- Siemens Energy (ENR TH) +1.7%
- Europe’s Battered Wind Sector Starts to Find Hope In Year of Crisis
- OMV (OMV TH) +1.4%
- Intesa Sanpaolo (IES TH) +1.4%
- BPER Banca (4BE TH) +1.3%
- Watch Italy Banks After Moody’s Raises Outlook on Country’s Debt
- Volvo Car (8JO TH) +1.2%
- Vodafone (VODI TH) +1.1%
- Diageo (GUI TH) +1%
- Equinor (DNQ TH) +1%
- First Cross-Border Carbon Storage Deal Signed for Ammonia Plant
- Antofagasta (FG1 TH) -1.7%
- Chinese Copper Smelter Inks First Drop in Fees in 3 Years
- Vestas (VWSB TH) -1.7%
- Glencore (8GC TH) -1.8%
- Pandora (3P7 TH) -2.1%
- Pandora Cut to Hold at Jyske Bank; PT 1,000 kroner
- Schneider Electric (SND TH) -2.4%
- Schneider Electric Offers Up to €750M in 2030 Convertibles
- Ashtead (0LC TH) -3.2%
- Ashtead Group PLC AHT Trading Update
- Aurubis (NDA TH) -3.4%
- Worldline (WO6 TH) -3.6%
- Worldline Cut to Neutral at Goldman; PT 17 euros
- AMS-Osram (DQW1 TH) -4.9%
- AMS-Osram to Issue Shares at CHF1.07 Apiece
- Bayer (BAYN TH) -6.1%
- Bayer Study Halt, Roundup Verdict Both Negatives: Morgan Stanley
DAX:
- Siemens Energy (ENR TH) +1.4%
- Europe’s Battered Wind Sector Starts to Find Hope In Year of Crisis
- Bayer (BAYN TH) -5.4%
- Bayer Study Halt, Roundup Verdict Both Negatives: Morgan Stanley
MDAX:
- Jenoptik (JEN TH) +1.3%
- FUCHS SE (FPE3 TH) -1.4%
- Aurubis (NDA TH) -3.5%
- Chinese Copper Smelter Inks First Drop in Fees in 3 Years
- Watch European Miners as Iron Ore Advances on Stimulus Optimism
- Aurubis Cut to Neutral at Oddo BHF; PT 86 euros
SDAX:
- Adtran Holdings (QH9 TH) +2.4%
- Wacker Neuson (WAC TH) +2.2%
- Borussia Dortmund (BVB TH) +1.5%
- Deutsche Wohnen (DWNI TH) +1.5%
- SFC Energy (F3C TH) +1.1%
- Heidelberger Druck (HDD TH) -1.4%
- PNE AG (PNE3 TH) -1.7%
- Synlab (SYAB TH) -2.5%
Private equity resorts to buying back companies after IPO flops
EQT, Cinven and General Atlantic among those involved in take-private deals for businesses floated two years ago
Private equity firms are resorting to buying back companies they only recently took public, in a bid to salvage investments that have struggled to perform on stock exchanges.
Firms including EQT, Cinven and Silver Lake have in the past few months either taken private or considered buying back public companies they owned or in which they held a large minority stake.
The tactic underscores the difficulties that buyout groups have had exiting their portfolio companies via the public markets, historically an important way of monetising their largest assets. In 2021, with public markets trading at record highs, buyout houses floated a record 287 companies worth just shy of $140bn, according to Dealogic data.
“IPOs sometimes bring their own challenges. There are those examples where the public markets haven’t taken to companies in the way the sponsor would have liked, there has been volatility in the share price or there hasn’t been liquidity for sponsors to sell out,” said Alastair Brown, a partner at the law firm Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer, who works with private equity groups.
Shares in many companies taken public by private equity firms in 2021 have fallen well below the price at which they initially floated, presenting a chance for the firms to buy them back cheaply, industry executives said.
In August, Swedish private equity giant EQT offered to take private German software group Suse in a deal worth about €3bn after a tech sell-off and profit warning dented the shares, about half the valuation at which EQT listed a 24 per cent stake in April 2021.
In September, UK private equity house Cinven struck a deal to buy back the outstanding shares in Synlab, a laboratory and medical diagnostic services company in which it retained a 40 per cent stake, after a disappointing run of performance and a profit warning.
And Silver Lake said last month that it was considering taking entertainment group Endeavor private again after the company and its chief executive Ari Emanuel became frustrated with lacklustre share price performance. The US private equity group controls just over 70 per cent of Endeavour’s voting rights.
“We’ve only seen the beginning, clearly there will be more,” the head of equity capital markets at one large European private equity firm said.
Some private equity groups have also participated in take-private offers for portfolio companies led by rivals in an effort to facilitate the deals and boost share prices.
Last month, General Atlantic agreed to roll most of its 52 per cent stake in software group EngageSmart into a $4bn buyout led by Vista Equity Partners, two years after General Atlantic listed it on the public markets.
Vista used a similar manoeuvre in its $4.6bn sale of events planning software company Cvent to Blackstone in March. Vista, which retained an 81 per cent stake in Cvent after floating it in 2021, agreed to roll $1.25bn into the buyout through a preferred equity investment to boost the sale price.
Private equity firms still own large stakes in dozens of former portfolio companies whose shares are languishing on the public markets.
These include boots brand Dr Martens, whose shares are down almost 70 per cent since Permira listed it in January 2021; chemicals firm Azelis, which has shed 25 per cent of its value since EQT brought it to market in October 2021; and cyber security company Exclusive Networks, which has dropped 10 per cent.
Private equity houses that do take companies back into private ownership can try to build the businesses or carve them up to increase their value. “The private markets can be a flexible place to do that because they don’t come with the scrutiny of regular reporting to public market investors,” said Christopher Sullivan, UK head of private equity for the law firm Clifford Chance.
But such deals to de-list companies from the public markets are not always popular with investors in private equity funds or with public equities fund managers who want to back a company but cannot participate in the private vehicle. “The market typically hates them,” one adviser to private equity firms said.
Part of the problem is that one failed public listing means getting out of the business might be even more difficult later on, putting pressure on the investment firm to transform the company.
“In order to relist, there need to be fundamental changes to the company,” one buyout executive said.
>>> Up
* Atlas Copco Raised to Buy at Nordea; PT 180 kronor
* CD Projekt Raised to Hold at Wood & Company; PT 120 zloty
* Compass Minerals Raised to Neutral at JPMorgan; PT $24
* Currys Raised to Outperform at RBC; PT 70 pence
* Ferrovial Raised to Add at AlphaValue/Baader
* National Bank of Greece Raised to Buy at Deutsche Bank
* Rolls-Royce price target raised to 310 GBp from 210 GBp at Deutsche Bank
* Rolls-Royce price target raised to 310 GBp from 210 GBp at Deutsche Bank
* Standard Chartered Raised to Buy at Goldman; PT 868 pence
>>> Down
>>> Down
* Aurubis Cut to Neutral at Oddo BHF; PT 86 euros
* Glencore Cut to Equal-Weight at Morgan Stanley; PT 510 pence
* Ipsen Cut to Hold at Jefferies; PT 116 euros
* Ipsen Cut to Hold at Jefferies; PT 116 euros
* Maersk Cut to Add at AlphaValue/Baader
* Pandora Cut to Hold at Jyske Bank; PT 1,000 kroner
* Worldline Cut to Neutral at Goldman; PT 17 euro
>>> Initiation
* Bayer Reinstated Equal-Weight at Morgan Stanley; PT 52 euros
>>> Call
>>> Initiation
* Bayer Reinstated Equal-Weight at Morgan Stanley; PT 52 euros
>>> Call
* Bayer Study Halt, Roundup Verdict Both Negatives: Morgan Stanley
* Ipsen Cut to Hold at Jefferies on Potential Pipeline Risks
* Ipsen Cut to Hold at Jefferies on Potential Pipeline Risks
Stocks advanced in Asia and the dollar weakened on mounting speculation the Federal Reserve is nearing the end of its tightening cycle. Japan’s Nikkei 225 Stock Average touched a fresh 33-year high. A gauge of regional equities headed for its highest close in two months after dovish comments from Federal Reserve officials last week bolstered bets the central bank is done with interest-rate hikes. The dollar slipped against all its Group-of-10 peers while an index of emerging-market currencies climbed to the highest since February. Traders are currently pricing in around 30% probability of the first Fed rate cut in March after Fed Vice Chair for Supervision Michael Barr said Friday officials are likely at or near the end of their tightening campaign. Still, San Francisco Fed President Mary Daly said policymakers aren’t certain inflation is on a path to their 2% target. Treasuries edged lower before a 20-year bond auction that will help gauge whether investors are confident 2023’s selloff is over once and for all. The Treasury market is poised to post its first monthly returns in November, ending a six-month losing streak. Australian and New Zealand bonds also retreated. Investors should expect continued downward pressure on Treasury yields and the dollar as dovish Fed narrative remains in place, according to Win Thin, global head of currency strategy at Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. The Nikkei 225 Stock Average briefly surpassed its June intraday peak to reach the highest level since 1990, extending its gains this year to more than 28%. The index has been boosted by an extended period of yen weakness, solid company earnings, and corporate governance reforms championed by the Tokyo Stock Exchange.
The offshore yuan strengthened after the People’s Bank of China boosted its daily reference rate for the currency to the strongest level since August. The nation’s commercial lenders on Monday kept their benchmark lending rates unchanged, in line with the central bank’s decision this month to maintain policy rates in favor of other means to support stimulus spending. US equity futures ticked marginally lower in Asia after the S&P 500 rose above 4,500 on Friday to cap its third straight weekly gains. In Argentina, libertarian candidate Javier Milei defeated Economy Minister Sergio Massa to win Sunday’s presidential runoff. There was no immediate reaction in the markets due to a holiday. Oil rose as investors looked ahead to an OPEC+ meeting on supply that will shape market balances into 2024. Investors are also watching for any impact from the tensions at OpenAI. OpenAI’s interim Chief Executive Officer Mira Murati plans to re-hire her ousted predecessor Sam Altman and former President Greg Brockman in a capacity that has yet to be finalized, according to a report.
Nikkei -0,36% Hang Seng +1,77% CSI +0,30% Shanghai +0,45% Shenzen +0,58%
Eur$ 1,0927 CNH CNY JPY GBP CHF RUB TRY WTI$ Gold BTC ETH
S&P -0,10% Nasdaq -0,30% EuroStoxx +0,05% FTSE +0,01% Dax +0,02% SMI -0,05%
Macro :
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- Burry’s Bets Against Chip Stocks Clash With Signs of Turnaround
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- Watch Italy Banks After Moody’s Raises Outlook on Country’s Debt
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Keep an eye on :
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- HFD LN : Redde Northgate Approached Halfords For £1.4b Merger: Telegraph
- META US : Meta Breaks Up Its Responsible AI Team
- MSFT US : Altman Leaving OpenAI After Board Says It Lost Confidence in Him
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Sam Altman Not Returning as CEO of OpenAI; Emmett Shear to Be Interim CEO
Board that fired Altman opted not to agree to proposed terms of his reinstatement
SAN FRANCISCO— Sam Altman’s bid to return to OpenAI after being ousted Friday faltered late Sunday, as the board that fired him opted not to agree to proposed terms of his reinstatement.
Emmett Shear, former CEO of Twitch, was named interim CEO, according to people with knowledge of the matter.
Altman was at the company’s office earlier in the day, his camp having succeeded in bringing the board to the negotiating table as investors and many employees pushed over the weekend to help him retake control of one of Silicon Valley’s most valuable and high-profile startups.
The former chief executive officer entered with a guest badge on Sunday and posted on X: “first and last time i ever wear one of these.”
Altman proposed a series of high-profile tech executives to potentially helm a new board that would be more aligned to his business vision. As talks continued Sunday, boxes of takeout food were seen being delivered to the company’s offices.
Names floated include Bret Taylor, the former co-chief executive of Salesforce; Brian Chesky, the chief executive of Airbnb who has been a longtime confidant of Altman’s; and Laurene Powell Jobs, founder and president of Emerson Collective, people familiar with the matter said.
Sheryl Sandberg, the former chief operating officer of Meta Platforms, also came up. Bloomberg previously reported that Taylor is being considered.
Microsoft’s MSFT -1.68%decrease; red down pointing triangle executives have also pushed for oversight in a new corporate structure, including a potential board observer seat that would give it more visibility into the company’s governance. Any greater role on the board could be a regulatory concern; Microsoft has kept its ownership stake in OpenAI below the 50% mark to avoid raising the attention of regulators.
Among all the investors, Microsoft might be the most deeply intertwined in the fate of OpenAI, and the startup’s turmoil has been a liability. Beyond being OpenAI’s largest backer, Microsoft has reoriented its business around the startup’s AI software. Shares in Microsoft fell after the news of Altman’s firing.
Altman forged the deal with Microsoft, and has used the fundraising prowess he honed as a startup founder, investor and president of startup accelerator Y Combinator to feed the massive appetite for computing power, and thus money, of OpenAI’s breakthrough large language model technology.
The abrupt shake-up at OpenAI turns on one of the oldest tales in Silicon Valley: a breakup between a founder and his board.
But in this case it was a very particular kind of founder—the face of Silicon Valley’s artificial-intelligence revolution—and a very particular kind of board, which was tasked with making social good a priority over profit. The rupture threatens the future of the company and the billions of dollars investors had put into it.
Over the weekend, Altman made clear to his allies that if he does return, he wants a new board and governance structure, people familiar with the matter said. If he doesn’t return, Altman is considering starting his own venture, potentially with talent from OpenAI.
Two days after the board fired Altman, different explanations persisted for the initial firing. The board said Friday that it pushed out the CEO after it concluded he hadn’t been candid with the company’s directors. It didn’t elaborate.
People close to Altman said the ouster had more to do with disputes around the safety of the company’s artificial-intelligence efforts and a power struggle with one co-founder and board member, Ilya Sutskever.
On Sunday, a person familiar with the board stood by the board’s statement citing Altman’s lack of candor. This person said there was no single precipitating incident but rather a mounting loss of trust over communications with Altman that led it to remove him as CEO. The person declined to offer examples.
The ouster from OpenAI wasn’t the first time Altman was asked to leave a company. Several years ago, senior leaders at the venture firm Y Combinator asked Altman to step down as president after mounting concerns about the time he was spending on his other business endeavors, including at OpenAI, according to investors briefed by the venture firm’s executives—information not previously reported.
In addition to OpenAI, Altman recently hatched plans for two new business endeavors. He enlisted Apple’s former chief design officer, Jony Ive, to create a consumer hardware device. And he recently spent weeks in the Middle East gauging investor interest for a new startup aiming to create low-cost chips needed to train OpenAI’s artificial-intelligence models, people familiar with the matter said.
It is unclear whether those efforts, or the communication around it, played into Altman’s dismissal. Bloomberg earlier reported on the new chips venture. The Information and the Financial Times earlier reported the new Ive venture.
With his firing from OpenAI, Altman quickly got the upper hand in terms of public messaging. The board didn’t use a communications or law firm in its dealings, people familiar with the board said, expecting that the OpenAI team would help them. But Altman had loyalty from investors and employees.
The board ended up isolated as social media became filled with shock and support for Altman. His largest backers, including Microsoft and Thrive Capital, immediately on Friday began pressing for Altman’s position to be restored. Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella began working with Altman that evening on his next steps, people familiar with Altman said.
Despite his business success, Altman had been losing the support of a board whose constituents changed as the company’s commercial efforts powered ahead. It was a board structure that he had ironically helped create and publicly promoted as he encountered questions about AI safety.
Before Friday’s dust-up, the board consisted of six people, including Altman. Then, it abruptly removed Greg Brockman, OpenAI’s president and a close friend of Altman’s, and voted to oust Altman. None of the four board members remaining were affiliated with the company’s big investors. It isn’t clear whether the vote was unanimous.
The board that took the action was down from the nine seats it had earlier in the year and lacked at least one key prior Altman backer. Earlier this year, Reid Hoffman, a Silicon Valley venture capitalist with a long history of supporting Altman, stepped down after starting a rival company to OpenAI.
Separately, Shivon Zilis, a tech executive at Elon Musk’s brain-implant startup Neuralink, and Will Hurd, who started a presidential campaign, also left this year.
The board had been working to fill those empty seats for months, though the process stalled, according to a person familiar with the matter.
The other four directors are: Adam D’Angelo, a former Facebook executive and the founder of the question-and-answer website Quora; Tasha McCauley, an adjunct senior management scientist at Rand; Helen Toner, a director at a Washington nonprofit; and OpenAI’s chief scientist, Sutskever.
Altman this weekend was furious with himself for not having ensured the board stayed loyal to him and regretted not spending more time managing its various factions, people familiar with his thinking said.
Dépakine : autour de l’usine Sanofi de Mourenx, des familles brisent le silence sur les maladies de leurs enfants
Selon les informations du « Monde », une plainte a été déposée pour mise en danger d’autrui par la mère de deux enfants autistes. Elle n’a jamais pris de Dépakine, cet antiépileptique responsable de malformations et de troubles chez des enfants exposés in utero, mais a été exposée à des rejets dans l’atmosphère.
Le scandale de la Dépakine n’a peut-être pas livré tous ses secrets, ni dévoilé toutes ses victimes. L’antiépileptique commercialisé depuis 1967 par le laboratoire Sanofi est responsable de malformations et de troubles neurodéveloppementaux chez des milliers d’enfants de mères traitées pendant leur grossesse. Selon les témoignages recueillis par Le Monde, des pathologies similaires sont présentes chez des enfants de riverains de l’usine qui produit la Dépakine, à Mourenx (Pyrénées-Atlantiques), et de travailleuses fréquentant la zone industrielle. Aucune mère n’a pris le médicament, toutes s’interrogent sur le lien avec les rejets dans l’air de valproate de sodium, son principe actif, autour du site.
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C’est le cas de Mélanie S. (qui souhaite garder l’anonymat), dont les deux enfants présentent des troubles neurodéveloppementaux semblables à ceux observés chez les enfants exposés in utero à la Dépakine. Mélanie S. n’a jamais consommé de Dépakine, mais travaille depuis 2011 dans un bureau situé à une cinquantaine de mètres de la cheminée de Sanofi. Après des années d’hésitation, le diagnostic d’autisme de sa fille en juillet, après celui de son fils trois ans plus tôt, l’a décidée à saisir la justice. Mercredi 15 novembre, une plainte a été déposée contre X pour mise en danger d’autrui auprès du pôle santé publique du tribunal judiciaire de Paris.
Ce pôle est chargé d’une enquête depuis que le parquet a ouvert en 2022 une information judiciaire, notamment pour mise en danger d’autrui, après la révélation, en juillet 2018, de rejets massifs dans l’atmosphère de valproate de sodium et de bromopropane (classé cancérogène, mutagène et reprotoxique possible) par l’usine Sanofi de Mourenx. Mélanie S. est ingénieure. « Je suis scientifique. Je ne peux rien affirmer. Je m’interroge sur le lien entre mon exposition et les troubles constatés chez mes enfants, explique-t-elle. Mon espoir est que la justice se saisisse de cette plainte pour répondre à mes questions et enquêter au-delà de mon cas sur ce qui pourrait potentiellement être un scandale sanitaire. »
Contacté par Le Monde, Sanofi indique ne pas avoir connaissance de la procédure. Classé Seveso seuil haut, le site de Mourenx, situé sur le bassin chimique de Lacq, a émis du bromopropane en quantité très importante (jusqu’à 190 000 fois plus que la valeur autorisée) et ne bénéficiait d’aucune autorisation pour rejeter dans l’air du valproate de sodium. Selon un rapport de 2018 de l’Institut national de l’environnement industriel et des risques, l’usine Sanofi en a recraché entre 13 tonnes et 20 tonnes par an jusqu’en 2018, année où elle a été mise en demeure par les autorités de mettre un terme à ces émissions toxiques.
Le groupe pharmaceutique précise qu’un seuil d’émission a été fixé à partir d’avril 2018 et que, depuis cette date, le site opère « dans le respect des réglementations pour produire un traitement essentiel pour de très nombreux patients ». Sanofi ajoute qu’une « société indépendante a réalisé en 2017 une étude sur les émissions du procédé de valproate de sodium » qui n’a pas relevé « de risques particuliers liés aux rejets ». Dans un avis rendu un an plus tard, l’Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l’alimentation, de l’environnement et du travail (Anses) précisait pourtant qu’il n’existait pas de seuil minimal de rejets au-dessous duquel le principe actif de la Dépakine ne présenterait pas de risque pour la santé.
« Pas une vie normale »
« Nous savons depuis des années que l’usine Sanofi de Mourenx a rejeté, dans le passé, de grandes quantités de valproate de sodium et de bromopropane dans l’atmosphère, mettant en danger les riverains, commente Me Charles Joseph-Oudin, l’avocat de Mélanie S. et de l’Association d’aide aux parents d’enfants souffrant du syndrome de l’anticonvulsivant (Apesac). Cette mise en danger n’est pas que théorique, car des familles riveraines, qui n’ont jamais consommé de Dépakine prescrite par un médecin, souffrent des effets indésirables liés à l’exposition à ce médicament pendant la grossesse. »
Lire aussi : Article réservé à nos abonnés Anne et Jean-Henri, parents de deux « enfants Dépakine » : « Ce médicament a bousillé notre vie »
Ajouter à vos sélections
Trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA), troubles relationnels, crises de colère, crises de larmes, difficultés de concentration et d’attention, troubles ORL, troubles visuels, maux de tête… les nombreux troubles listés dans les épais dossiers médicaux des enfants de Mélanie, nés en 2014 et 2016, correspondent cliniquement aux effets liés à l’exposition in utero à la Dépakine mis en évidence par la littérature scientifique. Ils nécessitent de lourdes prises en charge. « Tout petit, mon fils se tapait la tête contre le sol, contre les murs, contre les tables. La vie de parents d’enfants souffrant de troubles du développement n’est pas une vie normale, dit pudiquement Mélanie S. J’aimerais obtenir réparation pour mes enfants dont le quotidien nécessitera des adaptations tout au long de leur vie. »
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Ses interrogations sont renforcées par la découverte de la présence de valproate de sodium dans son sang. En août 2018, soit un mois après la révélation des rejets illégaux de Sanofi, Mélanie S. réalise un test de Dépakinémie. L’analyse est positive alors même que la production est à l’arrêt. Me Joseph-Oudin en déduit que sa cliente avait « très probablement » du valproate de sodium dans le sang pendant et entre ses grossesses, « en raison de l’inhalation quotidienne de ce produit, à haute concentration, pendant sept années ».
« A l’instar de ceux de Mélanie, des centaines d’enfants ont probablement été intoxiquées par la Dépakine dans la région de Mourenx », estime Marine Martin, la présidente de l’Apesac. Auditionnée vendredi 10 novembre dans le cadre de l’information judiciaire ouverte en 2022, la lanceuse d’alerte s’interroge sur l’existence d’un « possible cluster ». « Pour le vérifier, il y a un moyen très simple : chercher les signaux en recensant le nombre d’enfants atteints de troubles neurodéveloppementaux et les malformations congénitales à partir de la base de données de l’Assurance maladie », dit-elle.
La fondatrice de l’Apesac a été sollicitée par plusieurs familles. La plupart restent réticentes à saisir la justice et à sortir de l’anonymat. Mme Martin évoque une « omerta » : « Tout le monde sait qu’il y a des cas et que c’est à cause de la Dépakine, mais il y a un dilemme parce que Sanofi est une entreprise importante de la région. » Marine Martin espère que cette première plainte, qu’elle voit comme « un aboutissement », permettra de « délier les langues ».
« Avec le vent, vous avez été protégée »
Charles Joseph-Oudin évoque des dossiers en cours de constitution pour une dizaine de familles. Certaines avec des enfants présentant « des symptômes et des troubles clairement associés à la Dépakine » et d’autres avec des enfants exposés mais ne présentant pas de signes. « Pour ces familles, c’est très angoissant, car les troubles n’apparaissent pas immédiatement ; souvent, ils ne sont diagnostiqués qu’au bout de plusieurs années », explique l’avocat de l’Apesac.
Chez le fils de Tina H., qui vit à Mourenx, les « premiers bugs » sont apparus en 2018, à l’âge de 3 ans, d’abord sous forme de « poussées de violence ». Un an plus tard, elle retrouve l’enfant inanimé dans son lit, endormi dans son urine et son vomi : « On était en train de le perdre. » Aux urgences, il convulse devant les secours ; le diagnostic tombe : épileptique. « Il y en a beaucoup dans le secteur », lui confient des médecins. Tina H. se lance dans des recherches : sur les réseaux sociaux, elle identifie rapidement « trois ou quatre familles » autour de Mourenx avec des enfants diagnostiqués épileptiques « sans aucune cause mise en évidence ».
Dans son « cercle proche », trois autres familles sont aussi touchées. Aucun de ces enfants n’a d’antécédents et aucune famille n’a pris de Dépakine. « Je sais qu’il n’y a pas de preuves scientifiques pour l’instant d’un lien entre l’exposition au valproate de sodium et l’épilepsie, mais ça mériterait d’être creusé », dit Tina H. Alors que la maladie est très rarement héréditaire, parmi les 8 000 membres de l’Apesac, environ un tiers des enfants sont épileptiques.
Si Tina H. « envisage une plainte », c’est aussi parce que son fils présente d’autres troubles invalidants : dyspraxie, dysgraphie, troubles du déficit de l’attention. « Quand mon fils est tombé malade, il était hospitalisé trois fois par semaine, j’ai dû arrêter de travailler pendant trois ans. Le mois dernier, nous en avons eu pour 500 euros de frais de prise en charge non remboursés, c’est un tiers de mon salaire. » Tina H. travaille au sein de l’éducation nationale. Elle se dit « surprise » par le « ratio important d’élèves présentant des troubles autistiques, de l’attention ou dyspraxiques » dans les différents établissements où elle a exercé. « Les médecins scolaires, aussi, sont étonnés », ajoute-t-elle. Tina H. indique avoir fait part de ses doutes à un élu local en 2019 : « Il m’a regardée droit dans les yeux et m’a dit sans rire : “Ne vous inquiétez pas, avec le vent, vous avez été protégée”. »
Malformations congénitales graves
Depuis leur bureau, Alain H. et sa compagne avaient, eux, une « vue imprenable sur le logo de Sanofi ». Alain H. est entrepreneur sur le bassin chimique de Lacq. En 2018, le couple se prépare à accueillir son premier enfant. « A la première échographie à l’hôpital, le gynécologue nous dit au bout de cinq minutes : “Je suis désolé, mais vous n’allez pas pouvoir continuer la grossesse.” » Il leur explique avoir identifié une acrânie, une malformation rare du crâne caractérisée par l’absence de voûte crânienne, et qu’il convient d’interrompre la grossesse.
Le gynécologue leur présente les deux options : une interruption volontaire de grossesse (IVG) ou une interruption médicale de grossesse. La deuxième option peut permettre de déterminer les causes mais nécessite de garder le fœtus plus longtemps pour pratiquer des analyses médicales. « Nous étions sous le choc, nous avons opté pour l’IVG, raconte Alain H. Ce n’est que plus tard, en faisant des recherches sur l’acrânie et en discutant avec la gynécologue que nous avons fait le lien possible avec les rejets de Sanofi. » La littérature scientifique a établi que l’exposition in utero à la Dépakine était à l’origine de malformations congénitales graves. « On n’est pas comptés dans les chiffres des malformations, seulement dans les IVG, et nous ne sommes sans doute pas les seuls dans ce cas », spécule Alain H.
Par « précaution », sa compagne ne vient plus travailler sur la plateforme et son entreprise ne « recrute pas de jeune femme ». « Tout le monde sait, ici, qu’il y a des problèmes sur le bassin avec toutes les entreprises polluantes qui y sont installées, mais ce sont des emplois dans une zone sinistrée », dit l’entrepreneur. Outre Sanofi, les quatre plateformes chimiques de Lacq, qui s’étendent jusqu’à Orthez, comptent une vingtaine d’usines Seveso dont Arkema et Sogebi issues des anciennes activités gazières de Total et reconverties dans l’exploitation du soufre. Elles représenteraient encore environ 7 600 emplois (directs et indirects) pour un bassin de population de 55 000 habitants.
Etude épidémiologique participative
L’usine Sanofi compte une soixantaine de salariés. Après la révélation des rejets massifs de valproate de sodium en juillet 2018, des tests de Dépakine avaient été effectués en interne sur les salariés. Une dizaine s’était révélée positive. Depuis, silence radio. « Les salariés ont peur de parler mais on n’est pas dupes, ils ont été les premiers exposés, commente Jean-Louis Peyren, coordinateur de la CGT chez Sanofi. On espère que cette nouvelle plainte va les inciter à parler. » La CGT est partie civile dans l’instruction ouverte en 2022.
Ex-délégué CGT chez Total, Patrick Mauboulès est membre de la Société pour l’étude, la protection et l’aménagement de la nature dans le Sud-Ouest (Sepanso). Il a également été entendu par la justice, en octobre. Cette association alerte depuis des années les autorités sanitaires au sujet de la pollution sur le bassin. « Nous demandons des études épidémiologiques spécifiques sur les pathologies liées à l’exposition au valproate de sodium et au bromopropane », indique Patrick Mauboulès.
Contactée, l’Agence régionale de santé de Nouvelle-Aquitaine renvoie vers Santé publique France (SPF). Jusqu’ici, l’agence nationale de santé publique a réalisé une étude de mortalité et de morbidité sur le bassin de Lacq. La première, publiée en 2021, a conclu à des « excès » pour les pathologies respiratoires et circulatoires. La seconde n’est toujours pas publiée. En septembre, SPF a lancé une nouvelle étude, participative, dans le but de « disposer d’une photographie complète de l’état de santé de la population de ce bassin industriel ». Un questionnaire doit être envoyé à 5 000 habitants tirés au sort dans 99 communes. Les premiers résultats sont attendus en 2025.
Patrick Mauboulès considère la zone géographique retenue trop large : « Quand on veut noyer un problème, on le dilue. » Marine Martin est encore plus sévère : « C’est de la fumisterie, avec le tirage au sort, on peut tomber sur des familles qui sont sur le bassin depuis seulement six mois. Pour avoir une chance d’identifier un cluster potentiel, il faudrait cibler les enfants nés jusqu’en 2018 et comparer le nombre d’enfants présentant des malformations ou des troubles neurodéveloppementaux à la moyenne nationale. »
Gurman: Apple Vision Pro still not quite ready for launch, likely to release around March
In the latest edition of Mark Gurman’s Power On newsletter for Bloomberg, he writes that Apple had at one time planned for the Apple Vision Pro headset to be released in January 2024. However, the company is still preparing distribution plans for the product and doing final device testing.
For its part, Apple has officially said the Vision Pro will go on sale early next year in the United States. Gurman says he now expects that the device will debut “sometime around March”.
Apple Vision Pro will launch first in the United States, with availability in additional international countries following later in 2024. Apple is expected to sell the device by appointment only in Apple retail stores, or on the web through the Apple online store.
It will not be available in third-party retailers, as Apple wants to carefully curate the rollout experience for its brand new wearable platform. Retail stores will also need to keep stock of hundreds of different SKUs, such as different sizes of headbands and prescription lenses.
Regarding the release timing, it certainly seems that the software teams were aiming to be ready for a January debut, as Gurman suggests. The latest visionOS beta includes product onboarding videos and materials; these kind of assets are generally prepared near the end of the software development cycle. The current iOS 17.2 beta also includes Vision Pro companion features like AirPlay Receiver and the ability to take spatial videos on iPhone 15 Pro models.
With a March launch on tap, just like the rollout of the Apple Watch, expect Apple to hold another media event in the spring ahead of the product’s release. This will give Apple another opportunity to present the $3499+ headset to customers and show off some apps and features that were not quite ready for demonstration at the June WWDC unveiling.
El Niño expected to cause floods and heatwaves into early 2024, warn scientists
Rio records hottest day of the year while Kenya, Somalia and Dubai are hit by severe flooding
The cyclical El Niño effect which helped put the world on track for a heat record this year and is continuing to exacerbate and interfere with weather patterns will persist into 2024, scientists say.
The naturally occurring warming effect in the Pacific Ocean can cause global temperatures to rise in the short term and wreak havoc on crop yields in some parts of the world. Companies in various sectors, including food and transportation, have warned about the disruption to commodities and supply chains, as well as higher insurance risks.
In Brazil, where it is still spring, the National Institute of Meteorology issued a red alert for heat in the past week across several regions.
Rio de Janeiro experienced its hottest day of the year, reaching 41.9C on Saturday, recorded at Marambaia station in Rio’s western zone.
The El Niño phenomenon is expected to last until at least next April, the World Meteorological Organization has said. With this year already set to be “the warmest on record”, 2024 may be “even warmer than 2023”, said WMO secretary-general Petteri Taalas.
El Niño is typically associated with higher atmospheric temperatures, particularly in the year after it develops, but Taalas noted that the heat-trapping effect of greenhouse gases produced by human activity was responsible for the heat records being recorded so far.
El Niño is also associated with wetter conditions in some parts of the world. The WMO predicted more rain in the next three months in parts of the Horn of Africa, South America and central and eastern Asia. “Extreme events such as heatwaves, drought, wildfires, heavy rain and floods will be enhanced in some regions, with major impacts,” said Taalas.
In Somalia, the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs blamed El Niño for exacerbating the worst flooding the country has experienced in a century and said it was providing assistance to 680,000 people. The “El Niño floods” death toll was put at 50, the Somali Disaster Management Agency said on social media platform X on Thursday.
In Dubai, the host city for the upcoming UN climate summit, floods at the end of last week led to safety alerts from police, the cancellation of flights and the suspension of schools.
In recent days, regions across the southern hemisphere, from Kenya to the Dominican Republic, have suffered inundation from heavy rainfall that has caused danger and widespread disruption.
This year’s El Niño episode has so far been less powerful than previous ones in 1997 and 2015 to 2016 but was still described as “strong” by the WMO.
The difference between monthly sea surface temperatures in the affected part of the Pacific and the long-term average rose to 1.5C in September, compared with 0.5C above average in May, the WMO said.
Looking ahead to next year, Walter Baethgen, a scientist at Columbia University’s International Research Institute for Climate and Society, said years of strong Pacific Ocean warming such as that the world was experiencing now had often been followed by years of strong Pacific Ocean cooling, in the opposite effect to El Niño known as La Niña.
A strong warming event in 1997 and 1998 was, for example, followed by a prolonged cooling effect between mid-1998 and early 2001. And during the “triple whammy” of successive La Niña cooling events between 2020 and 2022, the phenomenon remained relatively weak.
But this alternating pattern is not guaranteed, and conditions for each year are particularly hard to forecast until the “spring predictability barrier” between March and May has passed.
Last year, the warmest on record, was a La Niña year of Pacific Ocean cooling, while the previous hottest year was 2016, an El Niño year of Pacific heating.
El Niño occurs on average every two to seven years and typically lasts up to a year.
Both the cooling and warming trends in the Pacific Ocean have localised knock-on effects that are strongest in regions close to the equator, and neither one can trigger as significant changes to global temperatures as the ones brought about by the heat-trapping effect of greenhouse gases, Baethgen said.
“The only hope to have a consistent robust cooling of global temperatures is by reducing greenhouse gases. There’s no mystery or other way about it.”