ADR -4.5%
Budget 2025 : comment des Français riches parviennent à payer moins de 20% d'impôts
DÉCRYPTAGE - Certains foyers, présentant pourtant un revenu fiscal de référence élevé, ont un taux d’imposition relativement faible, selon Bercy. Une situation parfaitement légale, rappellent des experts.
C’est une piste du budget 2025 qui rapporte peu, mais qui reste politiquement majeure. Parmi les propositions mises sur la table par le gouvernement pour soulager les comptes publics figure l’instauration d’une «contribution différentielle sur les hauts revenus». Un moyen de récupérer quelque deux milliards d’euros en 2025, selon les calculs de Bercy, en touchant un public riche et restreint, constitué de quelques «dizaines de milliers de foyers aux revenus les plus élevés».
Précisément, les contribuables touchés par le texte initial sont les «foyers assujettis à la CEHR (contribution exceptionnelle sur les hauts revenus, NDLR), à savoir ceux dont le revenu de référence dépasse 250.000 euros pour un célibataire et 500.000 euros pour un couple», précise l’exposé des motifs de l’article 3 du projet de budget. Le gouvernement cible tout particulièrement ceux, qui, malgré ces revenus élevés, ont un «taux d’imposition inférieur à 20%». «Dès lors que le taux moyen d'imposition au titre de l'impôt sur le revenu, de la contribution exceptionnelle sur les hauts revenus (CEHR) sera inférieur à 20 % du revenu fiscal de référence (RFR), une contribution différentielle sera appliquée pour atteindre ce niveau d'imposition», explique le texte.
Comme l’indique le projet de loi de finances, certains ménages, qui figurent pourtant parmi les plus fortunés du pays, ont un taux d’imposition relativement bas. 24.300 foyers seraient dans ce cas, selon Bercy, malgré des rémunérations les situant dans les tranches les plus élevées de l’impôt sur le revenu. «Vous avez des cas limites où des gens très très riches paient un impôt sur le revenu égal à 2% de leurs revenus», a même souligné le député (LIOT) Charles de Courson, en commission des Finances de l'Assemblée nationale. Une situation parfaitement légale, rappellent plusieurs experts.
Un florilège de moyens pour réduire son imposition
Les ménages les plus fortunés, bien conseillés par de fins connaisseurs des arcanes fiscaux tricolores, peuvent ainsi se tourner vers plusieurs dispositifs pour réduire leur imposition. D’abord, les réductions d’impôts, bien connues des particuliers. «Il existe une floraison de crédits d’impôts, par exemple pour les investissements dans les PME», relève Jean-Yves Mercier, avocat et vice-président du Cercle des fiscalistes. Celles-ci sont toutefois souvent encadrées et limitées à quelques milliers d’euros : «Quand on parle de réduction d'impôts, celles-ci sont vite plafonnées», remarque Philippe Crevel, économiste et directeur du Cercle de l'épargne. Par exemple, la réduction d’impôt «Madelin» pour les investissements dans les PME a des plafonds annuels. De même, les dons aux associations peuvent donner lieu à une réduction importante de l’impôt sur le revenu, limitée à «20% du revenu imposable». «Toutes les niches ne sont pas plafonnées», a néanmoins rappelé Charles de Courson, en commission des finances.
D’autres outils permettent de limiter l’imposition, ajoute Philippe Crevel, qui cite le dispositif Malraux, dans l’immobilier. Ce dernier permet aux investisseurs rénovant des immeubles à caractère historique ou esthétique localisés dans certains secteurs de profiter d’une réduction d’impôt sur le revenu. «On peut aussi utiliser le plan d’épargne retraite», qui permet de déduire les sommes versées sur le PER des revenus imposables cette année-là, précise l’expert. Et de citer d’autres éléments, comme les «quotients familiaux, qui permettent d’atténuer la progressivité de l’impôt».
Le PFU, la part du lion des réductions
Les plus importantes réductions ne sont toutefois pas ici, selon nos experts, qui citent le rôle primordial de la «flat tax». Instauré début 2018, ce prélèvement forfaitaire unique s’applique aux revenus de l'épargne et du capital hors immobilier, dont les dividendes ou plus-values de cession de valeurs mobilières. Cette «flat tax» est à un taux unique, qui s'applique à l'ensemble des contribuables - à l'inverse d'un impôt progressif comme l'impôt sur le revenu (IR). Les contribuables ont le choix entre le barème de l’impôt sur le revenu, d’une part, et le PFU, au taux unique de 30%, soit de 12,8% au titre de l’impôt sur le revenu, et de 17,2% de prélèvements sociaux. Moins de 20%, donc, même en prenant en compte la Contribution exceptionnelle sur les hauts revenus, plafonnée à 4%.
«Ceux qui sont vraiment visés [dans le budget 2025], ce sont ceux qui ont des dividendes pour source de revenus», juge ainsi Jean-Yves Mercier. Ces personnes peuvent, grâce à la «flat tax», payer un impôt sur le revenu inférieur à 20%. On trouve ici «des contribuables dont la source de revenus est essentiellement constituée soit de dividendes, soit de revenus sur titres», précise l’expert, qui cite le cas «d’entreprises majoritairement détenues par une personne. Le dirigeant peut arbitrer entre se verser une rémunération ou des dividendes. La rémunération subit l’impôt progressif, le dividende relève de la “flat tax”. Le gouvernement stigmatise donc plutôt les comportements des gens qui font appel aux dividendes de façon excessive par rapport à la rémunération», détaille l’avocat.
Même son de cloche du côté de Philippe Crevel. «Le PFU est relativement simple pour les personnes qui ont des sociétés», et qui paient un impôt sur le revenu plus faible grâce à ce dispositif. À ses yeux, les premiers concernés par le taux d’imposition minimum de 20% seront «une minorité de Français, indépendants, professions libérales», des dirigeants de petites entreprises qui marchent bien, ou des «médecins spécialistes, avocats ou experts-comptables, qui peuvent se financer en dividendes». Pas le «fantasme des 0,1% les plus riches», donc, mais plutôt les «professionnels qui ont réussi, les gérants d’entreprise qui fonctionnent bien», ajoute-t-il.
Incertitude sur le rendement
Les deux experts se disent par ailleurs dubitatifs sur le rendement attendu de cette mesure, qui dépend aussi des comportements et des modes de rémunération des Français concernés. «Les maîtres du robinet du dividende vont peut-être se dire qu’il vaut mieux les limiter, et ne pas cotiser, avance Jean-Yves Mercier. Pour 2024, les carottes sont cuites, mais pour 2025, 2026, ils pourront s’attribuer moins de dividendes». De quoi limiter les sommes payées, et les rentrées fiscales pour l’État, donc. Les contribuables seront d’autant plus prudents que les sommes attendues sont importantes : «S'il n'y a plus que 24.000 personnes concernées, il n'y a pas besoin d'avoir fait Polytechnique. Si vous divisez deux milliards par 24.000, vous obtenez quelque chose qui tourne autour de 80.000 euros en moyenne», calcule l’expert.
Or, si les rentrées sont inférieures aux prévisions, l’État risque d’être tenté de pérenniser ces mesures afin de compenser le manque à gagner constaté. Et ce, dans un contexte budgétaire pour le moins contraint. «Je crains que les besoins en recettes ne fassent qu’on maintiendra cette taxe pendant plusieurs années, voire indéfiniment», hasarde Philippe Crevel. De quoi ébrécher l’attractivité et la compétitivité de l’Hexagone, ainsi que l’image «pro business» bâtie ces sept dernières années. «Je ne vois pas le gouvernement se priver de ces recettes bien commodes», une fois mises en place, conclut Jean-Yves Mercier.
>>> Up
* Aegon Raised to Buy at UBS (++)
* Autoneum Raised to Buy at UBS; PT 170 Swiss francs (++)
* Azelis Raised to Buy at HSBC; PT 23 euros
* Booking PT Raised to $5,045 from $4,000 at Argus
* Canatu Raised to Accumulate at Inderes; PT 13 euros
* Gulf Keystone Raised to Buy at Peel Hunt; PT 187 pence
* Prodways Raised to Hold at Portzamparc; PT 58 euro cents (+)
* Raisio Cut to Accumulate at OP Corporate Bank; PT 2.50 euros (+)
* Saipem Raised to Buy at Stifel; PT 2.50 euros
* Saipem Raised to Buy at Stifel; PT 2.50 euros
* SpareBank 1 SMN Raised to Buy at Pareto Securities
* T-Mobile PT Raised to $254 from $210 at Citi
>>> Down
>>> Down
* AJ Bell Cut to Hold at Investec; PT 475 pence (++)
* Alimak Cut to Neutral at BNPP Exane; PT 125 kronor (+)
* Basler Cut to Hold at Jefferies; PT 7 euros
* Boohoo Cut to Hold at HSBC; PT 30.40 pence
* Cint Cut to Hold at ABG; PT 12 kronor
* Cint Cut to Hold at ABG; PT 12 kronor
* Greatland Gold Cut to Hold at Berenberg
* ING Cut to Equal-Weight at Barclays; PT 19.20 euros
* REC Silicon Cut to Hold at Arctic Securities; PT 9 kroner (+)
* SpareBank 1 Ringerike Hadeland Cut to Hold at Pareto Securities
* VAT Cut to Hold at Octavian; PT 400 Swiss francs (+)
* Wulff-Group Cut to Reduce at Inderes; PT 3.10 euros
>>> Initiation
* Aton Green Storage Rated New Buy at Integrae SIM; PT 4.40 euros (++)
* Cofle Rated New Buy at Intermonte; PT 8.05 euros (yest)
* Cofle Rated New Buy at Intermonte; PT 8.05 euros (yest)
* Demant Reinstated Buy at Goldman; PT 340 kroner
* Eli Lilly Rated New Buy at Mirae Asset Securities; PT $1,170
* GN Store Nord Reinstated Sell at Goldman; PT 135 kroner
* J. Martins Rated New Buy at Trigon Dom Maklerski; PT 19.50 euros (++)
* Odfjell Technology Rated New Buy at Pareto Securities
* Sonova Reinstated Neutral at Goldman; PT 340 Swiss francs
* SwedenCare Rated New Buy at Nordea; PT 57 kronor (++)
* Vontobel Rated New Outperform at Oddo BHF; PT 65 Swiss francs
>>> Call
* Booking Target Raised to Street-High at Argus on Travel Demand
>>> Call
* Booking Target Raised to Street-High at Argus on Travel Demand
* Citi Says US Equity Exposure Hits Levels That Preceded 10% Slide (++)
* Demant Climbs After Goldman’s Buy Rating on Improving Outlook (++)
* Gulf Keystone Rises as Peel Hunt Upgrades on Valuation Grounds (++)
* ING Underperforms as Barclays Downgrades on Rates Risks (++)
India-China Ties May See Thaw Four Years After Border Skirmish Froze Relations
The two nations have reached an agreement on patrolling in disputed border areas, a key stumbling block in talks
NEW DELHI—India and China have reached a breakthrough in discussions over their disputed Himalayan border, signaling room for improved ties after a high-altitude skirmish froze relations between the Asian giants.
The two countries have arrived at an arrangement to resume patrolling along their de facto border, said India’s Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri on Monday. A spokesman for China’s Foreign Ministry Tuesday confirmed an agreement related to border issues, without elaborating.
Patrols by Indian and Chinese security forces along the border halted following a June 2020 clash between the nuclear-armed neighbors that saw security forces engage in hand-to-hand combat, resulting in the death of 20 Indian soldiers and four Chinese personnel.
“Over the last several weeks Indian and Chinese diplomatic and military negotiators have been in close contact with each other in a variety of forums,” said Misri. “We have reached an agreement on the issues that were being discussed.”
Misri said the agreement on patrolling, once implemented, could pave the way for disengagement. China’s Foreign Ministry spokesman said China would work with India to implement the agreements.
Misri was speaking at a briefing on the eve of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s arrival in Russia for the Brics summit—a bloc of emerging nations comprising Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa—which Chinese President Xi Jinping is also attending.
The announcements have raised expectations that Xi and Modi could meet on the sidelines of the summit. Asked about a possible bilateral meeting, Misri said Monday that Modi’s schedule was still being set up.
The standoff severely damaged political and business relations between the two countries.
Following the clash, India retaliated by banning dozens of mobile apps, including widely used video-streaming platform TikTok and the messaging app WeChat. It also made it nearly impossible for Chinese companies to bring foreign direct investments into the country by hardening government rules.
While China was India’s largest trading partner in the year ended in March, Chinese firms operating in India have faced probes over alleged tax evasion, which the companies deny, and India has levied tariffs on many Chinese products as it seeks to build up its own domestic manufacturing and reduce dependence on its neighbor.
Direct passenger flights between the two countries also haven’t resumed.
An Indian security official said the scope of future disengagement is unclear, but noted that if military forces are able to resume patrolling after more than four years, it would signal a “big positive move.”
Still, strategic experts note that China has moved to fortify its border with India, including setting up new villages along parts of the disputed boundary, efforts that are unlikely to be dismantled and that will weigh on Indian security concerns.
Shared concerns about a more assertive China have cemented closer economic and strategic ties between India and the U.S. in recent years. That includes a more than $3-billion deal for India to purchase 31 armed Guardian drones that it will use in part to track Chinese troop movements on its Himalayan border. Diplomatic experts say that a slight normalization of India’s ties with China isn’t likely to fundamentally change the U.S.-India equation, noting the U.S. has also moved to restart some lines of communication with China to manage the risks of a confrontation.
India and China have had a tense relationship since they fought a war in 1962. India also hosts the Dalai Lama, whom Beijing views as a separatist. The Tibetan spiritual leader fled to India in 1959 after China moved to assert its control over the region.
The two countries are separated along their 2,000-mile border by a vague demarcation line known as the Line of Actual Control.
Indian and Chinese security forces often used to bump into each other during patrolling of their perceived areas of control on the borders, leading to heightened tensions. Since the 2020 clash, both countries have deployed tens of thousands of security forces along the Himalayan border along with advanced artillery, weapons and surveillance devices.
“Given how difficult it has been so far, India will continue to be mobilized and not take things at face value with China,” said Harsh Pant, vice president for foreign policy at the Observer Research Foundation, a New Delhi-based international relations think tank.
In recent months, however, there have been signals that the two countries were looking to break the deadlock. Indian industrial groups have also lobbied for easing the ability to do business with China, including seeking faster visa clearances for specialized Chinese industrial workers.
A meeting between Xi and Modi this week on the sidelines of Brics could make clearer whether there is indeed momentum for improving ties.
“We need to wait and watch if there is actually a political agreement between Modi and Xi,” said Pant.
Mulberry Board Joins Challice in Rejecting New Offer from Frasers Group
Mulberry's board has described Frasers' offer for the brand as "untenable," and agrees with majority owners Challice Ltd. that it should cease its pursuit of the company.
LONDON – Mulberry’s board of directors has joined majority owners Challice Ltd. in rejecting Frasers Group’s beefed-up bid for the company.
On Tuesday, the board said it is “unanimously of the view” that Frasers’ preliminary offer is “untenable,” and that Mulberry should continue to focus its attention on driving the commercial performance of the business.
Earlier this month Challice, which is controlled by Ong Beng Seng and Christina Ong, rejected Frasers’ proposal and asked the group, which is controlled by the retail tycoon Mike Ashley, to walk away.
As reported earlier this month, Frasers’ increased its proposed cash offer to around 111 million pounds from 83 million pounds, equivalent to 1.50 pounds for each Mulberry share.
Challice, which holds a 56.4 percent stake in Mulberry, said it would not sell its shares, and made clear that Frasers’ bid would be unsuccessful. Frasers is Mulberry’s largest minority shareholder, with around 37 percent of shares.
On Tuesday, the Mulberry board reiterated its support for the new chief executive Andrea Baldo and said that a new debt facility and capital raise underwritten by Challice “will put the group on a firm footing to ensure we are well set up for future growth.”
The board also acknowledged Frasers’ support for Mulberry and the recent capital raise, and said it looks forward to further interactions with Frasers in the future.
Per London Stock Exchange rules, Frasers has until Oct. 28 to announce a firm intention to make an offer for Mulberry, or confirm that it does not intend to do so.
Ashley specializes in buying stakes in distressed companies, or in companies such as Mulberry, which sell through his retail chains.
Frasers has described Mulberry’s latest financial results as “catastrophic,” and said it strongly believes it can provide the “appropriate insulation and investment to support a much-loved British brand. As part of the Frasers portfolio, the Mulberry brand would be provided with the platform to ensure its long-term survival and success.”
As reported, Mulberry swung to a pretax loss of 34.1 million pounds amid declining revenue and increased operational costs in the 12 months to March 30. Mulberry is one of many luxury accessories brands to be hit by a slowdown in demand, especially from Chinese consumers.
Last month, as part of a plan to help the business, Challice underwrote a capital raise worth 10 million pounds.
While Frasers may cast itself as Mulberry’s savior, the company hasn’t exactly proven itself as a great caretaker of luxury brands.
Late last year, it purchased Matches at a knockdown price of 52 million pounds, and then placed it into administration shortly afterward. Frasers quickly repurchased the IP, while administrators sold off millions of pounds of fashion stock, leaving many of Matches’ designers and brands trying to recoup their losses.
Freeport-McMoRan beats by $0.01, beats on revs
- Reports Q3 (Sep) earnings of $0.38 per share, excluding non-recurring items, $0.01 better than the FactSet Consensus of $0.37; revenues rose 16.6% year/year to $6.79 bln vs the $6.45 bln FactSet Consensus.
- Consolidated production totaled 1.1 bln pounds of copper, 456 thousand ounces of gold and 20 mln pounds of molybdenum in Q3.
- Consolidated sales totaled 1.0 bln pounds of copper, 558 thousand ounces of gold and 19 mln pounds of molybdenum in Q3.
- 2024 Outlook: Consolidated sales are expected to approximate 4.1 bln pounds of copper, 1.8 mln ounces of gold and 80 mln pounds of molybdenum for the year 2024, including 980 million pounds of copper, 340 thousand ounces of gold and 20 million pounds of molybdenum in Q4.
Gapping down
In reaction to earnings/guidance:
In reaction to earnings/guidance:
- BOOM -17.2% (guidance, strategic review, and chairman shakeup), MEDP -10.9%, GPC -10.2%, SHW -8.3%, LOGI -7.8%, PII -7.7%, SSD -4.3%, GE -4%, KMB -4%, IPG -3.5%, NUE -2.7%, IVZ -2.3%, HXL -2%, HRI -1.6%, VZ -1.5%, CADE -1.4%, SIGI -1.2%, KREF -1.1%, AOS -1%, SCCO -0.8%
Other news:
- NNE -8.6% (stock offering)
- IIIN -4.5% (acquires Engineered Wire Products for $70 mln)
- ASPN -3.9% (prices offering of 4.25 mln shares of common stock at $20.00 per share) SSL -3.7% (Q3 production)
- MRX -2.2% (stock offering)
- BOW -1.8% (launches public offering of 4.0 mln shares of its common stock by certain of its stockholders; issues guidance)
Analyst comments:
- CSIQ -4.7% (downgraded to Sell from Neutral at Citigroup)
- COHR -2.9% (downgraded to Neutral from Buy at Rosenblatt)
- TGLS -1.5% (downgraded to Mkt Perform from Strong Buy at Raymond James)
Gapping up
In reaction to earnings/guidance:
In reaction to earnings/guidance:
- MLI +9.6%, FLXS +6.2%, MMM +4.9%, SAP +3.5%, RLI +2.8%, ZION +2.8%, DGX +2.1%, RTX +2%, HSTM +1.9%, PM +1.7%, BKU +1.6%, PNR +1.5%, PHM +1.4%, ARE +1.2%, WTFC +1.1%, DHR +1.1%, BOKF +1%, CATY +0.9%, ONB +0.9%, PEBO +0.8%, GM +0.8%, LMT +0.5%
Other news:
- IRTC +16.5% (FDA grants clearance for 510(k) submission related to design changes made to the Zio AT device)
- IMUX +11.9% (announces a positive outcome of the non-binding, interim futility analysis of its phase 3 ENSURE program, investigating lead asset, nuclear receptor related 1 activator, vidofludimus calcium, for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis)
- MOLN +5.2% (Partners and Orano Med Strengthen Agreement to Co-Develop 212Pb-Based Radio-DARPin Therapeutics)
- CAKE +3.7% (activist urging to consider breakup, according to WSJ)
- WT +3.7% (WTAM agreed to resolve the matter by consenting to the entry of an Order by the SEC)
- RDHL +3.1% (collaboration with a leading U.S. academic medical center to develop Opaganib as a countermeasure against phosgene inhalation injury)
- MGNX +2.6% (MacroGenics and TerSera Therapeutics LLC have entered into an agreement in which TerSera will acquire global rights to MARGENZA)
- CLLS +2.5% (to Present Data on TALE-Base Editors and Non-Viral Gene Therapy at the ESGCT 31st Annual Congress)
- ANNX +2.5% (Presents Phase 2 Vision Preservation Data with ANX007)
- FUFU +2.5% (has entered into a definitive agreement to acquire a majority stake in an 80-megawatt Bitcoin mining facility in Ethiopia)
- NRIX +2% (presentations announced to summarize new data)
- OMC +1.8% (files mixed shelf)
- DAR +1.6% (publishes collagen peptides study)
- CRC +1.5% (Kern County approves of conditional use permit for CTV I carbon capture)
- ESEA +1.1% (new 3-year time charter contracts)
- CRDL +1% (plans to expand the MAVERIC clinical development program and advance CardiolRx into a late-stage clinical trial to evaluate the impact of CardiolRx)
Analyst comments:
- FSLR +1.9% (upgraded to Buy from Neutral at Citigroup)
- FLR +1.5% (upgraded to Buy from Neutral at Citigroup)
- AEG +0.9% (upgraded to Buy from Neutral at UBS)
- PCTY +0.9% (upgraded to Buy from Hold at Jefferies)