>>> Weekend Papers Summary

FINANCIAL TIMES
-Pope Francis' funeral mass in Rome has attracted world leaders, including US President Donald Trump, who broke tradition and requested simplified rites. The late pontiff, who will be laid to rest at Santa Maria Maggiore, has requested a more compassionate and accessible Catholic church, addressing contemporary issues like climate change. During his 12 years on the throne, Francis aimed to make the Catholic Church more accessible and compassionate. His death at the age of 88 has sparked grief from admirers and dissent from critics, including influential members of Trump's Maga movement. The Holy See estimates that around 200,000 mourners have gathered in St Peter's Square for the mass, including 220 cardinals and around 750 bishops and priests. The Vatican reported that an estimated 250,000 people had passed through St Peter's Basilica over the three days Francis lay in state before his coffin was sealed.
-The Church in the west struggles to maintain its legacy of properties, while in the southern continents, it lacks resources to build churches and schools quickly enough for an expanding flock. Cultural differences now shape ethical questions, but these are not disagreements over doctrine itself but how it is applied. The differences between cardinals are more about how the Church evangelizes, focusing on its "style" - its way of being, culture, and mindset. The late pope's reforms reflected his understanding of the Church's role in the "change of era" marked by the general expulsion of Christianity from law and culture. Francis criticized the negative view of the Church's diminished social relevance, arguing that it seeks to recover or shore up its attachment to secularization.
-China has seized a disputed reef near the Philippines' most important military outpost in the South China Sea, raising the risk of a new stand-off between the two rival claimants. The China Coast Guard has exercised sovereign jurisdiction over Sandy Cay, marking the first time in many years that Beijing has officially planted its flag on another previously unoccupied land feature. The move comes as the Philippines and its ally the US conduct Balikatan, their largest annual military exercise, which will include coastal defense and island seizure drills. Sandy Cay has strategic value for China because it grants it a territorial sea.
-British Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer has been rebuffed by Brussels in a bid to gain access to the EU single market as part of a post-Brexit reset. The British government sought a mutual recognition agreement on certifying product standards, which would have reduced red tape for British businesses. However, France rejected the demand, and EU diplomats believe it is a non-starter. The skirmish is part of a larger dispute between Britain and the EU, expected to intensify in autumn with the aim of finalising a deal by the end of the year. The deal would require Britain to roll over EU fishing rights in UK waters for several years.
-President Trump has pardoned Florida healthcare executive Paul Walczak, whose mother played a role in exposing the contents of Ashley Biden's diary. Walczak was sentenced to 18 months in prison and ordered to pay nearly $4.4 million in restitution for tax crimes used to finance a lavish lifestyle. His mother, Elizabeth Fago, was a longtime Republican donor and fund-raiser who played a role in a surreptitious effort to help Trump by undermining Biden Jr. in the 2020 election.
-Former Fed governor Kevin Warsh has accused the US central bank of committing systematic errors and failing to control the worst inflationary surge in a generation. Warsh accused the bank of acting more as a general-purpose agency of government than a narrow central bank, and said the "drift" had stopped it from keeping inflation at its 2% goal. He added that the Fed's $7T balance sheet enabled rampant federal government spending, leaving the US's fiscal position on a dangerous trajectory. Warsh referred to the central bank's Treasury debt purchases under quantitative easing.
-The IMF and World Bank's spring meetings saw Trump's reversals, leaving US allies bewildered by the administration's trade agenda and the ongoing uncertainty affecting their economies. Share prices rallied after Trump announced he would curb tariffs on China and not plan to fire Federal Reserve chair Jay Powell. However, the IMF's World Economic Outlook warned that instability in international trade would inevitably hinder global growth, highlighting the world economy's new and major test.
-The FBI has arrested Judge Hannah Dugan in Wisconsin on obstruction charges for allegedly helping an immigrant evade detention by federal agents. The judge, who has been a judge in Milwaukee County since 2016, has been accused of intentionally misdirecting federal agents away from the subject to be arrested in her courthouse. The FBI director, Kash Patel, alleged that Dugan's obstruction created increased danger to the public. Dugan has been a judge in Milwaukee County since 2016, primarily handling cases in the court's misdemeanour section. This move brings tensions between Trump's administration and the judiciary to new heights, raising existential questions about the country's separation of powers.
-Boeing has returned one 737 aircraft to Zhoushan airport near Shanghai, marking a significant shift in the US-China trade war. Beijing suspended orders for new jets due to rising tariffs, and Boeing is currently bringing back two planes due for delivery. The return of the planes demonstrates the disruption US business in China, a major market for Boeing. The potential break between the US and China threatens the corporate infrastructure of American companies, from factory floor to consumer, which has been central to their growth prospects. Despite Washington encouraging US companies to "de-risk" their presence, many still rely on Chinese supply chains or sell products into the mainland.
-President Donald Trump claimed that Chinese President Xi Jinping had called him, despite Beijing's denials of talks to ease trade tensions between the world's two largest economies. Trump claimed to have sealed "200 deals" on trade, though no such pacts have been announced. However, some people in Washington and Beijing said Xi had not called Trump, and the Chinese embassy in Washington did not comment.
-A Financial Times analysis of over 350,000 posts on X related to the Canadian federal election has revealed a network of coordinated accounts pushing content to boost Conservative leader Pierre Poilievre and tarnish Liberal candidate Mark Carney. The analysis, in collaboration with researchers at the University of Southern California, identified a network of suspicious accounts promoting rightwing memes and news sources. The US has been a major information exporter to Canada, but in recent years, there has been "mass amounts of disinformation coming from the influencer sphere in the US."
-Indians are demanding accountability for the worst terrorist attack on civilians since the 2008 Mumbai attacks, questioning how it could have happened in a region with heavy security presence. Prime Minister Narendra Modi has pledged to exact revenge, stating that New Delhi will identify, track, and punish terrorists and their backers. World leaders, including US President Donald Trump, French President Emmanuel Macron, and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, have expressed condolences and support for the situation. India and Pakistan both claim Kashmir and occupy part of the region.

NEW YORK TIMES
-Pope Francis's papacy was marked by debate over radical action, with some liberal Catholics expecting him to ordain women or allow gay marriage, while others believed he would tear up Church doctrine. However, Francis ultimately balked, deciding that the church wasn't yet ready to lift a roughly 1,000-year-old restriction. This led many of his supporters, who expected him to be a pope of radical change, to feel let down. Francis, who died on Monday at 88, was a pope of great, often outsized, expectations. His revolutionary and freewheeling style led Catholics across the spectrum to invest him with their most ambitious — at times unrealistic — hopes and fears, sometimes independent of what he said or did. Some liberal Catholics, forgetting Francis was the leader of a deeply conservative institution, expected him to make women priests, change teaching on birth control, or throw his weight behind same-sex unions and gay marriage. Some conservatives, including some who believed the Argentine pope was a secret Communist, worried he would torch the church doctrine, even though he never touched it.
-Ukraine's leadership has drafted a counterproposal to a Trump administration plan that has drawn criticism for conceding too much to Russia. The plan, obtained by The New York Times, hints at possible concessions on issues that have long been seen as intractable. Under the plan, there would be no restrictions on the size of the Ukrainian military, a European security contingent backed by the United States would be deployed on Ukrainian territory to guarantee security, and frozen Russian assets would be used to repair damage in Ukraine caused during the war.
There is no mention of Ukraine fully regaining all the territory seized by Russia or an insistence on Ukraine joining NATO, two issues that President Volodymyr Zelensky has long said were not up for negotiations.
-A New York Times/Siena College poll found that voters believe President Trump is overreaching with his aggressive efforts to expand executive power and have deep doubts about some of the signature pieces of his agenda. The turbulent early months of Trump's administration are seen as "chaotic" and "scary" by majorities of voters, even many who approve of the job he is doing. Voters do not view him as understanding the problems in their daily lives and have soured on his leadership as he approaches his 100th day in office. Trump's approval rating sits at 42%, which is historically low for a president this early in a term, but it is in line with his stubborn unpopularity. However, voters express dimming confidence about his handling of some of the top issues that propelled him back to the White House, including the economy and immigration, even as most Americans support deportations. Only 43% said they approved of how he has managed the economy this term, a serious erosion on an issue long seen as a strength for him.
-Wisconsin County Judge Hannah Dugan was arrested by F.B.I. agents on suspicion of intentionally misdirecting federal agents away from an undocumented immigrant being pursued by authorities. Dugan was accused of steering the immigrant through a side door in her courtroom while the agents waited to arrest him in a public hallway. This decision to charge a sitting state court judge is a major escalation in the Trump administration's battle with local authorities over deportations. The administration has demanded that local officials not impede federal efforts to deport millions of undocumented immigrants, and the arrest sent a message that the administration intends to take a harder line with those that do. The arrest of Dugan comes after months of rising tensions between the Trump administration and the judiciary, with President Trump and his top advisers repeatedly assailing "local judges" for halting or questioning actions taken by the administration, particularly when it comes to immigration cases.
-The Trump administration has reopened the legal status of thousands of international students in the United States, despite a series of legal challenges. Immigration officials have indicated that they will continue to attempt to terminate their legal status, despite the ongoing legal battles. The decision, revealed during a court hearing in Washington, was a significant shift by Immigration and Customs Enforcement, despite the administration describing it as a temporary reprieve. The back and forth situation has added to the anxiety and confusion faced by international students as the administration has canceled over 1,500 student visas in recent weeks. A Justice Department lawyer, Joseph F. Carilli, stated that immigration officials have begun working on a new system for reviewing and terminating the records of international students and academics studying in the United States.
-Attorney General Pam Bondi has announced that federal authorities may seek reporters' phone records and compel their testimony in leak investigations, reversing a Biden administration policy aimed at protecting journalism from intrusive efforts to identify and prosecute leakers. The change is necessary to safeguard "classified, privileged and other sensitive information," a broader set of government secrets than protected by the criminal code. President Trump has long complained about leaks, and First Amendment advocates have expected his administration to rescind Biden-era protections for journalists.
-President Trump and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky met privately in Rome on the sidelines of Pope Francis' funeral service. This was the first meeting between the two leaders since their televised argument in February. The meeting came at a critical moment, as the US presented a proposed cease-fire plan for Ukraine's war with Russia and a postwar plan that would give Russia control over all lands it has illegally seized since the invasion began three years ago. The plan includes a major reversal of American policy, recognizing Crimea as Russian territory.
-A third round of talks between Iran and the US over Tehran's nuclear activities began, raising hopes for a new accord that could avert another Middle East conflict. President Trump said he believes a deal with Iran is possible, despite abandoning a previous nuclear deal in 2018. The talks could reshape regional and global security by reducing the chance of a US-backed Israeli attack on Iranian nuclear facilities and preventing Iran from producing a nuclear weapon.
-India and Pakistan are on the brink of another military conflict, with India threatening retaliation for a deadly terrorist attack in Kashmir linked to Pakistan. The downing of an Indian jet by Pakistan in 2019 prompted India to invest billions in modernization efforts, seek international arms purchases, and expand defense manufacturing capacity. Tensions have risen so sharply that India has vowed to disrupt the flow of a major river system into Pakistan, a step it has never taken before, despite the wars the two countries have fought over the decades.

NEW YORK POST
-Virginia Giuffre, a prominent victim of convicted pedophile Jeffrey Epstein, has taken her own life. Giuffre, who was a lifelong victim of sexual abuse and sex trafficking, died at her farm in Western Australia. Her family announced her death, stating that she had "four days to live" following a bus collision. Giuffre was one of Epstein's most outspoken abuse survivors. In 2015, she filed legal action against Epstein, alleging she was sex trafficked at 16 after his ex-lover and convicted madam, Ghislaine Maxwell, recruited her from her job as a locker room attendant at President Trump's Mar-a-Lago resort. Giuffre's family said she was the light that lifted many survivors and will be missed beyond measure. Her children Christian, Noah, and Emily were the light of her life.
-Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent has been a key figure in US trade negotiations, as President Trump expressed hope that he would open China to American goods with aggressive tariffs. Bessent and Trump are in the driver's seat, but Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick and White House trade adviser Peter Navarro continue to have access and say. Bessent, a successful hedge fund executive worth an estimated $520M, has been the public face of the talks and has voiced confidence about progress in talks with India, South Korea, and Japan. He met last week with a Japanese delegation, with followup talks expected before the end of the month. Bessent was surprised by the progress made in the talks with Seoul officials, stating that the Asian delegation "came with their 'A' game."

TechCrunch : The OpenAI mafia: 15 of the most notable startups founded by alumni

The OpenAI mafia: 15 of the most notable startups founded by alumni

Move over, PayPal mafia: There’s a new tech mafia in Silicon Valley. As the startup behind ChatGPT, OpenAI is arguably the biggest AI player in town. Its meteoric rise to a $300 billion valuation has spurred many employees to leave the AI giant to create startups of their own.

The hype around OpenAI is so high that some of these startups, like Ilya Sutskever’s Safe Superintelligence and Mira Murati’s Thinking Machines Lab, have been able to raise billions of dollars without even launching a product.

But there are lots of other startups in the OpenAI mafia ecosystem. These range from AI search giant Perplexity to xAI, the new owner of X (formerly Twitter.) There’s also smaller outfits with some futuristic plans, like Living Carbon, which is creating plants that suck more carbon out of the atmosphere, or Prosper Robotics, which is building a robot butler.

Below is a roundup of the most notable startups founded by OpenAI alumni.

Dario Amodei, Daniela Amodei, and John Schulman — Anthropic
Siblings Dario and Daniela Amodei left OpenAI in 2021 to form their own startup, San Francisco-based Anthropic, that has long touted a focus on AI safety. Later, OpenAI co-founder John Schulman joined Anthropic in 2024, pledging to build a “safe AGI.” OpenAI reportedly remains multiple times larger than Anthropic by revenue ($3.7 billion compared to $1 billion for 2024, The Information reported). But Anthropic has quickly grown to become OpenAI’s biggest rival and was valued at $61.5 billion in March 2025.

Ilya Sutskever — Safe Superintelligence
OpenAI co-founder and chief scientist Ilya Sutskever left OpenAI in May 2024 after he was reportedly part of a failed effort to replace CEO Sam Altman. Shortly afterward, he co-founded Safe Superintelligence, or SSI, with “one goal and one product: a safe superintelligence,” he says. Details about what exactly the startup is up to are scant: It has no product and no revenue yet. But investors are clamoring for a piece anyway, and it’s been able to raise $2 billion, with its latest valuation reportedly rising to $32 billion this month. SSI is based in Palo Alto, California, and Tel Aviv, Israel.

Mira Murati — Thinking Machines Lab
Mira Murati, OpenAI’s CTO, left OpenAI last year to found her own company, Thinking Machines Lab, which emerged from stealth in February 2025, announcing (rather vaguely) that it will build AI that’s more “customizable” and “capable.” The San Francisco AI startup has no product or revenue but plenty of former top OpenAI researchers and is reportedly in the process of raising a massive $2 billion seed round valuing it at $10 billion, minimum.

Aravind Srinivas — Perplexity
Aravind Srinivas worked as a research scientist at OpenAI for a year until 2022, when he left the company to co-found AI search engine Perplexity. His startup has attracted a string of high-profile investors like Jeff Bezos and Nvidia, although it’s also caused controversy over alleged unethical web scraping. Perplexity, which is based in San Francisco, is currently raising about $1 billion at an $18 billion valuation as of March 2025.

Kyle Kosic — xAI
Kyle Kosic left OpenAI in 2023 to become a co-founder and infrastructure lead of xAI, Elon Musk’s AI startup that offers a rival chatbot, Grok. In 2024, however, he hopped back to OpenAI. Palo Alto-based xAI recently acquired X, formerly Twitter, and gave the combined entity a valuation of $113 billion. The all-stock transaction raised some eyebrows but is a good deal if you’re betting on Musk’s empire.

Emmett Shear — Stem AI
Emmett Shear is the former CEO of Twitch who was OpenAI’s interim CEO in November 2023 for a few days before Sam Altman rejoined the company. Shear is working on his own stealth startup, called Stem AI, TechCrunch revealed in 2024. Although there are few details about its activity and fundraising so far, it has already attracted funding from Andreessen Horowitz.

Andrej Karpathy — Eureka Labs
Computer vision expert Andrej Karpathy was a founding member and research scientist at OpenAI, leaving the startup to join Tesla in 2017 to lead its autopilot program. Karpathy is also well-known for his YouTube videos explaining core AI concepts. He left Tesla in 2024 to found his own education technology startup, Eureka Labs, a San Francisco-based startup that is building AI teaching assistants.

Jeff Arnold — Pilot
Jeff Arnold worked as OpenAI’s head of operations for five months in 2016 before co-founding San Francisco-based accounting startup Pilot in 2017. Pilot, which focused initially on doing accounting for startups, last raised a $100 million Series C in 2021 at a $1.2 billion valuation and has attracted investors like Jeff Bezos. Arnold worked as Pilot’s COO until leaving in 2024 to launch a VC fund.

David Luan — Adept AI Labs
David Luan was OpenAI’s engineering VP until he left in 2020. After a stint at Google, in 2021 he co-founded Adept AI Labs, a startup that builds AI tools for employees. The startup last raised $350 million at a valuation north of $1 billion in 2023, but Luan left in late 2024 to oversee Amazon’s AI agents lab after Amazon hired Adept’s founders.

Tim Shi — Cresta
Tim Shi was an early member of OpenAI’s team, where he focused on building safe artificial general intelligence (AGI), according to his LinkedIn profile. He worked at OpenAI for a year in 2017 but left to found Cresta, a San Francisco-based AI contact center startup that has raised over $270 million from VCs like Sequoia Capital, Andreessen Horowitz, and others, according to a press release.

Pieter Abbeel, Peter Chen, and Rocky Duan — Covariant
The trio all worked at OpenAI in 2016 and 2017 as research scientists before founding Covariant, a Berkeley, California-based startup that builds foundation AI models for robots. In 2024, Amazon hired all three of the Covariant founders and about a quarter of its staff. The quasi acquisition was viewed by some as part of a broader trend of Big Tech attempting to avoid antitrust scrutiny.

Maddie Hall — Living Carbon
Maddie Hall worked on “special projects” at OpenAI but left in 2019 to co-found Living Carbon, a San Francisco-based startup that aims to create engineered plants that can suck more carbon out of the sky to fight climate change. Living Carbon raised a $21 million Series A round in 2023, bringing its total funding until then to $36 million, according to a press release.

Shariq Hashme — Prosper Robotics
Shariq Hashme worked for OpenAI for 9 months in 2017 on a bot that could play the popular video game Dota, per his LinkedIn profile. After a few years at data-labeling startup Scale AI, he co-founded London-based Prosper Robotics in 2021. The startup says it’s working on a robot butler for people’s homes, a hot trend in robotics that other players like Norway’s 1X and Texas-based Apptronik are also working on.

Jonas Schneider — Daedalus
Jonas Schneider led OpenAI’s software engineering for robotics team but left in 2019 to co-found Daedalus, which builds advanced factories for precision components. The San Francisco-based startup raised a $21 million Series A last year with backing from Khosla Ventures, among others.

Margaret Jennings — Kindo
Margaret Jennings worked at OpenAI in 2022 and 2023 until she left to co-found Kindo, which markets itself as an AI chatbot for enterprises. Kindo has raised over $27 million in funding, last raising a $20.6 million Series A in 2024. Jennings left Kindo in 2024 to head product and research at French AI startup Mistral, according to her LinkedIn profile.

FT : US stocks underperform rest of world by widest margin since 1993

US stocks underperform rest of world by widest margin since 1993
Investors fear Trump’s tariff blitz will lead to US stagflation while weak dollar adds to woes

US stocks have underperformed the rest of the world this year by the widest margin in more than three decades as Donald Trump’s erratic policymaking sparks an investor exodus from American assets.

The MSCI USA index — a broad gauge of US equities — lost 11 per cent in the first 16 weeks of the year. The MSCI all world ex-US benchmark climbed 4 per cent in dollar terms over the same period, the biggest gap with Wall Street since 1993, when US investor enthusiasm for foreign stocks surged on the back of trade liberalisation and concerns over the domestic economy.


The gulf in performance underlines investors’ expectation that Trump’s tariff blitz will take a heavier toll on the US economy, by hurting growth and driving up inflation, than it will on economies elsewhere. The gap has been particularly marked with Europe, where US isolationism has prompted pledges of higher government spending — particularly on defence — which are expected to boost the local economy and support equity markets.

“A large part of this underperformance is the repricing of US assets due to increased policy uncertainty and the stagflationary shock from tariffs,” said Sameer Goel, head of emerging markets and Apac research at Deutsche Bank.

The tumbling greenback has helped widen the gap in performance. It has fallen by 8 per cent this year against a basket of six major currencies including the euro and yen, boosting non-US market performance in dollar terms.

Investors started the year betting that US stocks would continue to outshine their peers elsewhere as Trump’s tax cuts buoyed corporate profits. But that view quickly unwound after the US president launched a trade war that was far more aggressive than most investors had anticipated.


The S&P 500 fell as much as 12 per cent in the week following Trump’s “liberation day” tariff announcement on April 2. Although it has since recouped much of those losses as Trump reversed or delayed some of his tariffs, it continues to lag far behind global rivals such as Hong Kong’s Hang Seng or the Stoxx Europe 600.

In Europe, defence stocks such as Germany’s Rheinmetall, Italy’s Leonardo and the UK’s Rolls-Royce have led indices higher, boosted by the region’s plans to increase military spending to cut dependence on the US. Germany’s Dax index is up more than 20 per cent in dollar terms this year while France’s Cac 40 is up around 12 per cent.

“Capital is flowing towards Europe, buoyed by confidence in strong institutions, governance, and equity markets which typically trade at discounts relative to their US counterparts,” said Lewis Grant, senior portfolio manager for global equities at Federated Hermes.

In Asia, the Hang Seng is up 10 per cent this year in dollar terms, led by Chinese tech stocks following the unveiling of AI models by start-up DeepSeek that the company claims were trained at a fraction of the cost and computing power of US rivals such as OpenAI.

FT : DeepMind UK staff seek to unionise and challenge defence deals and Israel l

DeepMind UK staff seek to unionise and challenge defence deals and Israel links
Move by employees at Google’s AI arm follows discontent after weapons and surveillance pledge is dropped

Google DeepMind staff in the UK are seeking to unionise in an effort to challenge the company’s decision to sell its artificial intelligence technologies to defence groups and ties to the Israeli government.

Around 300 London-based employees of the tech giant’s AI arm, which is led by British Nobel laureate Sir Demis Hassabis, have sought to join the Communication Workers Union in recent weeks, according to three people briefed on the move.

The effort creates new strain on DeepMind which is being pushed by its corporate parent to find commercial uses for its powerful AI, with Hassabis suggesting recently that companies in democratic countries should work together to support national security. 

The move to unionise follows growing discontent at the company after Google dropped a pledge in February not to develop AI technologies that “cause or are likely to cause overall harm”, including weapons and surveillance.

Three people involved with the unionisation drive said media reports that Google is selling its cloud services and AI technology to the Israeli Ministry of Defence has also caused disquiet. The Israeli government has a $1.2bn cloud computing agreement with Google and Amazon, named Project Nimbus.

Further tension was caused by media reports that the Israel Defense Forces have used AI systems to generate targets for assassinations and attacks in the Gaza strip, although it is unclear if the IDF is using commercially purchased software for those purposes, or building its own. The IDF did not reply to a request for comment.

“We’re putting two and two together and think the technology we’re developing is being used in the conflict [in Gaza],” said one engineer involved in the unionisation effort. “This is basically cutting-edge AI that we’re providing to an ongoing conflict. People don’t want their work used like this.”

“People feel duped,” the person added. 

According to correspondence seen by the FT, five DeepMind staff have quit over the past two months citing the Israel cloud computing deal and Google’s reversal of existing commitments around the use of its AI. In the US, Google fired some staff for staging sit-in protests over Project Nimbus.

In May 2024, DeepMind staff sent a letter to the company’s leadership calling on it to drop its military contracts, and have held some meetings with management, but their requests have been denied.

The effort to organise will now need to be recognised by the company, through a vote among DeepMind employees in the UK. The AI unit has around 2,000 staff in the UK.

A spokesperson for Google said: “Our approach is and has always been to develop and deploy AI responsibly. We encourage constructive and open dialogue with all of our employees. In the UK and around the world, Googlers have long been part of employee representative groups, works councils and unions.”

The company said it still complies with its AI principles for responsible development, but that the landscape has changed significantly since its 2018 pledge against AI weapons and surveillance.

Unionisation remains relatively rare across the tech sector, which has long resisted attempts to organise its workforce. But there has been growing activity in recent years, including at Amazon and Apple. Google employees founded the Alphabet Workers Union in the US in 2021. 

One person said that if the union gains recognition from DeepMind, it will seek to meet management to request that the company changes course on defence deals and, if unsuccessful, to consider strike action. They said that colleagues in the US were also in discussions about unionisation. 

“What I hope and what people who are active are hoping is that we stay away from any military contracts,” they added. 

Google has faced similar protests over its military ties before. In 2018, several staffers quit and thousands of employees signed a petition in protest against Project Maven, a contract for the US military that used AI technology to improve drone strikes. Following widespread staff discontent, Google did not renew its contract with the Pentagon and pledged not to work on AI technologies for weapons or surveillance. 

One senior figure in the CWU union who is not a DeepMind employee said that when the company was first founded it “attracted lots of smart people that wanted to work on things for genuine good”, but that Google had started “chasing military money”. Google bought the company in 2014.

They noted that staff at DeepMind are often on high salaries. “They’re not joining the trade union for pay negotiations. They’ve joined because they’ve seen the benefits of collectivising to hold Google to account for their stated ethics,” they said.

The engineer at DeepMind who has joined the CWU and is involved in organising discontented staff, said that “joining a union is probably the craziest thing a lot of DeepMinders would have ever thought they’d do” but “people’s level of discomfort has slowly risen over the past few years”.

The company is “sacrificing morals for greed”, the employee added.  

FT : Saudi Aramco steps up e-fuel investment to prolong combustion engine era

Saudi Aramco steps up e-fuel investment to prolong combustion engine era
World’s largest oil company says synthetic fuels have a part to play despite global shift towards electric vehicles

The world’s largest oil company is stepping up investment in synthetic fuels derived from renewable energy, as it bets on the conventional combustion engine to remain a crucial part of transport despite the shift towards electric vehicles.

Ahmad Al-Khowaiter, a senior executive at Saudi Aramco, said the global rush to electrify most road transport “does not make sense” from a climate perspective, especially for countries where energy is sourced from fossil fuels, such as China, which relies on coal power for more than half its electricity.

“There’s been a lot of exuberance around the pace by which electrification will take place around the world,” Al-Khowaiter, Saudi Aramco’s executive vice-president for technology and innovation, said in an interview. “It has its place in the market, but there will always be a need for other solutions like internal combustion engines.”

Saudi Aramco’s bet on internal combustion engines also includes taking a 10 per cent stake in Horse Powertrain, a joint venture with Geely and Renault to create a new engine manufacturer, and a collaboration it announced with Chinese automaker BYD on Monday, under which the Middle Eastern group will share engine technology with the Chinese company for use in its hybrid vehicles.

Its ventures have a common goal: to reduce emissions from the current fleet of cars and prolong the use of internal combustion engines.

E-fuels, produced primarily from renewable electricity, carbon dioxide and water, are seen as a way to decarbonise transport and narrow the emissions gap between EVs and conventional engines.

Carmakers such as Stellantis and Toyota are testing e-fuels to reduce emissions, although auto executives are reluctant to forecast when these fuels will become affordable enough for mass production.

Stellantis said its tests had demonstrated that its engines launched before 2023 could operate well with e-fuels, and that all engines launched since then were ready to use these alternative fuels from the outset.

The owner of Peugeot and Fiat said e-fuels could be “a competitive drop-in alternative to fossil fuels, contributing to decarbonise the existing car [fleet] — assuming favourable financial and regulatory conditions”.

A big hurdle is that e-fuels are prohibitively expensive, costing about $14 a gallon — or four times the price of petrol in the US — according to Rob West, an energy analyst at Thunder Said Energy.

Saudi Aramco has two e-fuel projects under construction. One in Spain to produce 50 barrels a day of e-kerosene for jet engines, and another in Saudi Arabia to make 35 barrels a day of e-gasoline, although these quantities are tiny compared with the company’s net refining capacity of more than 4mn barrels a day.

Al-Khowaiter, who hoped the plants would be in operation by 2027, said Saudi Aramco had put “several hundred million dollars” into the two projects, and would invest more as the businesses scaled up.

“The idea is to have a supply of fuel to meet the needs of carmakers to test it, as well as for Formula 1” and other types of motor racing, he said. 

He also said the supply of e-kerosene would help regulators to understand and certify the new aviation fuel. The EU has a mandate for airlines to start using e-kerosene by the end of the decade and wants the fuel to make up 35 per cent of total fuel use by 2050. 

While it will take a significant amount of time before e-fuel prices start to fall, Saudi Aramco believes they will help hybrid cars, in particular, come very close to the lifetime emissions of an electric car.

“The other advantage of these fuels is that you can impact 90 per cent of the existing fleet, as opposed to the 10 per cent of new cars that are sold,” Al-Khowaiter said. 

The car industry is betting on the longer lifeline for hybrids after the EU relaxed its emissions regulations on petrol cars, while US President Donald Trump has threatened to roll back consumer tax credits for EVs. In the UK, the government has also watered down its EV sales targets and will allow full and plug-in hybrids to be sold until 2035.

Al-Khowaiter said Saudi Aramco was seeing interest in its e-fuels project from carmakers in the EU and China and that any demand for biofuels could “easily be replaced” by e-fuels by 2050. “We believe today that e-fuels are cost competitive with second and third generation biofuels,” he said. 

Fortune : Execs at Ray Dalio’s hedge fund say we’re in a ‘once-in-a-generation’

Execs at Ray Dalio’s hedge fund say we’re in a ‘once-in-a-generation’ economic shift that ‘threatens the existing world order’

  • Veteran investment experts at Bridgewater Associates say the current economic outlook imperils the existing global hierarchy. In a newsletter obtained by Quartz, the executives criticized the Trump administration’s shift to mercantilism and its “exceptional risks.” The assessment stands in stark contrast to November, when one of Bridgewater’s executives recommended investing in U.S. stocks under Trump.

Chief investment officers at the hedge fund Ray Dalio founded, Bridgewater Associates, warned of an upheaval of the “existing world order” amid the fall-out from President Donald Trump’s trade policy in its latest newsletter.

Trump’s trade, ignited by his so-called “Liberation Day” tariffs, have ripped through the stock market and left investors worried about a potential recession. In Bridgewater Associates’ latest newsletter, obtained by Fortune, co-CIOs Bob Prince, Greg Jensen, and Karen Karniol-Tambour, emphasized “exceptional risks” to U.S. assets as the Trump administration prioritizes a “rapid shift to mercantilism.”

“We expect a policy-induced slowdown, with the rising probability of a recession,” the three wrote.

While JPMorgan predicts a 60% probability the US enters a recession, the Bridgewater co-CIO’s think the impact will go beyond just a recession and impact the economic hierarchy.

“To state the obvious: We are facing a radically different economic and market environment that threatens the existing world order and monetary systems,” Prince, Jensen, and Karniol-Tambour wrote. “We have been through many big economic shifts over Bridgewater’s 50-year history, so we don’t speak lightly when we say this looks like a once-in-a-generation one.”

The sentiment is different from Karniol-Tambour’s announcement at a Yahoo Finance Invest event in November where she said that holding U.S. stocks was a “good thing” under Trump.

Historically, U.S. assets are reliant on foreign inflows and a “shift in asset allocations has created risks if the future is different than the past,” according to the newsletter. The hedge fund outlined portfolio vulnerabilities that include “any weakness in growth,” “central banks not being able to ease into problems,” “equity underperformance,” and “U.S. underperformance relative to the rest of the world.”

At its core, a new geopolitical and macroeconomic standard will create an acute threat to investment portfolios amid a “once-in-a-generation technological disruption,” the newsletter said.

“Facing a new reality, everyone must adapt,” they wrote. “Those who adapt fast and well will gain at the expense of those who adapt slowly and poorly.”
The White House did not return Fortune’s request for comment.

Techcrunch : Musk’s xAI Holdings is reportedly raising the second-largest priva

Musk’s xAI Holdings is reportedly raising the second-largest private funding round ever

Elon Musk’s xAI Holdings is in talks to raise $20 billion in fresh funding, potentially valuing the AI and social media combo at over $120 billion, according to a new Bloomberg report that says talks are in the “early stages.” If successful, the deal would be the second-largest startup funding round ever, behind only OpenAI’s $40 billion raise last month.

The funding could help alleviate X’s substantial debt burden, which is costing the company a whopping $200 million monthly in servicing fees, per Bloomberg’s sources, with annual interest expenses exceeding $1.3 billion by the end of last year.

A raise of this size would also showcase AI’s continued investor appeal, as well as reflect Musk’s surprising emergence as a political power player inside President Trump’s White House.

Musk will likely draw from some of the same backers who’ve consistently funded his ventures, from Tesla to SpaceX, including Antonio Gracias of Valor Equity Partners and Luke Nosek of Gigafund. Gracias has even taken on a role as a lieutenant in Musk’s Department of Government Efficiency.

xAI didn’t respond immediately to comment.