Le Monde : En Belgique, la police déjoue un projet d’attentat djihadiste qui vis

En Belgique, la police déjoue un projet d’attentat djihadiste qui visait le premier ministre, Bart De Wever
Trois suspects ont été arrêtés à Anvers, pour des soupçons de préparation d’« attentat terroriste d’inspiration djihadiste à l’encontre d’hommes politiques » à l’aide d’un drone, a annoncé la justice belge. Deux d’entre eux comparaîtront devant un juge d’instruction vendredi, et le troisième a été libéré.

Un projet d’attentat djihadiste à l’aide d’un drone visant le premier ministre belge Bart De Wever a été déjoué et trois personnes ont été arrêtées jeudi 9 octobre.

La justice belge a d’abord évoqué des « politiques » comme cible de ce projet d’attentat, mais l’entourage du chef du gouvernement belge, et plusieurs de ses ministres, ont confirmé qu’il était bien la cible.

« La nouvelle d’un projet d’attentat visant le premier ministre, Bart De Wever, est profondément choquante », a déclaré sur la plateforme X le ministre des affaires étrangères belge, Maxime Prévot. Interrogé par l’Agence France-Presse, l’entourage du chef du gouvernement belge a également confirmé qu’il était bien la cible de ce projet d’attaque.

Les suspects sont des adultes nés en 2001, 2002 et 2007. Deux d’entre eux étaient auditionnés par la police judiciaire et comparaîtront devant un juge d’instruction vendredi. Le troisième suspect a été libéré.

Ces arrestations s’inscrivent dans le cadre d’une enquête pour « tentative d’assassinat terroriste et participation aux activités d’un groupe terroriste », a expliqué la cheffe du parquet fédéral, Ann Fransen, au cours d’une conférence de presse à Bruxelles. « Il y a également des indications que le but des suspects était de fabriquer un drone auquel une cargaison devait être attachée », a ajouté Mme Fransen.

Selon la presse, la police a fouillé une maison à quelques centaines de mètres du domicile du chef du gouvernement à Anvers. « Lors de la perquisition au domicile d’un des suspects », un engin improvisé, potentiellement explosif mais pas encore opérationnel, a été trouvé ainsi qu’un sac contenant des billes de métal.

Chez un deuxième suspect, la police a découvert une imprimante 3D « dont on peut soupçonner qu’elle devait servir à fabriquer des pièces utiles à la commission d’un attentat », a déclaré Ann Fransen.

FT : The footballing behemoth offered a breather by Ares


The footballing behemoth offered a breather by Ares

If there has ever been a sign of credit risk, an annual interest rate of 22 per cent is it.

That’s what Ares is charging Eagle Football Group, the prolific football investor and owner of Olympique Lyonnais, for part of the $450mn it’s owed.

Eagle Football was founded by John Textor, a former professional skateboarder who subsequently went into tech investing.

But the group has struggled with a heavy debt burden and the FT revealed this week that it’s long been in default on hundreds of millions of dollars of debt.

In June 2023, Eagle Football triggered a technical default by failing to provide Ares with adequate financial information “on a timely basis”, according to long-delayed accounts filed last weekend at UK Companies House.

Altogether, Eagle Football owes Ares about $300mn of ‘payment in kind’ debt with annual interest rates of 16 per cent, another $135mn at a rate of 18 per cent, and a final $27mn facility costing 22 per cent.

Not wanting to disturb the peace though, Ares has let the former minority owner of Crystal Palace off the hook.

The private capital group has been piling into European sports investments in recent years. Yet it decided against seizing Eagle Football’s assets and taking control of the clubs it owns.

Last week it told Textor’s group it wouldn’t seek repayment for a further 12 months. You might think that magnanimous, but Ares is starting to get its pound of flesh.

In July, Eagle Football sold its 45 per cent stake in Crystal Palace to New York Jets owner Robert “Woody” Johnson.

And it was none other than Ares that pocketed the vast majority of the £190mn proceeds from the sale.

WWD : On the Shores of Lake Como, a New Hotel Group Is Born

On the Shores of Lake Como, a New Hotel Group Is Born
The owners of Villa d’Este, whose grounds have captured the wonder of the international jet-set for almost half a millennium, have formed a new group named Villa d’Este La Collezione.


Cernobbio, Italy — Lake Como is filled with aristocratic villas and hotels that have enchanted the world’s greatest thought leaders and celebrities for centuries. On Wednesday, the owners of the storied Villa d’Este, which has lured celebrity guests like Frank Sinatra, Elizabeth Taylor, Woody Allen, Madonna, Oscar de la Renta, Bill Blass, Gianfranco Ferré, Winston Churchill and Gianni Agnelli, said they formed a collection of hotels aimed at preserving the region’s architectural gems. In addition to their marquee property Villa d’Este, they already own Villa La Massa, a five-star location, which is situated on the banks of the Arno River near Florence.

In a press conference announcing the Villa d’Este La Collezione, its owner Giuseppe Fontana said the firm plans to open two new luxury properties: Palazzo Venezia in Como and Miralago Luxury Apartments in Cernobbio.

Preserving Architectural Treasures
“Every day we strive to enhance the destination on a global scale. Today, Villa d’Este La Collezione marks the beginning of a new chapter within a structured growth and development strategy for our magnificent territory, reaffirming our commitment to raising the standard of luxury hospitality and strengthening our position as a leader in the industry,” Fontana said, adding that the group has a constant eye on further acquisitions.


Restoring a Fabled Past
Palazzo Venezia, a 19th-century building located in Piazza Cavour in Como and which faces the lake is expected to open Dec. 6. It will also introduce a new dining experience called Altariva, which includes a lake-view rooftop bar. It will be the first five‑star hotel in Como to join The Leading Hotels of the World, the group said.

Miralago Luxury Apartments, situated in the lakeside town of Cernobbio, will follow in June. The residential property consists of eight luxury apartments that were reimagined by Milan-based design duo Nathalie and Virginie Droulers of Droulers Architecture. It was formerly a four-star property named Hotel Miralago. The upscale residences combine the warmth of a home with the standards of five-star hotel concierge services, as well as privileged access to the facilities of Villa d’Este, including its Sporting Club, swimming pool and Golf Club.


The group is also in the earlier stages of revitalizing two key locations starting with the historic Hotel Regina Olga in Cernobbio. Dating back to the late 19th century, the hotel was acquired by Villa d’Este in April. The restoration project involves updating approximately 50 rooms, a restaurant and a bar with generous outdoor spaces. Another architectural jewel, Villa Belinzaghi, which was built in 1860 by former Milan Mayor and banker Count Giulio Belinzaghi, is also in the works. It was previously part of the Villa d’Este estate during the 1950s and 60s and rejoined the portfolio in 2022, reconnecting an essential chapter in Villa d’Este’s history. The updated property is expected to include four suites, two restaurants, a destination bar and cigar lounge, and a private spa featuring an indoor plunge pool and an outdoor pool nestled in the garden.

Fontana lauded Lake Como’s continued allure and its status as one of the world’s top tourist destinations, remarking on the Sultan of Morocco’s visit to Villa d’Este in 1615.

The property, which boasts a 10-hectare park, was originally built in 1568 and named Villa Garovo. It was designed by architect Pellegrino Pellegrini, known as “Il Tibaldi,” as a summer residence for Cardinal Tolomeo Gallio, Bishop of Como.

In 1815 it was acquired by the then Princess of Wales, Caroline of Brunswick, who became the future Queen of England. She originally named it “New Villa d’Este.”

Lake Como’s Eternal Allure
Tourism continues to serve as a major contributor to Italy’s economy, according to the National Statistics Bureau Istat. In 2024, Italy welcomed 129.3 million tourist arrivals. Nights spent rose 2.5 percent year-on-year, with a total of 458.4 million nights, driven by nonresident visitors.

The upcoming Winter Olympic Games is a key driver for new hotel openings this year. The event, which will be held between Milan and Cortina d’Ampezzo, will run Feb. 6 to 22, while the Paralympics will run March 6 to 15. Italy-based Rocco Forte Hotels will cut the ribbon on the five-star hotel under The Carlton banner, with entrances on Milan’s Via Senato and Via della Spiga, on Nov. 6., while the new Rosewood Milan and Six Senses in Milan are expected to open in 2026.

WWD : Panerai’s New CEO Strives to Increase Visibility While Mining the Brand’s

Panerai’s New CEO Strives to Increase Visibility While Mining the Brand’s Heritage
Emmanuel Perrin was named to the top post of the Richemont-owned brand in April.

Emmanuel Perrin is humble.

Despite a rich résumé that includes a 33-year career at Richemont heading its specialist watchmakers group, serving as chief executive officer of Cartier North America and in several executive roles at Van Cleef & Arpels, he has no desire to be in the spotlight.

So when he was tapped in April to become CEO of Panerai, he made it clear that rather than promoting himself, he would be wholly committed to upholding the legacy of the brand he was charged to oversee.

“I’m only the third CEO in the Richemont era of the company,” he said. “The only mark that I want to make, working with the team at Panerai, is to be a custodian and make sure we hand the maison over to the next generation in stronger shape than when we inherited it.”

Panerai has a rich history. It traces its roots to 1860 when Giovanni Panerai opened a workshop, shop and school of watchmaking in Florence, Italy. Starting in 1910, the company served as the secretive supplier to the commandos of the Italian Navy, starting out crafting precision instruments such as gun sights and luminescent compasses before creating its first watches in 1935.

“That shaped and morphed the DNA of Panerai,” Perrin said.

Until 1993, the company exclusively created timepieces to meet the Italian Navy’s specifications: luminescent, water resistant, extended power reserve and hardy construction. But on Sept. 10 of that year, Panerai introduced its first commercial watches, including the Luminor, which remains its signature to this day.

Panerai was purchased by Richemont in 1997 and today the brand has headquarters and manufacturing facilities in Switzerland as well as an office in Milan.

This rich history is showcased in “The Depths of Time,” an exhibit that debuted Thursday at Casa Panerai, the company’s New York City flagship. The exhibit debuted in Florence on Sept. 10 — the date and location were chosen to commemorate the brand’s move into civilian watches in its original home city — and will remain in Manhattan through Nov. 9 before moving on to Miami.

Perrin proudly showed off the extensive collection of archival materials that include personal letters between the Panerai family and the Italian Navy, technical drawings, early catalogs and historical photographs. Compasses and depth gauges are displayed alongside archival watches and patent certificates.

The exhibition ends with a close-up view of the recently launched Luminor Marina Militare, a reinterpretation of the watch created for the Italian Navy and the versions introduced to the public in 1993.

Panerai still works with the Italian Navy, offering an exclusive vetted collection created just for its commandos. But that represents only a small piece of the business, with 99 percent of sales coming from the commercial collection.

But while targeted to consumers, everything that Panerai creates is rooted in this military history. That means the watches offer cutting-edge Swiss precision technology blended with Italian design.

Because of their history servicing the Navy, the watches are large, ranging from 38 millimeters to 47 millimeters, are rigorously tested to be water-resistant to as much as 500 meters, and are durable. “We make big, tough watches,” Perrin said.

Most of its customers are men, although some women are also fans. To appeal to females, Panerai has begun offering smaller watches, but it will never start making dainty timepieces. “If you’re looking for a diamond-studded watch, I would suggest Cartier,” he said with a smile. “But if you want a tough, mechanical watch, I think Panerai is second to none.”

For both genders, he said Panerai “needs to speak to you, to who you are and what you want to project. We are not a watch for everybody. We still make professional tool watches. We conceive them as such, to have a purpose, to have a function, to be useful, to be resistant, to be reliable. And that’s what also drives the innovation and the continuous improvement of our watches, which is how Panerai has always functioned.”

Its commitment to producing large, durable watches is perhaps the reason the U.S. is Panerai’s largest market. He said the history of the U.S. and its people are very similar to that of Panerai.

“There is a natural affinity for a watch that is big, tough, resilient and resistant. This is how the U.S. was created and you still see the ability of of the U.S. people to go through a major crisis, fall down, get back up, dust themselves off and go forward,” he said.

But one of his goals as CEO is to enhance the visibility of the Panerai brand. Although the company has developed a rabid following globally — there is a group of 30,000 people who belong to Club P, a community of Panerai watch owners and enthusiasts — it’s still under-the-radar for many people. The Club P group is meeting in New York this week and will be visiting the store to see the exhibition on Thursday.

Panerai also counts Sylvester Stallone as a fan. The actor was an early proponent of the watches, wearing them in his movies and gifting them to co-workers.

“It put the brand on the map in the U.S.,” Perrin said.

Evan so, there’s enormous room for growth, he believes. “The awareness of the maison is still very small. We have fantastic product. We have a fantastic history. We have fantastic stories to tell, but too few people know about it. There’s a new generation coming of age and we need to continue engaging with those potential customers — but by staying true to who we are. I think if you try to widen your audience too much by stretching your DNA, you lose a little bit of your soul, and the customer reacts to that.”

Panerai operates 30 stores in the U.S. market and Perrin said it may add one or two more going forward in cities such as Indianapolis — its latest opening — where there is white space. But the primary expansion in the U.S. will be with multibrand retailers, he said.

He also believes there are expansion opportunities in other parts of the world including Mexico, India and Vietnam.

But wherever Panerai goes, it will continue to lean into its heritage as a diving brand. The company has only one main ambassador, Mike Horn, a Swiss explorer and adventurer, who has worked with the brand for more than 20 years. Perrin said he would consider one day bringing a celebrity into the fold, but the relationship would have to be genuine.

“When you see celebrities changing brands from one season to the next, or from one red carpet to the next, it’s probably less relevant. But we would consider someone who naturally wears the brand and would be interested in representing it.”

The Information : Amazon and Google Take Another Stab at Being Glean

Amazon and Google Take Another Stab at Being Glean

It’s been nearly a year since we scooped the news that OpenAI, Google, Snowflake and Cohere were all working on artificial intelligence search products similar to the one startup Glean made a big splash with. Glean’s AI-powered search lets workers at companies easily find emails, Slack messages and other data scattered across business applications. As we said at the time, it seemed like everyone was trying to be like Glean.

Well, guess what? Everyone is still trying to be like Glean! That’s our takeaway from AI product announcements Amazon and Google made today, revealing that both tech giants have sprinkled some new AI features into their existing enterprise software products. Now they are bundling their enterprise search products with new AI features and pitching them as a way for businesses to equip all of their employees with AI.

Amazon’s new offering, Quick Suite, fuses its business-focused chatbot, Q for Business, with a product customers use to analyze corporate data with charts and graphs. Google’s new Gemini Enterprise offering includes Agentspace, the Glean clone it announced last December and launched to all customers in July. Both offerings include some new AI features and connections to more third-party applications, but these are essentially rebrandings.

What’s really happening here is that Amazon and Google are trying to chip away at the perception that it’s hard for big companies to get value from AI. By making AI sound easy to use and turning that messaging into a mantra, they hope to get a foothold with nontechnical employees in companies. That in turn could generate the kind of self-perpetuating buzz that initially helped fuel Glean’s rise.

Of course, a few months after Glean launched its first agent-building service last year, Salesforce’s Slack unit limited the service’s ability to search users’ Slack messages. That raises questions about Glean’s long-term growth prospects. It's doubtful Salesforce would take similar steps to block Amazon’s and Google’s access, though, since it has long-term agreements to rent cloud servers from both those companies.

OpenAI’s European Complaints
We’d love to hear how Google and Amazon respond to this one. OpenAI has complained to Europe’s antitrust chief, Teresa Ribera, that it is having “difficulties” competing with big tech firms, Bloomberg reported.

OpenAI, creator of ChatGPT—which as we know is far and away the dominant AI chatbot—wants the regulator to do something to stop “lock-in of customers by large platforms,” according to Bloomberg’s report.

That’s rich, given how successful ChatGPT has been. It’s a little hard to see that competition from its slower-moving rivals has hurt it, at least so far.

If any company is a threat, it’s Google, which even OpenAI CEO Sam Altman acknowledges seems to have its act together. Altman told Stratechery columnist Ben Thompson this week, “Google’s doing incredible work right now, but clearly they didn’t in that first period of time where ChatGPT got to market.” We’ll await regulators’ responses with bated breath.

TechCrunch : While OpenAI races to build AI data centers, Nadella reminds us tha

While OpenAI races to build AI data centers, Nadella reminds us that Microsoft already has them

Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella on Thursday tweeted a video of his company’s first deployed massive AI system — or AI “factory” as Nvidia likes to call them. He promised this is the “first of many” such Nvidia AI factories that will be deployed across Microsoft Azure’s global data centers to run OpenAI workloads.

Each system is a cluster of more than 4,600 Nvidia GB300 rack computers sporting the much-in-demand Blackwell Ultra GPU chip and connected via Nvidia’s super-fast networking tech called InfiniBand. (Besides AI chips, Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang also had the foresight to corner the market on InfiniBand when his company acquired Mellanox for $6.9 billion in 2019.)

Microsoft promises that it will be deploying “hundreds of thousands of Blackwell Ultra GPUs” as it rolls out these systems globally. While the size of these systems is eye-popping (and the company shared plenty more technical details for hardware enthusiasts to peruse), the timing of this announcement is also noteworthy.

It comes just after OpenAI, its partner and well-documented frenemy, inked two high-profile data center deals with Nvidia and AMD. In 2025, OpenAI has racked up, by some estimates, $1 trillion in commitments to build its own data centers. And CEO Sam Altman said this week that more were coming.

Microsoft clearly wants the world to know that it already has the data centers — more than 300 in 34 countries — and that they are “uniquely positioned” to “meet the demands of frontier AI today,” the company said. These monster AI systems are also capable of running the next generation of models with “hundreds of trillions of parameters,” it said.

We expect to hear more about how Microsoft is ramping up to serve AI workloads later this month. Microsoft CTO Kevin Scott will be speaking at TechCrunch Disrupt, which will be held October 27 to October 29 in San Francisco.

TechCrunch : Tesla’s Full Self-Driving software under investigation for traffic

Tesla’s Full Self-Driving software under investigation for traffic safety violations

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has opened an investigation into Tesla’s Full Self-Driving tech after receiving reports that the software caused vehicles to run red lights or cross into wrong lanes.

The probe, which identified more than 50 reports of these kinds of violations (four of which led to injuries), is one of the first specifically targeted at Tesla’s Full Self-Driving (FSD) driver assistance software. The NHTSA previously opened an investigation into FSD in October 2024 after receiving reports of crashes in low-visibility conditions.

The federal safety agency in April 2024 closed an investigation into Tesla’s less-capable Autopilot system after identifying 13 fatal crashes related to the misuse of that software. A separate investigation into the efficacy of the fix Tesla issued to Autopilot remains open.

The new investigation was opened the same week that Tesla released the latest version of the software, which CEO Elon Musk has spent months hyping. This new version is supposed to incorporate training data that Tesla acquired during its limited robotaxi pilot, currently underway in Austin, Texas.

The safety agency’s Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) said on Thursday that it has received at least 18 complaints and one media report alleging that Tesla’s FSD software failed to stop the car or stay stopped at red lights. In addition, ODI said it identified six reports from Tesla under the agency’s Standing General Order for Crash Reporting (SGO), which requires companies to submit information about crashes involving autonomous or partially autonomous cars.

ODI said it has already worked with Maryland’s Transportation Authority and its State Police to determine if some of the red light problems are repeatable, since “multiple subject incidents occurred at the same intersection in Joppa, Maryland.” Tesla has already “taken action to address the issue at this intersection,” according to the NHTSA.

ODI also said on Thursday it had identified 18 complaints, two media reports, and two SGO reports from Tesla about instances in which FSD “entered opposing lanes of travel during or following a turn, crossed double-yellow lane markings while proceeding straight, or attempted to turn onto a road in the wrong direction despite the presence of wrong-way road signs.”

ODI said it has identified six complaints, one media report, and four SGO reports where a Tesla with FSD engaged drove straight through an intersection from a turn lane, or turned from a through lane.

“Some of the reported incidents appeared to involve FSD executing a lane change into an opposing lane of travel with little notice to a driver or opportunity to intervene,” ODI wrote.

ODI opened what’s known as a “Preliminary Evaluation,” one of the first steps it can take on the way to requiring a recall. The agency said it typically tries to complete these investigations within eight months, although it’s unclear if the federal government shutdown would affect the timeline.

Musk’s Department of Government Efficiency earlier this year reportedly made dramatic cuts to NHTSA’s vehicle automation safety staff.

TechCrunch : Reflection AI raises $2B to be America’s open frontier AI lab, chal

Reflection AI raises $2B to be America’s open frontier AI lab, challenging DeepSeek

Reflection AI, a startup founded just last year by two former Google DeepMind researchers, has raised $2 billion at an $8 billion valuation, a whopping 15x leap from its $545 million valuation just seven months ago. The company, which originally focused on autonomous coding agents, is now positioning itself as both an open source alternative to closed frontier labs like OpenAI and Anthropic, and a Western equivalent to Chinese AI firms like DeepSeek.

The startup was launched in March 2024 by Misha Laskin, who led reward modeling for DeepMind’s Gemini project, and Ioannis Antonoglou, who co-created AlphaGo, the AI system that famously beat the world champion in the board game Go in 2016. Their background developing these very advanced AI systems is central to their pitch, which is that the right AI talent can build frontier models outside established tech giants.

Along with its new round, Reflection AI announced that it has recruited a team of top talent from DeepMind and OpenAI, and built an advanced AI training stack that it promises will be open for all. Perhaps most importantly, Reflection AI says it has “identified a scalable commercial model that aligns with our open intelligence strategy.”

Reflection AI’s team currently numbers about 60 people — mostly AI researchers and engineers across infrastructure, data training, and algorithm development, per Laskin, the company’s CEO. Reflection AI has secured a compute cluster and hopes to release a frontier language model next year that’s trained on “tens of trillions of tokens,” he told TechCrunch.

“We built something once thought possible only inside the world’s top labs: a large-scale LLM and reinforcement learning platform capable of training massive Mixture-of-Experts (MoEs) models at frontier scale,” Reflection AI wrote in a post on X. “We saw the effectiveness of our approach first-hand when we applied it to the critical domain of autonomous coding. With this milestone unlocked, we’re now bringing these methods to general agentic reasoning.”

MoE refers to a specific architecture that powers frontier LLMs — systems that, previously, only large, closed AI labs were capable of training at scale. DeepSeek had a breakthrough moment when it figured out how to train these models at scale in an open way, followed by Qwen, Kimi, and other models in China.

“DeepSeek and Qwen and all these models are our wake-up call because if we don’t do anything about it, then effectively, the global standard of intelligence will be built by someone else,” Laskin said. “It won’t be built by America.”

Laskin added that this puts the U.S. and its allies at a disadvantage because enterprises and sovereign states often won’t use Chinese models due to potential legal repercussions.

“So you can either choose to live at a competitive disadvantage or rise to the occasion,” Laskin said.

American technologists have largely celebrated Reflection AI’s new mission. David Sacks, the White House AI and Crypto Czar, posted on X: “It’s great to see more American open source AI models. A meaningful segment of the global market will prefer the cost, customizability, and control that open source offers. We want the U.S. to win this category too.”

Clem Delangue, co-founder and CEO of Hugging Face, an open and collaborative platform for AI builders, told TechCrunch of the round, “This is indeed great news for American open-source AI.” Added Delangue, “Now the challenge will be to show high velocity of sharing of open AI models and datasets (similar to what we’re seeing from the labs dominating in open-source AI).”

Reflection AI’s definition of being “open” seems to center on access rather than development, similar to strategies from Meta with Llama or Mistral. Laskin said Reflection AI would release model weights — the core parameters that determine how an AI system works — for public use while largely keeping datasets and full training pipelines proprietary.

“In reality, the most impactful thing is the model weights, because the model weights anyone can use and start tinkering with them,” Laskin said. “The infrastructure stack, only a select handful of companies can actually use that.”

That balance also underpins Reflection AI’s business model. Researchers will be able to use the models freely, Laskin said, but revenue will come from large enterprises building products on top of Reflection AI’s models and from governments developing “sovereign AI” systems, meaning AI models developed and controlled by individual nations.

“Once you get into that territory where you’re a large enterprise, by default you want an open model,” Laskin said. “You want something you will have ownership over. You can run it on your infrastructure. You can control its costs. You can customize it for various workloads. Because you’re paying some ungodly amount of money for AI, you want to be able to optimize it as much as much as possible, and really that’s the market that we’re serving.”

Reflection AI hasn’t yet released its first model, which will be largely text-based, with multimodal capabilities in the future, according to Laskin. It will use the funds from this latest round to get the compute resources needed to train the new models, the first of which the company is aiming to release early next year.

Investors in Reflection AI’s latest round include Nvidia, Disruptive, DST, 1789, B Capital, Lightspeed, GIC, Eric Yuan, Eric Schmidt, Citi, Sequoia, CRV, and others.

WSJ : Can These Self-Flying Planes Transform the Skies?

Can These Self-Flying Planes Transform the Skies?
Reliable Robotics is among startups hoping to revolutionize air travel by doing away with the need for human pilots on cargo, military and even passenger aircraft

Reliable Robotics is testing autonomous flight with a pilot on standby, aiming to revolutionize air travel without human pilots.
Boeing and Airbus are exploring increased automation for safety, but aren’t designing commercial jets without pilots in cockpits.
Autonomous flight for passengers faces significant technical, regulatory, and public acceptance hurdles, despite technological advancements.

MOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif.—“Aircraft should fly themselves!” is scrawled on a whiteboard at Reliable Robotics’ offices here.

Recently two staff members watching on monitors tracked the flight path of a small airplane flying itself above northern California, about 40 miles away. The Cessna Caravan had a pilot aboard on standby, along with a flight-test engineer, but was otherwise on its own. They were testing a new collision-avoidance system and new radar that helps the plane see and avoid other aircraft.

If all goes as planned, Reliable Robotics eventually won’t need any pilots on board its planes. It is among startups vying to revolutionize air travel by doing away with the need for human pilots on cargo, military and maybe even passenger aircraft. Autonomous flight is being tested at companies from giant aircraft makers to small startups.

For now, cargo and military flights are the focus. Reliable recently signed a $17 million contract with the U.S. Air Force that involves testing autonomous cargo flights. Flying-taxi maker Joby Aviation also recently tested its own pilotless Cessna for the Air Force over the Pacific Ocean.

Boeing and Airbus, the world’s leading makers of large commercial jets, have separately worked on introducing more automation in their aircraft, and both say the aim is to improve safety. The two companies have also examined fully autonomous flight, but say they aren’t working on commercial-jet designs that don’t include pilots in cockpits.

Truly autonomous flight with human passengers will face a host of technical and regulatory hurdles, and—perhaps the most difficult of all—a tough sell to travelers.

Pilots, the faces and voices of safety for the flying public, reassure during startling turbulence or other in-flight scares. Their presence conveys someone is there to save the day.

“I don’t think we’re going to go full autonomy passenger operations immediately,” says Robert Rose, Reliable’s chief executive. “And the reason for that has more to do with passenger acceptance than it does the technology.”

Advances in technology over past decades have already reduced the number of people needed on the flight deck. Aviation industry officials credit automation with steady improvements in safety, including new cockpit features that have reduced pilots’ workloads and helped them avoid potentially catastrophic slip-ups. Commercial aircraft can already essentially fly themselves while on autopilot in normal conditions and practically land automatically, though pilots must plug inputs into the automation, closely monitor cockpit systems and stand by to take over flying manually if needed.

Earlier in the jet age, more pilots were on the flight deck, along with navigators and flight engineers. In recent decades regulators have generally required two pilots in the cockpits of commercial flights, one to fly and the other to monitor the operation. The Air Line Pilots Association labor union that represents aviators at U.S. and Canadian carriers argues that safety depends on having a pair of well-trained, well-rested pilots ready to intervene with cockpit automation and jointly resolve emergencies like engine failures.

An Airbus project has centered on potentially reducing the number of pilots needed in the cockpit to one during certain phases of flight. It is called extended minimum crew operations, or eMCO. Airbus says its aim is to reduce fatigue by building cockpit features that would allow pilots to rest while one of them flies during certain phases of cruise, the high-altitude portion of flight.

The European plane maker has been working on modifying its A350, a large wide-body jet used on long-haul international flights, with the expectation cargo carriers might use such a system first. The systems would involve “smart automation” features that kick in, for instance, when a plane depressurizes—causing it to descend to 10,000 feet, sending an emergency transmission to air-traffic control and avoiding other aircraft on the way to lower altitude. Airbus said the smart feature is already in service on the A350.

On long-haul flights, the wide-body planes such as the A350 might carry three or four pilots. The eMCO system would require only one in the cockpit during certain periods, while the others can rest in crew-only areas. Airbus’s design and testing has involved alerting resting pilots when the pilot in the cockpit needs help. “It’s going to support the crews, not replace them,” says Airbus chief commercial test pilot Malcolm Ridley.

The European Union Aviation Safety Agency also now requires at least two pilots in cockpits of commercial planes. It said a study couldn’t demonstrate that the Airbus system in development was currently as safe as that. “Any consideration of this will depend on the new technologies first proving their safety benefit,” said a spokeswoman for the agency.

Boeing long built aircraft with pilots at the center of their design philosophy, de-emphasizing automation. The thinking shifted after a flawed flight-control system overpowered pilots and sent two of Boeing’s 737 MAX jets into fatal nosedives in fall 2018 and again in spring 2019. The accidents also exposed Boeing’s faulty assumptions that pilots could handle such emergencies, leading the company to focus on developing more automation, improved so that it wouldn’t rely on pilots responding perfectly when things go wrong.

Boeing’s pilotless flying taxi called Wisk has been a test bed for automation. The plan is to have no pilots on board, but instead use ground controllers to oversee the electric vehicles. Boeing executives have signaled they are focused on designing the company’s commercial jetliners with two pilots in the cockpit while using Wisk’s advances in automation to reduce their workload, so they can make critical decisions faster. “These types of technologies are going to be an incredible enhancement,” Jim Webb, Boeing’s chief commercial pilot, said in September at a pilot union conference in Chicago.

Greater autonomy in aviation will become less novel over time—just as with driverless taxis, predicts Eric Allison, chief product officer at flying-taxi startup Joby. “The way these technologies are getting woven in is certainly going to make it much more mundane to interact with, effectively, robots on a regular basis—whether they are robot cars or [robots for home chores] or robot airplanes,” he said.

Reliable Robotics’ new autopilot likely at first will involve “safety pilots” behind the controls ahead of further regulatory approvals, says CEO Rose, who previously worked on autonomous technologies at SpaceX and Tesla. Ground controllers will be capable of acting as remote pilots able to intervene, but the system itself will need to be able to resolve in-flight emergencies on its own. Rose says his goal is to win Federal Aviation Administration certification for using fully remote pilots with the company’s planes in 2028.

The FAA declined to comment about Reliable’s specific work but noted the agency laid out a pathway for certifying remotely piloted and autonomous aircraft in 2020.

In addition to software, the company has been working on an onboard radar system so its autopilot can see and avoid other aircraft as pilots do. Collision-avoidance systems on commercial jets typically use a mix of transponders and other sensors, but not radar. They have also been developing stronger actuators—machines that pull and push and take the place of pilots’ muscles to move planes’ rudders and other flight-control surfaces in conditions where humans would otherwise have to intervene.

Jason Ambrosi, president of the Air Line Pilots Association, predicts autonomous flight won’t be ready any time soon and says he doesn’t think Reliable’s eventual system would apply to larger aircraft. “It’s a robot flying a Cessna Caravan in the desert remotely,” Ambrosi says. “It’s a lot different than an A350 or a 777 leaving out of JFK over to Europe.”

Rose said Reliable’s system will be designed to operate in busy airport environments, starting with Albuquerque, N.M.

“We’re talking about a certified system that is certified for use in and around populated areas,” he says. “We do anticipate many of the lessons learned there to transfer to other operations around the country and much of the world.”

WSJ : China’s Rare-Earth Escalation Threatens Trade Talks—and the Global Economy

China’s Rare-Earth Escalation Threatens Trade Talks—and the Global Economy
President Trump says Washington is weighing a response

China’s new rare-earth export restrictions require permission for goods with 0.1% or more rare-earth materials sourced from China by value.
The restrictions are seen as an escalation in the U.S.-China trade fight, threatening the global semiconductor supply chain.
China produces approximately 90% of global rare earths, giving it significant leverage over key supply chains.

China’s newest restrictions on rare-earth materials would mark a nearly unprecedented export control that stands to disrupt the global economy, giving Beijing more leverage in trade negotiations and ratcheting up pressure on the Trump administration to respond.

The rule, put out Thursday by China’s Commerce Ministry, is viewed as an escalation in the U.S.-China trade fight because it threatens the supply chain for semiconductors. Chips are the lifeblood of the economy, powering phones, computers and data centers needed to train artificial-intelligence models. The rule also would affect cars, solar panels and the equipment for making chips and other products, limiting the ability of other countries to support their own industries. China produces roughly 90% of the world’s rare-earth materials.

Global companies that sell goods with certain rare-earth materials sourced from China accounting for 0.1% or more of the product’s value would need permission from Beijing, under the new rule. Tech companies will probably find it extremely difficult to show that their chips, the equipment needed to make them and other components fall below the 0.1% threshold, industry experts said.

“These rare-earth minerals and the ability to refine them are just the basis of modern civilization,” said Dean Ball, who recently left his White House role as an AI policy adviser to become a senior fellow at the Foundation for American Innovation, a think tank. He added that the rules could cause a U.S. recession if implemented aggressively because of how important AI capital spending is to the economy.

The U.S. and other countries are pouring hundreds of billions of dollars into data centers, making AI a key economic engine. China gaining control of the technology would potentially let it catch up in the AI race and upend the world order, experts said.

“It’s an economic equivalent of nuclear war—an intent to destroy the American AI industry,” said Dmitri Alperovitch, co-founder of the Silverado Policy Accelerator think tank. He called it a “blackmail tactic” ahead of a potential meeting between President Trump and Chinese leader Xi Jinping in South Korea in the coming weeks to continue trade talks and didn’t think China will follow through on fully implementing the rule.

Trump said at a cabinet meeting that Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick would figure out how to respond. “We import from China massive amounts and maybe we will have to stop doing that,” Trump said. The rules were announced without notice to the U.S., and appear to be an effort to control the world’s technology supply chains, a White House official said.

China has used rare earths to gain leverage in trade talks throughout the year. Restrictions in April sent shock waves through supply chains, helping lead to a trade truce announced in June.

Former administration officials and experts suggested the U.S. could respond by adding to its tariff regimen, cutting China off from Western semiconductor manufacturing equipment and accelerating efforts to build out domestic rare-earths capacity. Some analysts expect Trump to hit back hard.

The U.S. levies are now in the range of 30% to 50% on Chinese imports—higher than the levels negotiated with Vietnam, Japan and Indonesia. China’s average tariffs on U.S. exports are at around 33%.

While positioned as retaliation for recent U.S. export-control actions targeting Chinese tech companies, Beijing’s decision is a calculated power play, according to people familiar with the Chinese government’s decision-making process. China is trying to strengthen its leverage over Trump—whom it sees as eager to strike a deal—in a bid to extract concessions on tariffs and tech controls, the people said.

During the last round of negotiations with senior American officials in Madrid last month, China’s chief trade negotiator, Vice Premier He Lifeng, asked for the full removal of tariffs and export controls, The Wall Street Journal has reported. The latest rare-earth action, the people said, is a tactic aimed at achieving that goal.

The action, the people noted, is part of a pattern of China responding to what it perceives as feeble actions from Washington with disproportionately strong moves.

The new rules also cover goods that could be used for military purposes. They would expand on previous restrictions on rare-earth metals and related products that have already hit companies around the world.

The semiconductor supply chain is vulnerable to actions like China’s because large chip plants require big capital investments from an ecosystem of companies providing specialized equipment, intricate technical processes and final packaging. Companies in the U.S., Taiwan, Japan and the Netherlands all collaborate with one another.

The Trump and Biden administrations have offered subsidies and other policies to aid the process, but domestic capacity generally remains in its infancy.

Some analysts said the new rules will fuel new urgency for big tech companies to invest more in these areas.

“This is a real vulnerability for U.S. AI companies,” said Joseph Hoefer, chief AI officer at lobbying firm Monument Advocacy, which represents tech companies.