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Jab developed by University of Oxford team proves 77% effective in Burkina Faso mid-stage tests

A trial of a new malaria vaccine from the University of Oxford indicates it is 77 per cent effective — dramatically better than the existing shots for preventing one of the world’s most deadly diseases.

The jab, known as R21, is the first that could surpass the World Health Organization goal of an available vaccine with at least 75 per cent efficacy by 2030. Mosquirix, the first malaria vaccine which was initially deployed in 2015, took GSK more than 30 years to develop and was about 39 per cent effective over four years.

In the phase 2b — mid-stage — trial of R21, participants in a higher-dose group were 77 per cent less likely to develop malaria over 12 months of follow-up than those who received a rabies shot as a control. Those receiving a lower dose of the vaccine’s adjuvant were 71 per cent less likely to develop the illness. There were no serious side effects.

The study inoculated 450 children aged 5 months to 17 months in Burkina Faso.

The Oxford researchers, who are working with India’s Serum Institute and US vaccine maker Novavax, have already launched a phase 3 trial to test the vaccine in a larger population. The existing participants have also been given a booster shot. 

The recombinant fusion protein vaccine combines an antigen that signals to the immune system, with Novavax’s Matrix-M adjuvant to boost the efficacy. Novavax is also using the adjuvant in its Covid-19 vaccine, which a phase 3 trial found is 89 per cent effective. 

Adrian Hill, director of Oxford’s Jenner Institute, which helped develop the Oxford/AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccine, who co-authored the draft paper outlining the R21 trial data, said the new results supported its “high expectations” for the vaccine. 

“With the commitment by our commercial partner, the Serum Institute of India, to manufacture at least 200m doses annually in the coming years, the vaccine has the potential to have major public health impact if licensure is achieved,” he said. 

Malaria causes more than 400,000 deaths a year, mostly among children in Africa. Some 229m clinical cases of the disease were reported in 2019. 

But it has been a struggle to find a vaccine to tackle the disease, with more than 100 candidates examined in clinical trials.

Halidou Tinto, regional director of the Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé in the Burkina Faso department of Nanoro and the trial’s principal investigator, said he looked forward to demonstrating large-scale efficacy in the phase 3 trial. 

“These are very exciting results showing unprecedented efficacy levels from a vaccine that has been well tolerated in our trial programme,” he said.

Truck-stop operator working with electric-truck maker Nikola to start rollout in California; forms new unit to deliver alternative energy across its U.S. network

Truck-stop operator TravelCenters of America Inc. is stepping up its alternative-energy game as tougher regulations push the commercial transport sector to look beyond diesel fuel.

TravelCenters, the largest publicly traded U.S. truck-stop company, said Thursday it is forming a new business unit called eTA that aims to eventually supply drivers with alternative energy across much of its nationwide network of 270-plus locations.

The rollout is starting in Southern California, where TravelCenters will work with electric-truck maker Nikola Corp. to install hydrogen fueling sites for heavy-duty trucks at two locations. The company also plans to install FreeWire Technologies Inc. electric-vehicle charging stations for automobiles at some facilities in the state along Interstate Highway 5.

TravelCenters’ alternative-fuels push comes as California regulators are requiring truck manufacturers to sell at least some zero-emissions models by 2024, and as the Biden administration is proposing a $174 billion plan to boost the electric-vehicle industry.

“We were already working on some of this,” TravelCenters Chief Executive Officer Jon Pertchik said. “We’re just trying to pay attention to demand.”

Mapping a plan for commercial transport is trickier than for passenger vehicles because auto makers are already investing heavily in electric-vehicle technology while the alternative-energy side of the trucking business is less developed.

Mr. Pertchik said he expects hydrogen fuel cells to emerge as a leading alternative energy source for trucking fleets over battery-electric technology, although natural gas is also a contender. Battery-powered vehicles can drive only limited distances before stopping to recharge, a challenge for long-haul transport, and heavy lithium-ion batteries limit the amount of cargo that can be carried.

The issue is “storage limitations on battery and weight,” Mr. Pertchik said.

The two hydrogen fueling stations will be built at existing TravelCenters locations and are targeted to be commercially operational in 2023, Nikola said.

TravelCenters is also leading a test project funded in large part through a $4 million grant from the California Energy Commission to develop charging stations and on-site energy storage for electrified medium and heavy-duty trucks.

The truck-stop operator will closely track plans among its big fleet customers as the market for alternative-fuel commercial trucks develops.

“To me adaptability is important,” Mr. Pertchik said. “We need to make some bets, we can’t sit around on the periphery.”