Pourquoi l'achat d'un tableau de Léonard de Vinci à 450 millions de dollars n'est pas irrationnel
Link : http://bit.ly/2iy7ESa
Le "Salvator Mundi" de Léonard de Vinci a été adjugé 450,3 millions de dollars. Pourquoi cet achat réalisé par deux fonds d’investissement et des musées n’a rien d’irrationnel.
Il aura suffi de dix-neuf minutes et d'une lutte acharnée entre acheteurs pour signer un nouveau record du monde sur le marché de l'art. Depuis le 15 novembre, le Salvator Mundi de Léonard de Vinci est la peinture la plus chère jamais vendue. L'œuvre, vieille de plus de 500 ans, a été adjugée 450,3 millions de dollars (385 millions d'euros) par la maison de vente aux enchères Christie's dans, fait inédit, une vacation d'art contemporain. Elle avait été acquise en 2013 pour 127,5 millions de dollars par le milliardaire russe Dmitri Rybolovlev, toujours engagé dans un bras de fer judiciaire contre le marchand d'art suisse Yves Bouvier, qui la lui avait vendue.
Musées et investisseurs : un montage financier sophistiqué
En réalité, derrière cette enchère de tous les records se cache un montage financier sophistiqué. Selon nos informations, ce n'est pas un autre milliardaire saisi d'un exubérance irrationnelle qui a fait un chèque à neuf chiffres, mais deux fonds d'investissement agissant de concert et en lien avec plusieurs grands musées. Le tout sous la houlette d'un acteur majeur du marché de l'art, un market maker. Le montage est astucieux. L'œuvre ainsi financée pourra être revendue ou louée pendant plusieurs années à de grands musées qui pourront l'exposer à tour de rôle. Au bout de sept à neuf années de location, le loueur pourra exercer son droit de préemption pour la racheter à sa valeur résiduelle. D'ores et déjà plusieurs grandes institutions asiatiques auraient mis une option sur le Salvator Mundi ainsi que deux grands musées du Golfe.
Pour Thierry Ehrmann, le fondateur d'Artprice, leader mondial de l'information sur le marché de l'art, ce record n'est en rien le signe d'une surchauffe. Il s'explique par l'émergence d'une véritable "industrie muséale". Selon Artprice, 700 nouveaux musées émergent chaque année dans le monde à l'affût d'œuvres de qualité à accrocher. Certains, comme le Guggenheim de New York, sont ouverts 18 heures sur 24. En outre, entre 2000 et 2017, le marché a crû en volume de 1.400%, passant des 500.000 collectionneurs d'après-guerre à 70 millions de consommateurs d'art. "Quatre cent cinquante millions est un prix raisonnable et calibré si on tient compte du modèle économique auquel il s'adosse, analyse-t-il. C'est le cash flow immédiat généré par la billetterie du ou des musées qui vont l'accueillir qui dicte le prix. Avec une œuvre de cette qualité vous êtes assuré de déplacer les foules d'un continent à l'autre. Comme au Louvre, où il y a un circuit Joconde avec un chiffre d'affaires dédié. En outre, pour les pays d'accueil, détenir ces œuvres est devenu un enjeu de pouvoir et de soft power."
Jusqu'à 18% de retour sur investissement
Dans le même temps, pour les financiers, les œuvres d'art sont devenues des actifs corporels à part entière avec un track record, à l'image d'une action ou d'une obligation. Et un nouvel eldorado. Parce qu'entre 2000 et 2017 le marché de l'art a remarquablement bien résisté aux chocs qui ont frappé les Bourses. Et parce que les taux d'intérêt vont rester durablement au plancher du fait des 10.000 milliards de liquidités déversées par les banques centrales depuis la crise de 2008.
Au cours des dix dernières années, et grâce à l'argent pas cher, les banques ont levé des fonds colossaux et constitué entre 350 et 400 fonds d'art qui misent principalement sur les icônes d'après-guerre et de l'art contemporain, et jouent désormais à guichets fermés. "Sur ce segment de marché, les œuvres sont un placement sûr et peu risqué parce qu'elles sont portées par l'appétit dévorant des musées", veut croire Thierry Ehrmann. "Un lot de plus de 50.000 euros peut rapporter en moyenne annuelle 11%, à plus de 100.000 euros son rendement grimpe de 12 à 14% et au-dessus du million d'euros, son retour sur investissement peut dépasser les 18%", ajoute-t-il.
Des performances irrésistibles à l'origine de l'apparente flambée des prix qui a marqué les enchères de 2017. Du Basquiat adjugé 110,5 millions de dollars (88 millions d'euros) au printemps à New York au Fernand Léger parti sous le marteau à 70 millions de dollars en octobre. Et les chances de les voir poursuivre leur existence sur les murs d'un nouveau musée dans un pays émergent n'ont jamais été aussi fortes.
Alibaba takes $2.9bn stake in China supermarket operator
Stake in Sun Art Retail is latest step in bid to fuse ecommerce and physical stores
Alibaba has taken a further step into new retail, its bid to fuse ecommerce and physical stores, splashing out $2.9bn for a stake in one of China’s biggest supermarket chains.
The HK$22.4bn (US$2.9bn) deal, which initially sees Alibaba acquire an aggregate direct and indirect 36.16 per cent slice of Sun Art Retail Group, triggers a mandatory takeover offer under Hong Kong rules as the Chinese ecommerce group is acting together with fellow Sun Art shareholders Auchan Retail of France and Taiwan’s Ruentex Group.
However, the lowball price suggests the chances of take-up are slim. Alibaba is offering HK$6.50 a share, a 24 per cent discount to Friday’s close of HK$8.60 — a differential that sent Sun Art shares down as much as 13.6 per cent on Monday before they closed down 4.1 per cent at HK$8.25.
Sun Art is one of the few Chinese retailers with a nationwide footprint — the other one, Yonghui Superstores, is part-owned by Alibaba’s ecommerce rival JD.com — and boasts nearly 500 stores.
Daniel Zhang, Alibaba’s chief executive, hailed the move as one “to redefine traditional retail through digital transformation.” Analysts said it does so on a very different model from that pursued by Amazon, which this year paid $13.7bn for Whole Foods.
“There is a revolution under way in China, where offline retail does not stand as a defender, victim or loser but most often, as a partner to ecommerce,” wrote Bhavtosh Vajpayee, analyst at Bernstein Research, in a note to clients.
“This ‘digitisation of retail’ is being catalysed by Alibaba and JD at a speed probably only China can afford — the world’s largest commerce market and its largest pool of internet savvy consumers also have vastly under-developed offline infrastructure.”
Richard Windsor, analyst at independent research Radio Free Mobile, noted that while Whole Foods was about giving Amazon “enough volume in perishable items to give it the scale to push more and more groceries through its site”, Alibaba in contrast “is doing something very different in making a play to take a big piece of the Chinese offline market”.
Tom Birtwhistle, consulting director at PwC Consulting in Hong Kong, said China’s internet players were stealing a march on incumbent retailers by tackling the huge back-end problems, such as supply chain, logistics and wastage, rather than following the typical customer-centric route taken by retailers to concentrate on ecommerce and marketing.
China’s $1.3tn grocery market is ripe for a shake up. It is big but highly fragmented, with even the leading players each holding only a small slice.
“It’s an enormous market with enormous challenges,” said Mr Birtwhistle. “If I’m an internet company these are the crosshairs I’m looking at because that’s where I can play and generate significant value.”
Alibaba said the price paid for Sun Art represented a premium of 150 per cent to net asset value as at end-June. Even the supermarkets that are profitable in China tend to have low valuations, reflecting the challenging nature of the business.
Shares in struggling telecoms company Altice rose over 7 per cent in early trading on Monday following a statement from the group late on Sunday night clarifying its cash and debt position.
The statement, which came in response to “recent market speculation and misinformation,” said that Altice does not have loan exposure that could ramp up in the event of weakness in its shares, and is not preparing to raise cash through an equity or equity-linked issuance.
Altice, whose shares have almost halved in the past few weeks, is attempting to reassure investors who are concerned about the five-times leveraged company’s €51bn debt mountain.
The group confirmed on Monday that its majority shareholder Next Alt, which is 100 per cent owned by Altice founder Patrick Drahi, does not have any margin loan exposure to Altice and has not sold a material number of shares since the initial public offering.
At an investor conference in Barcelona last week Mr Drahi promised an overhaul of the company’s French telecoms business SFR and a shift in strategy away from mergers acquisitions to focus on deleveraging.
ASIAN MARKETS – TRADING LOWER on Monday. MAINLAND EQUITIES are under pressure with real estate firms lagging after weekend data showed another deceleration in Chinese property price growth. THE NIKKEI's weakness has been chalked up to yen strength. Meanwhile THE ASX 200 has clawed back earlier losses with banks in focus amid reports lawmakers are leaning towards holding a commission of inquiry into the sector. There have been some volatile moves in FX markets. Most of the focus has been on THE EURO, which came under pressure against the dollar after talks to form a coalition government in Germany broke down. The yuan has also weakened slightly. The PBoC’s Q3 monetary policy report outlined plans to “neutralize” counter-cyclical measures that have been aimed at smoothing out volatility
Nikkei -0.60% Hang Seng +0.14% CSI +0.46% Shanghai +0.23% Shenzen +0.83%
Eur$ 1.1744 CNH 6.6426 CNY 6.6341 JPY 112.10 GBP 1.3222 CHF 0.9899 RUB 59.2622 WTI 56.62 -0.16%
S&P -0.20% EuroStoxx -0.31% FTSE -0.28% DAX -0.63% SMI +0.48%
Macro :
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Keep an eye on :
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- ALT NA : Altice Responds to Recent Market Speculation & Misinformation
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- DEC FP : APN Outdoor takeover speculation stoked by JCDecaux chair visiting Australia - report
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- OR FP : L’Oreal CEO Agon Sees ‘Record’ 18% FY Operating Margin: Investir
- LSE LN : LSE Board Is Said to Weigh Publishing Dossier on Rolet: FT
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- RWE GY : RWE Is Said to Have Held Talks With Enel on Innogy: Reuters
- TSLA US : Tesla’s Electric Truck Reveal Weighs on Peers: Industrials Wrap
- 6502 JP : Toshiba Seeks $5.4 Billion Cash Injection to Avoid Delisting
- TLW LN : Tullow’s Jubilee Field Off Ghana to Halt Twice in 2018: Citi FM
- YAR NO : Yara to Buy Vale Cubatão Fertilizantes Complex in Brazil
- VATT SS : Sweden Proposes New Financial Targets for Vattenfall
- DG FP : French Highway Cos. to Increase Tolls by 1.03-2.04% in Feb: JDD
- WG/ LN : Wood Group Top 10 Shareholder to Reject CEO’s Pay: Sunday Times
- YNDX US : Yandex Is Said to Buy Food Delivery Co. to Expand Uber Eats: RBC
>>> Up
* Air France-KLM Upgraded to Neutral at JPMorgan; PT 11.60 Euros
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>>> Down
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>>> Initiation
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* BP Midstream Partners Rated New Overweight at JPMorgan; PT $24
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>>> Call