year, with several companies, including Bosch, warning that shortages will continue into 2022.

The deepening crisis has already prompted some to consider radical measures. Last month, the FT reported that Tesla was about to take the unusual step of paying for chips in advance while also exploring buying a semiconductor plant.

The bosses of Mercedes-Benz maker Daimler and Volkswagen’s Porsche told the FT earlier this year that their companies were considering building up stockpiles of the crucial components, in a departure from the industry’s decades-old “just-in-time” procurement system.

Krüger’s intervention came as Bosch on Monday opened a new semiconductor factory in the east German city of Dresden, which will produce chips on 300mm wafers.

The €1bn plant is the largest investment in the company’s history, and the vast majority of semiconductors made there will end up inside Bosch’s own automotive parts.

“By doing our own stuff we can ease some pain in the system,” Krüger said, although he added that the ramp up “will take some time”.

The decision to build the new plant was made four years ago, and Krüger said that Bosch’s direct competitors would find it hard to belatedly follow suit.

“It is mission impossible to enter now into the game,” he said. “It would be so much effort, and too much time needed to get something meaningful out of [the investment].”

Bosch is the latest group to invest in a part of Germany dubbed “Silicon Saxony”, an area being eyed by policymakers as a solution to Europe’s over-reliance on Asian suppliers of semiconductors. Chipmakers GlobalFoundries, Infineon, and X-Fab have all invested in the region.

The EU has earmarked a portion of its €750bn Covid-19 recovery fund to strengthen Europe’s semiconductor design and manufacturing capabilities.

For its new factory, Bosch received €140m in European subsidies. “It’s a very smart investment,” Krüger, a former Tesla board member, said of government funding for European plants. “It paid off big time for some of those Asian countries, and it will pay off big time for the western economies.”

FT : Bill Ackman’s Universal Music deal heralds the era of Spac 2.0

Bill Ackman’s Universal Music deal heralds the era of Spac 2.0
Hedge fund manager’s blank-cheque company is rewriting the rules after boom cools

Bill Ackman has already once tried — and failed — to redefine the Spac. Now he is trying again.

The hedge fund manager’s special purpose acquisition company, Pershing Square Tontine Holdings, which raised $4bn last year, was not just the largest blank-cheque vehicle ever launched. It did away with some of the perks for founders, such as free shares, which have given the Spac phenomenon a bad name in some quarters.

Few Spacs followed the model, as the boom in new issues continued into this year, only to suddenly cool in the past few months. With his complex deal to buy a stake in Universal Music and split PSTH into three, announced on Friday, Ackman is positioning himself for the next phase of the Spac era.

The headline acquisition was not what anyone expected. Instead of buying a Bloomberg or a Stripe, private companies of the size and stature to go public in the US through a $4bn Spac, Ackman said he was purchasing a 10 per cent stake in the music publisher at a $40bn valuation and would distribute Universal shares to PSTH investors after the company lists in Europe later this year. That looked more like a short-term hedge fund deal than a traditional Spac transaction.

Yet it was the other parts of the announcement that could be a harbinger of what is to come for Spacs, as they navigate a new landscape of investor scepticism and regulatory pressure.

After the distribution of Universal Music shares, PSTH will carry on as a smaller blank-cheque company that will continue to hunt for targets. There is also to be a new vehicle that will give his current investors an option to finance another future transaction, but without having to pony up the cash in advance as they do in a traditional Spac.

The three-pronged plan initially sent shares in PSTH down to their lowest price since September last year, but on Monday they had rebounded a bit, as investors digested Ackman’s ability to get out of a tough situation in a fairly elegant way.

PSTH is hardly the only Spac struggling to find a full-blown acquisition. After the burst of fundraising, more than 400 are looking.

Michael Ohlrogge, an assistant professor at New York University, said it was difficult for Ackman to find a decent deal in part because valuations of private companies willing to go public have reached feverish heights over the past year. 

“To the extent that Ackman wasn’t able to find a deal that could deploy all of his Spac’s capital in a company at a reasonable valuation, I think that it’s good that he found a creative alternative as he did,” Ohlrogge said. 

Now investors will now have two more opportunities to participate in deals led by Ackman, neither of which will be under the usual constraints of Spacs.

PSTH will remain a cash shell company that will have access to up to $2.9bn through a funding agreement with Ackman’s hedge fund, but this time there will be no two-year time limit. Pershing Square funds will own about 29 per cent of the company.

The other vehicle is a new entity that Ackman is calling a special purpose acquisition rights company, or Sparc, whose holders will have an option but not an obligation to participate in the next deal. The Sparc will list on the New York Stock Exchange, but unlike a Spac, it will not raise money before finding a target and there is no obligation on PSTH investors to exercise the option. If they choose to do so, they will pay $20 a share.

Shivaram Rajgopal, a professor at Columbia Business School, said there were positive aspects to the complicated deal.

“The Sparc structure goes a step further than the Spac and gives better options to the capital providers. It involves a little bit less ‘trust me with the money’ kind of situation that we have with Spacs,” he said.

The US Securities and Exchange Commission has put the brakes on the Spac phenomenon since a record number of fundraisings in the first two months of 2021. It has stepped up scrutiny of deal announcements, warned promoters against making outlandish growth forecasts for the companies they acquire, and forced Spacs to make time-consuming changes to their accounting.

Criticism of Spacs has also reached Congress. “It appears that Spac mergers are structured to ensure Wall Street insiders receive huge profits, and retail investors pay the costs,” Maxine Waters, the California Democrat who chairs the House of Representatives committee on financial services, said at a hearing last month.

Investor enthusiasm for Spacs has further waned this year in part because of the poor share price performance from companies that have announced or completed their acquisitions.

The two-year time limit imposed on Spacs is thought to lead to lower quality deals as sponsors, faced with losing their initial investment if they fail to strike a deal, rush to woo companies that may not be ready to go public. The Sparc could help alleviate the pressure and potentially lead to better dealmaking.

“This structure makes far more sense,” Rajgopal said. “I think this is Spac 2.0.”