>>> What to look at today - 20th of March 2026

Equity markets turned choppy heading into the weekend, while oil prices cooled as investors weighed efforts by the US and Israel to ease concerns over the Iran war. The MSCI Asia Pacific Index traded in a tight range after a 2.6% slide on Thursday — when strikes on energy assets in the Middle East stoked fears of a prolonged economic impact from the conflict. S&P 500 futures were steady after the underlying benchmark recovered from a 1% drop to finish the last session down 0.3%. Brent crude declined from its highest closing level since July 2022 to trade around $107 per barrel. Israel’s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said the nation will no longer target energy infrastructure, and added that the war will end a lot faster than people think as Iran is no longer able to enrich uranium or manufacture ballistic missiles. Meanwhile, US President Donald Trump told reporters he’s “not putting troops anywhere” after being asked about the possibility of deploying ground troops. Traders are parsing every geopolitical headline as the conflict has upended the energy supply chain. Prices of gasoline and jet fuel have surged while cooking gas shortages have triggered fistfights in India. The International Energy Agency has called the war the biggest supply disruption in the history of the oil market. Trading in Asia was thin on account of holidays in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. Japanese markets were also shut, meaning there was no cash trading in Treasuries during Asian hours. A slump in shares of heavyweight Alibaba Group Holding Ltd. also weighed on the MSCI Asia gauge. The Chinese tech giant’s stock lost as much as 6.4% in Hong Kong after it reported sales that missed estimates, dragged by sluggish growth in its core e-commerce business. Meanwhile, shares of AIA Group Ltd. jumped nearly 5% after its results and the announcement of a buyback plan. The MSCI Asia benchmark was up 0.3% for this week, after falling in each of the previous two weeks. Elsewhere in markets, a gauge of the dollar rose 0.2% on Friday after slipping 0.7% in the last session. India’s rupee weakened past 93 per dollar to a fresh record low. The risk of a global inflation shock has also complicated the policy outlook for global central banks. Investors in bond markets around the world are rushing to bet on higher interest rates amid the jump in energy prices.
Australia’s benchmark bond yields climbed to the highest level in almost 15 years on Friday, while New Zealand’s two-year yields hit the highest in about a year. On Thursday, UK’s two-year rate jumped 31 basis points to 4.40% after the Bank of England said it “stands ready” to act to prevent inflation from accelerating. The US Treasury 10-year yield fell two basis points to 4.25%. However, the policy-sensitive two-year yield rose two basis points to 3.79%. As the war reduces prospects for a US interest-rate cut in the near term, gold is heading for the biggest weekly loss in six years. The precious metal — widely viewed as a haven — has dropped every week since the US and Israel attacked Iran last month. Kyle Rodda, senior market analyst at Capital.com, says “right now there seems to be, still, a degree of complacency that things will be resolved swiftly enough.”  Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent noted the US is looking to remove sanctions that it has long imposed on Iranian oil in an effort to lower surging energy prices. The White House doesn’t plan to ban the export of oil and gas, an official said Thursday. Meanwhile, Kuwait on Friday shut down several units at the Al Ahmadi Refinery after multiple drone attacks caused a fire, according to state-run Kuna. US After Hours FDX +8.9%, PL +16.4%, SCHL +9.4% higher on earnings; CORT +3% on insider buy.

Nikkei Closed Hang Seng -1.13% CSI -0.26% Shanghai -1.09% Shenzen -0.96%

Eur$ 1.1558 CNH 6.8978 CNY 6.8959 JPY 158.38 GBP 1.3405 CHF 0.7894 RUB 86.0507 TRY 44.3085 WTI$ 93.94 -1.68% Gold 4,707 +1.99% BTC 70,600 +0.16% ETH 2,140 -0.27%

S&P -0.07% Nasdaq -0.19% EuroStoxx +0.34% FTSE +0.14% Dax +0.43% SMI +0.13%

Macro :
- Meloni: ‘Confident’ EU Will Approve Italy Energy Measures
- EU to Propose ‘ETS Booster’ With €30B Budget: Von Der Leyen
- Goldman Clients Eye S&P 500 at 6,200 as Level to ‘Blindly Buy’
- QatarEnergy Sees $20b/Year Lost Rev From Ras Laffan Attack
- Poland May Release Fuel Reserves If Necessary: Deputy Minister
- Trump, Takaichi Unveil $40 Billion US Nuclear Power Project

Keep an eye on :
- AMZN US ; Blue Origin Files With FCC for Data Center Satellite Network
- BABA US : Alibaba Sinks as Delivery War, Weak Consumer Weigh: Street Wrap
- AUTO NO : Amazon Acquires Robotics Startup, Boosting Efforts to Streamline Deliveries
- BAS GY : BASF Active as Strategist Pitches Short: EMEA Options Snapshot
- EN FP : Colas to Pay €30M Fine as Part of French Corruption Settlement
- ENEL IM : Enel Sees 2026 EPS EU0.72-EU0.74, EST. EU0.72
- FDX US : FedEx Shares Gain After Boosting Full-Year Profit Outlook
- GEMI US : Winklevosses Say Job Cuts at Gemini Exchange Reach 30%
- ELG GY : German Semiconductor Group Elmos Explores a Sale: Reuters
- FPE GY : Fuchs Sees 2026 Ebit About EU450M, Est. EU456.6M
- GN DC : GN CEO Peter Karlstromer Buys Shares in Company for DKK2.79m
- GS US : Goldman M&A Head Says Buyers Are Keeping ‘Eyes on the Sunset’
- GOOGL US : Google Begins Testing Gemini Mac App to Match ChatGPT and Claude
- IDR SM : Indra Chairman Seeks to End Government Fight, Shelves Deal
- INW IM : INWIT Sees 2026 Rev. EU1.05B-EU1.09B, Cites Tenant Conflicts
- META US : Brazil Regulator Orders Meta to Halt New AI Chatbot Pricing
- MKC US : Unilever Is Said in Talks to Merge Food Business With McCormick --+3%
- NXST US : Nexstar Media Group, Closes Acquisition of TEGNA
- NOVOB DC : Novo’s High-Dose Wegovy Gets US Approval in Needed Boost
- NBG6 GY : Bank of Family That Lent to Popes and Emperors May Be for Sale
- SMIN LN : Smiths Group 1H Group Operating Profit GBP159M
- SpaceX IPO : NASA Plans Bigger SpaceX Moon-Mission Role in Blow to Boeing
- SPI LN : Bridgepoint Prepares £1b Offer for Spire Healthcare: Sky
- SYZ CN : Activist OneMove Raises Stake in Sylogist to Over 10%
- TGNA US : FCC Approves Sale of Some Stations to Nexstar From Tegna
- TSLA US : Tesla in Talks to Buy $2.9b of Chinese Solar Equipment: Reuters
- TSLA US : What to Know About Tesla's Terafab Project and the Company's AI Future
- ULVR LN : Unilever Is Said in Talks to Merge Food Business With McCormick
- UPS US : *UPS FOLLOWS FEDEX SHARES HIGHER, UP 1.3%

>>> Europe : Brokers Upgrades & Downgrades - 20th of March 2026

>>> Up
* Aasen Sparebank Raised to Buy at Norne Securities; PT 164 kroner
* Air Products Raised to Overweight at JPMorgan; PT $310
* Bayer Raised to Outperform at Oddo BHF; PT 55 euros
* Belimo Raised to Neutral at Van Lanschot Kempen
* BP Raised to Hold at HSBC; PT 565 pence
* Chevron Raised to Buy at HSBC; PT $215
* Equinor Raised to Neutral at UBS; PT 410 kroner
* Freshpet Raised to Outperform at Oppenheimer; PT $80
* GAP Airports ADRs Raised to Outperform at Grupo Santander
* Infineon Raised to Overweight at JPMorgan; PT 48 euros
* Moncler Raised to Outperform at Oddo BHF; PT 65 euros
* Norsk Hydro Raised to Outperform at RBC; PT 95 kroner
* Rational Raised to Sector Perform at RBC; PT 640 euros

>>> Down
* Alior Cut to Neutral at Citi; PT 113.60 zloty
* ATALAYA MINING COPPER SA Cut to Sector Perform at RBC
* Bank Pekao Cut to Neutral at Citi; PT 226 zloty
* Boliden Cut to Sector Perform at RBC; PT 600 kronor
* Central Asia Metals Cut to Underperform at RBC; PT 170 pence
* Close Brothers Raised to Buy at Shore Capital; PT 495 pence
* Flekkefjord Raised to Buy at Norne Securities; PT 141 kroner
* Galp Cut to Hold at HSBC; PT 21 euros
* InPost Cut to Hold at Jefferies; PT 15.60 euros
* Lufthansa Cut to Sell at Goldman; PT 6.60 euros
* Magnum Ice Cream Cut to Sell at Goldman; PT 13 euros
* Mosaic Cut to Sell at Freedom Capital
* Nidaros Sparebank Raised to Buy at Norne Securities
* PKO Cut to Neutral at Citi; PT 93 zloty
* Sparebank 68 Grader Nord Cut to Sell at Norne Securities
* Thyssenkrupp Nucera Cut to Underperform at Grupo Santander
* Volaris ADRs Cut to Neutral at Grupo Santander; PT $7.20

>>> Initiation
* CVS Group Rated New Equal-Weight at Barclays; PT 1,340 pence
* Dustin Rated New Neutral at SB1 Markets; PT 1.50 kronor
* Galderma Rated New Outperform at Oddo BHF; PT 197 Swiss francs
* Georg Fischer Rated New Buy at Van Lanschot Kempen
* Mha Rated New Buy at Peel Hunt; PT 179 pence
* Mha Rated New Buy at Berenberg; PT 215 pence
* Strategy Rated New Buy at Texas Capital; PT $200
* Temenos Rated New Buy at Berenberg; PT 95 Swiss francs

>>> Call
* Goldman Clients Eye S&P 500 at 6,200 as Level to ‘Blindly Buy’
* SocGen Strategists Overweight Europe, Commodities in Allocation

>>> Stoxx 600 Pre-Market Indications

  • Infineon (IFX TH) +4.7%
    • Infineon Raised to Overweight at JPMorgan; PT 48 euros
  • Standard Life PLC (1BF TH) +4%
  • TUI (TUI1 TH) +1.9%
  • Deutsche Post (DHL TH) +1.8%
    • Watch European Mail-Delivery Stocks After FedEx Raises Outlook
  • Bayer (BAYN TH) +1.6%
    • Bayer Raised to Outperform at Oddo BHF; PT 55 euros
  • Rolls-Royce (RRU TH) +1.6%
  • Rational (RAA TH) +1.4%
  • Vonovia (VNA TH) +1.4%
  • Ryanair (RY4C TH) +1.3%
  • AUTO1 (AG1 TH) +1.3%
  • Philips (PHI1 TH) -1.1%
  • TotalEnergies (TOTB TH) -1.4%
  • Yara (IU2 TH) -1.8%
  • Shell (R6C0 TH) -2%
  • Equinor (DNQ TH) -2.1%
  • K+S (SDF TH) -2.2%
    • EQS-Adhoc: Forecast for the 2026 financial year
  • BP (BPE5 TH) -2.4%
  • Magnum Ice Cream (7RM TH) -2.9%
    • Magnum Ice Cream Cut to Sell at Goldman; PT 13 euros
  • Var Energi (J4V TH) -3.1%
  • Aker BP (ARC TH) -3.3%

>>> TradeGate Pre-Market Indications

DAX:
  • Infineon (IFX TH) +4.8%
    • Infineon Raised to Overweight at JPMorgan; PT 48 euros
  • Deutsche Post (DHL TH) +2.1%
    • Watch European Mail-Delivery Stocks After FedEx Raises Outlook
  • Deutsche Bank (DBK TH) +1.7%
    • Deutsche Bank Names Campelli to President, Hoops to Join Board
  • Bayer (BAYN TH) +1.7%
    • Bayer Raised to Outperform at Oddo BHF; PT 55 euros
  • Siemens Energy (ENR TH) +1.4%
MDAX:
  • Lanxess (LXS TH) +2.5%
  • AUTO1 (AG1 TH) +2.2%
  • TUI (TUI1 TH) +2.2%
  • Fuchs (FPE3 TH) +1.4%
  • Thyssenkrupp (TKA TH) +1.3%
  • K+S (SDF TH) -1%
SDAX:
  • PNE AG (PNE3 TH) +5.9%
    • EQS-Adhoc: Forecast for the 2026 financial year
  • Energiekontor (EKT TH) +2.8%
  • Deutz (DEZ TH) +1.6%
  • Kontron (KTN TH) +1.6%
  • Mutares (MUX TH) +1.4%

>>> CONGLOMERATES: FT READ-ACROSS → 6 TRADES

CONGLOMERATES: FT READ-ACROSS → 6 TRADES
Laurent Chekroun | 20 Mar 2026 | Prices as of 19 Mar close
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FT makes the structural case: conglomerates trade at persistent SoP discount, management spread thin, cheap ETFs kill the diversification rationale. Below are the trades with yesterday's closing prices.

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I. PURE-PLAY RERATING
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HON AEROSPACE SPINCO — LONG AT LISTING / SHORT HON REMAINCO
- HON US close: $234.51
- SpinCo (HONA) targets Q3 2026 listing; Form 10 filed; $16bn notes priced Mar 16
- Investor Day June 3 Phoenix — next de-risking event
- SpinCo comps: Safran/Heico/TransDigm 22-28x EV/EBITDA vs HON blended ~17x
- Implied SpinCo upside: 25-35% to comp range
- Short RemainCo: automation + building, softer industrial cycle
- Risk: Middle East disruption flagged by mgmt — pushing ~high-single-digit Q1 revs to Q2

SIE GY — LONG vs SHORT SAP GY
- SIE prev close: €218.10 (intraday Mar 19 touched €210, -21% from €275.75 ATH Feb 12)
- Margins near-doubled since 2018 spin programme (7% → 13.5%E 2026)
- Residual SoP discount ~12%; DI inventory correction inflecting
- Pair vs SAP neutralises German tech beta
- Risk: China DI ~35% of segment; German recession

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II. COCOA PAIR — CORE TRADE
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LONG HSY / SHORT MDLZ — MARKET NEUTRAL 1:1
- HSY US: ~$235 | MDLZ US: ~$57
- Cocoa futures -40% from peak
- HSY ~85% chocolate — full input cost tailwind
- MDLZ: biscuits/gum/cheese ~50% revs dilute cocoa benefit; hedged into 2026
- MDLZ mgmt explicit: cocoa normalisation materialises in 2027, not 2026
- FY26E gross margin uplift: HSY ~380bps vs MDLZ ~90bps
- HSY raised FY26 adj EPS guidance $8.36 (+32% YoY) at Q4 earnings
- Spread near 18M wides on relative PE
- Horizon: 6-9M

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III. BASF GY — SoP ARBITRAGE + CARRY
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- BAS GY close: €46.13 (-4.5% Mar 19 — post FY guidance miss)
- 2026 EBITDA guidance €6.2-7.0bn vs consensus €7.02bn → entry point
- Trades 7.5x EV/EBITDA vs chem peers 11-14x standalone → 25-30% SoP discount
- Dividend yield ~4.9% at €46.13 (€2.25/sh) as carry
- Catalyst: activist entry or Ludwigshafen restructuring inflection
- Hedge: short LXS GY (close €11.82; -57% past 12M; Q1 results out today)
- Note: LANXESS reporting Mar 19 — watch for post-earnings short entry
- Horizon: 12-24M, patient

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IV. PE EXIT WATCH
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KONE FH (KNEBV) — LONG M&A PREMIUM
- Close: €63.22 (ex-div Mar 16; €1.80/sh)
- Advent/Cinven seeking TK Elevator exit
- Elevator comps: 18-22x EV/EBITDA — TK Elevator EBITDA ~€1.5bn → EV €22-28bn
- Kone most logical strategic buyer (European footprint overlap)
- 52W range €45.42-€63.02 — at top; add on any pullback
- Horizon: 6-18M, process-driven

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V. STRUCTURAL SHORT
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KHC US — SHORT ON ANY SPLIT RALLY
- Close: ~$22.00 (52W high $33.35; -35% YTD)
- CEO Cahillane paused split plans Feb 2026 — no near-term catalyst
- Q4: sales -3.4%, $9.3bn impairment, full-year EPS guidance cut
- Volume -2 to -3% YoY; D/EBITDA ~4x; brands in secular decline
- FT: "splits are no cure if portfolio stuffed with brands people aren't keen to buy"
- Short on any rally above $24 driven by activist/split speculation
- Analyst consensus $26 → 18% above current — risk to manage

─────────────────────────────────────────
VI. SYSTEMATIC OVERLAY
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POST-SPIN BASKET vs MSCI WORLD INDUSTRIALS ETF
- Desai et al.: +30% CAR in 3Y post-spin
- Basket: HONA (Q3 listing) / Solventum / Vestis / Technip Energies
- Rebalance quarterly; academic alpha 8-12% annualised

─────────────────────────────────────────
PRICE TABLE (19 Mar 2026 close)
─────────────────────────────────────────

Name Ticker Price Note
HON HON US $234.51 HONA spin Q3 2026
Hershey HSY US ~$235 Raised FY26 EPS guide
Mondelez MDLZ US ~$57 Cocoa hedge 2026; norm 2027
Kraft Heinz KHC US ~$22 Split paused; -35% YTD
BASF BAS GY €46.13 EBITDA miss; -4.5% Mar 19
Siemens SIE GY €218.10 -21% from ATH; DI recovery
LANXESS LXS GY €11.82 -57% 1Y; Q1 results today
Kone KNEBV FH €63.22 Ex-div Mar 16; near 52W high

─────────────────────────────────────────
SUMMARY
─────────────────────────────────────────

Trade Direction Horizon Catalyst
HON SpinCo L HONA / S RemainCo 12-18M Listing + Jun 3 Inv Day
Siemens L / S SAP 6-12M DI orders
HSY/MDLZ L/S mkt neutral 6-9M H2 margin delivery
BASF L / S LANXESS 12-24M Activist / restructure
Kone Long M&A premium 6-18M PE exit process
KHC Short on rally 6-12M Volume miss / split fomo

─────────────────────────────────────────
Laurent Chekroun
Makor Capital Markets | Graham Advisors SARL
For institutional clients only

FT : The case for slicing up consumer conglomerates further

The case for slicing up consumer conglomerates further
Investors are better able to value pure plays, while lacklustre units can dilute overall growth and margins at sprawling companies

For a species that went out of fashion decades ago, conglomerates are surprisingly tenacious. Asia is full of them; America’s century-old industrial Honeywell is only this year hiving off its aerospace business. Even after a wave of disposals, the likes of chemicals group BASF have more to shed to become single-focus plays. Sometimes splitting up is just too damned hard. Kraft Heinz paused plans to do so. It also failed to make good on a plot to combine pantries with Unilever.

The longstanding case against conglomerates, which virtually all trade at a discount to the sum of their parts, is twofold. Investors are better able to value pure plays, and wince as lacklustre units dilute overall growth and margins. Operationally, management is spread thin, inefficiencies emerge and capital allocation becomes a bunfight.

To this, add the unwinding of one-time supposed benefits: synergies from plugging several businesses into centralised back-office processes like IT are smaller now that technology has scythed these costs. From an investment perspective, diversity can be bought more productively: there is an entire universe of ETFs offering exposure to every sector under the sun.

Former conglomerates have often benefited from slimming down. Siemens’ share price has been on the ascent since it began hiving off units in 2018. Operating margins have improved, more or less steadily, since then; next year’s forecast of 13.5 per cent, according to Visible Alpha, is almost double 2018 levels. A sweeter example: confectioners Hershey and Barry Callebaut are set to benefit more, in percentage terms, from falling cocoa prices than broader food peers Nestlé and Mondelez.

Another camp in favour of slicing up conglomerates includes management consultants, investment bankers and others that advise on splits and other financial gymnastics. These have yielded over $3bn in the past five years for investment banks. Look at Mead Johnson Nutrition, originally spun off from Bristol Myers Squibb and eventually acquired by Reckitt. When the consumer goods conglomerate sold the China part of its infant formula business, £200mn of the $2.2bn price tag went on transaction and other costs.


A lot depends on the quality of assets that a company has. That’s an issue Kraft Heinz grapples with: splits are no cure if your portfolio is stuffed with brands that people aren’t keen to buy. By contrast, Berkshire Hathaway is the ultimate example of a conglomerate investors actually like.

Private equity companies are the modern incarnation of the conglomerate — often picking up the businesses such behemoths hive off. KKR bought Unilever’s spreads business; Advent and Cinven acquired Thyssenkrupp’s elevators unit, and are now reportedly selling it. Their model contains extra spice though: scooping up management and performance fees on a portfolio of businesses is more lucrative than simply running them.

>>> SPACEX IPO | BLUE ORIGIN THREAT ASSESSMENT

SPACEX IPO | BLUE ORIGIN THREAT ASSESSMENT

SpaceX targeting mid-June 2026 IPO at $1.5T valuation / ~$50bn raise
Blue Origin filed FCC for "Project Sunrise" — up to 51,600 data-center sats
Comes weeks after SpaceX own FCC filing for orbital AI compute constellation

KEY POINT: Blue Origin threat ≠ near-term / IS relevant for IPO valuation math

WHY IT MATTERS FOR SPACEX BULLS —
- $1.5T / 94x 2025 revenue embeds near-monopoly assumption on orbital compute
- Blue Origin structural advantage: New Glenn (launch) + TeraWave (connectivity) + Project Sunrise (compute) + AWS (enterprise anchor tenant)
- SpaceX has no hyperscaler equivalent — AWS enterprise relationships are real moat

TERAWAVE REALITY CHECK —
- 5,408 LEO/MEO sats / 6 Tbps speeds / enterprise + govt focus
- First deployment: Q4 2027 — vs Starlink 9,600+ operational today
- Analyst math: deployment cadence "doesn't add up" given New Glenn capacity
- Not consumer broadband — dedicated enterprise / data center / defence

PROJECT SUNRISE (new) —
- 51,600 sats in sun-synchronous orbit / solar-powered orbital compute
- Thesis: continuous baseload AI compute without terrestrial grid draw
- Google Suncatcher / Starcloud already testing orbital GPU infra
- SpaceX xAI acquisition is direct response to this narrative

BOTTOM LINE —
Blue Origin not a 2026 IPO risk — IS a 3-5yr narrative risk
Watch: New Glenn cadence / AWS-TeraWave integration announcements / S-1 competitive section wording

LC

FT : Airlines draw up contingency plans over jet fuel shortage fears

Airlines draw up contingency plans over jet fuel shortage fears
War in the Middle East is disrupting supplies and driving up prices

Airlines are drawing up contingency plans to deal with potential jet fuel shortages, which they fear could take hold within weeks as war in the Middle East threatens supplies and drives up prices.

Aviation executives said they were struggling to get assurances about the availability of fuel beyond the next month.

“We’re putting in plans today to draw up scenarios on how we would deal with the shortage of fuel,” said Ben Smith, chief executive of Air France-KLM. This includes cutting services to parts of Asia in case refuelling for the return journey to Europe becomes more difficult. 

“South-east Asia is much more dependent on fuel coming over the Gulf than Europe is,” Smith told the FT. “We can get fuel out of Europe, but when we go to [a] south-east Asian city we’re not going to be able to fly the plane back . . . If there’s no fuel, you can’t fly.” 

EasyJet boss Kenton Jarvis said fuel suppliers will not give guidance on availability beyond the next month.

Suppliers had reassured the airline they have fuel for the next three weeks, he said. “But no one’s really telling us ‘we have no immediate issues in six weeks’, because they’re not prepared to say that,” he added. 

Some energy traders believe jet fuel shortages are inevitable in parts of the world. 

They said that while some countries, including in Europe, have healthy reserves, planes still need to refuel at their destinations and cannot carry enough for return trips.

Other fuels facing shortages include marine fuel and LPG.

The immediate risk is mitigated because airports typically have significant stocks.

Hari Marar, chief executive of India’s Bangalore International Airport, said it has fuel for about 25 days on site or nearby. Shortages are not “an immediate concern,” he said. “Price is a different matter and that will definitely impact our airline partners.”

However, Vietnam has already warned of the possibility that flights from the country will have to be limited. 

“This is a bigger supply issue than we’ve seen before,” said Willie Walsh, the former British Airways CEO who now runs industry group Iata.

Several airport executives told the FT this week that they face shortages of fuel that may force them to limit flights in the coming weeks. 

“In the short term, the big issue is not so much the fuel prices as whether there is going to be enough,” said Justin Erbacci, head of global airports industry group ACI World. “Everybody’s worried right now about potential availability.”

Jet fuel prices have doubled since the US and Israel launched strikes on Iran last month. North-west European prices hit an all-time high on Wednesday, closing at $1,730 a tonne, beating a record set on Monday to reach roughly double prewar levels, according to pricing agency Argus Media.

Price rises have left some airlines, including US carriers such as United, Delta and American Airlines, with billions in extra costs because they do not have long-term hedging. Scandinavian airline SAS, which is not hedged, this week said it would cancel around 1,000 flights because of rising fuel prices. 

Disruption in the Strait of Hormuz has halted supplies from Kuwait, the world’s second-largest jet fuel exporter, which accounted for 15 per cent of global seaborne jet fuel exports in 2025, according to energy data company Vortexa.

Analysts said Europe and Australia were likely to be hit harder than other markets because of limited domestic refining capacity. Europe has shut much of its refining capacity in recent years and now sources about 40 per cent of its jet fuel through the Strait, while Australia depends heavily on refineries in China and Singapore.

Suppliers in Asia are also tightening exports of jet fuel and other refined products. China ordered a halt to refined fuel exports last week, while South Korea, another key supplier, imposed a cap on refined product exports.

Not everyone in the industry is concerned about shortages. Ryanair boss Michael O’Leary said his airline, which only serves Europe, does not expect any shortages in the next two months under current conditions.