>>> What to look at today : 01/04/2014

US Market closed Higher, small cap leaded the move (Russel +1,8%), Nasdaq lost 2,5%on the month as Russel only lost 1%, Yellen comments helped the sentiment (Considerable support for some time)...Volume was above average @ 620m shares...VIX @ 13,88 -3,68%...China twin manufacturing PMIs once again revealed a divergence - the official
figure suggesting a modest rebound in the performance of the larger state-owned enterprises, while the HSBC final print sank to a new 8-month low, presumably reflecting softer performance by the smaller firms. Analysts appear to be
siding with the more cautious view, which is actually boosting local equity markets on rising expectation of a more proactive fiscal response by the State Council. HSBC chief economist reiterated that view, noting the latest figure
"implies that 1Q GDP growth is likely to have fallen below the annual growth target of 7.5%. We expect Beijing to fine-tune policy sooner rather than later to stabilise growth."...Separately in China, 21st Century Business Herald reported construction firm Xuzhou Zhongsen Tonghao has defaulted on about CNY180M in interest payments, which is the first private equity debt default in China...Bank of Japan released its quarterly Tankan survey results for Q1. While the
current quarter conditions improved from Q4, the outlook for the next quarter suggests a notable slowdown. Japan Fin Min Aso remarked after the data that the Tankan shows economy benefiting from Abenomics, but still requiring a steady
implementation of short-term support measures...Nikkei-0.12%...HS+0.82%...Shanghai+0.43%

Eur$1.3775 S&P Fut. +0.12% European Fut. +0.23%

Keep an eye on :
- ABI BB : Anheuser-Busch Inbev Completes Purchase of Oriental Brewery
- ACS SM : Alba Sells 4.11m ACS Shrs for EU28.515/Shr
- ALO FP : Alstom Agrees to Sell Unit to Triton for EV ~EU730m
- ALV GY : *ING REMOVES PIMCO AS SUBADVISOR ON 2 FUNDS, REUTERS SAYS
- BBVA SM : Six Spain Banks Plan to Start Company Debt Fund, Expansion Says
- BLT LN : BHP Continues to Actively Study Next Phase of Simplification
- BP/ LN : BP Sees ‘Significant’ Reduction in Brazil Activity and Headcount
- BWO NO : BW Offshore Signs $2.3b LOA With Premier Oil for Catcher FPSO
- DAI GY : Daimler Seeks Partner in Russia to Produce Cars, Vedomosti Says
- DEXB BB : Dexia Sees EU220M Impact Fom ECB Asset-Quality Review
- ENST LN : Essentra May Carry Out Bolt-On M&A, Goldman Says
- KPN NA: KPN's German Deal Will be Approved, Bernstein Says
- MMB FP : Groupe Lagardere has acquired Casino de Paris for undisclosed amount
- RWE GY : Germany's plans to exempt existing power plants from the renewable support surcharge
- SAP BB : Sapec 2013 Net Loss EU23.3 Mln Vs Net Profit EU8.4 Mln
- SCL1V FH : Scanfil Buys Schaltex Systems for EU6.6m; Raises 2014 Outlook
- SOW GY : Software AG Sells SAP-Service Ops in DACH Region to Scheer
- SUEL IN : Suzlon Energy declines to comment on subsidiary LSE listing rumor; takes over US debtor Big Sky
- TIT IM : Telecom Italia Holders Urged to Back Recchi as Chairman: Reuters
- VOLVB SS : Volvo Shareholders Plan Counter Proposal for Board Pay, DN Says
- WEIR LN : Weir Group in Talks on GBP8.5b Merger With Metso: Times

>>> Brokers Upgrade & Downgrades - 01/04/2014

>>> Up
*HILTON FOOD RAISED TO BUY VS ADD AT NUMIS
*LVMH RAISED TO BUY VS HOLD AT DEUTSCHE BANK
*MAGNITOGORSK STEEL RAISED TO BUY VS NEUTRAL AT GOLDMAN
*MAUREL ET PROM RAISED TO HOLD VS SELL AT SOCGEN
*OTP BANK RAISED TO BUY VS NEUTRAL AT GOLDMAN
*TOFAS RAISED TO BUY VS NEUTRAL AT UBS

>>> Down
*AMLIN CUT TO UNDERWEIGHT VS EQUALWEIGHT AT BARCLAYS
*CAP GEMINI CUT TO UNDERPERFORM VS NEUTRAL AT BOFAML
*CATLIN CUT TO EQUALWEIGHT VS OVERWEIGHT AT BARCLAYS
*CESP CUT TO NEUTRAL VS BUY AT GOLDMAN
*DELHAIZE RAISED TO OVERWEIGHT VS NEUTRAL AT JPMORGAN
*DIPLOMA CUT TO NEUTRAL VS BUY AT BOFAML
*ENQUEST CUT TO SECTOR PERFORM FROM OUTPERFORM AT RBC CAPITAL
*STRAUMANN CUT TO SELL VS NEUTRAL AT UBS
*VONTOBEL CUT TO NEUTRAL VS OUTPERFORM AT MEDIOBANCA
*XING CUT TO HOLD VS BUY AT BERENBERG
*YAPI KREDI CUT TO SELL VS NEUTRAL AT UBS

>>> PT Change
*INTESA PT RAISED TO EU2.5 VS EU2.1 AT CITI; KEPT AT NEUTRAL
*INTESA PT RAISED TO EU2.3 VS EU2.1 AT NOMURA; KEPT AT NEUTRAL
*SPACEANDPEOPLE PT RAISED TO 170P VS 147P AT CANTOR; KEPT AT BUY

>>> Initiation
*ACTIVE BIOTECH RATED NEW BUY AT GOLDMAN, PT SKR41
*CINEWORLD GROUP REINSTATED AT EQUALWEIGHT AT BARCLAYS; PT 325P
*ZEALAND PHARMA RATED NEW NEUTRAL AT GOLDMAN, PT DKR81

>>> Call
>> Sector
*EMERGING MARKETS BANKS RAISED TO NEUTRAL VS UNDERWEIGHT AT UBS

(BFW) Weir Group in Talks on GBP8.5b Merger With Metso: Times


Weir Group in Talks on GBP8.5b Merger With Metso: Times
2014-04-01 01:39:26.295 GMT


By John Simpson
     April 1 (Bloomberg) -- Scottish engineering co., valued at
GBP5.4b, may be prepared to pay as much as EU30/shr for Finnish
group Metso, which would value it at more than GBP3b, London-
based Times reports, citing people familiar.
  * Cos. have been “talking informally for a couple of
    months,” Times reports, citing person familiar
  * Merrill Lynch providing advice on deal: Times
Link to story: http://thetim.es/1lyV0PB
Link to Company News:MEO1V FH <Equity> CN <GO>
Link to Company News:WEIR LN <Equity> CN <GO>



For Related News and Information:
First Word scrolling panel: FIRST<GO>
First Word newswire: NH BFW<GO>

To contact the editor responsible for this story:
John Simpson at +1-416-203-5726 or
jsimpson12@bloomberg.net

>>> Asian Update

Asian Market Update: China PMIs diverge again with official rebounding and HSBC declining; RBA acknowledges housing pickup and cautious investment sentiment

***Economic Data*** - (CN) CHINA MAR MANUFACTURING PMI: 50.3 V 50.1E (1st rise in four months) - (CN) CHINA MAR FINAL HSBC MANUFACTURING PMI: 48.0 V 48.1E (3rd contraction and 8-month low) - (AU) RESERVE BANK OF AUSTRALIA (RBA) LEAVES CASH RATE TARGET UNCHANGED AT 2.50% (AS EXPECTED) - (AU) AUSTRALIA MAR AIG PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURING INDEX: 47.9 V 48.6 PRIOR (5th consecutive month of contraction) - (JP) JAPAN Q1 TANKAN LARGE MANUFACTURING INDEX: 17 V 19E; LARGE ALL INDUSTRIAL CAPEX: 0.1% V 0.0%E; LARGE MANUFACTURING OUTLOOK: 8 V 13E - (JP) JAPAN FEB LABOR CASH EARNINGS Y/Y: 0.0% V -0.1%E - (JP) JAPAN FEB LOANS & DISCOUNTS CORP: 2.2% V 2.3% PRIOR - (KR) SOUTH KOREA MAR TRADE BALANCE: $4.2B V $3.9BE - (KR) SOUTH KOREA MAR HSBC MANUFACTURING PMI: 50.4 V 49.8 PRIOR - (KR) SOUTH KOREA MAR CPI M/M: 0.2% V 0.3%E; Y/Y: 1.3% V 1.4%E (17th month below 2.5-3.5% target band); CORE CPI Y/Y: 2.1% V 1.7% PRIOR

Market Snapshot (as of 03:30 GMT): - Nikkei225 -0.3%, S&P/ASX -0.2%, Kospi flat, Shanghai Composite +0.3%, Hang Seng +0.9%, Jun S&P500 +0.1% at 1,865, Jun gold flat at $1,284, May crude oil -0.3% at $101.32/brl

***Highlights/Observations/Insights*** - China twin manufacturing PMIs once again revealed a divergence - the official figure suggesting a modest rebound in the performance of the larger state-owned enterprises, while the HSBC final print sank to a new 8-month low, presumably reflecting softer performance by the smaller firms. Analysts appear to be siding with the more cautious view, which is actually boosting local equity markets on rising expectation of a more proactive fiscal response by the State Council. HSBC chief economist reiterated that view, noting the latest figure "implies that 1Q GDP growth is likely to have fallen below the annual growth target of 7.5%. We expect Beijing to fine-tune policy sooner rather than later to stabilise growth." - Separately in China, 21st Century Business Herald reported construction firm Xuzhou Zhongsen Tonghao has defaulted on about CNY180M in interest payments, which is the first private equity debt default in China.

- Bank of Japan released its quarterly Tankan survey results for Q1. While the current quarter conditions improved from Q4, the outlook for the next quarter suggests a notable slowdown. Japan Fin Min Aso remarked after the data that the Tankan shows economy benefiting from Abenomics, but still requiring a steady implementation of short-term support measures.

- Reserve Bank of Australia held policy rates at 2.50% as expected, and also offered a mixed/neutral accompanying statement. RBA acknowledged the pickup in housing, adding "recent information foreshadows a solid expansion in housing construction", but also noted firms wait for more evidence of improved conditions before committing to expansion plans. RBA also reiterated that FX rate remains high by historical standards and added early signs point to a China slowdown thus far in 2014. AUD/USD spiked to fresh 4-month highs after the decision above $0.93 but quickly reversed those gains to fall below $0.9260.

***Fixed Income/Commodities/Currencies*** - JGB: (JP) Japan MoF sells ¥2.18T in 0.6% (0.6% prior) 10-yr notes; Avg yield: 0.634% v 0.597% prior; Bid to cover: 4.76x (highest since Feb 2005) v 3.52x prior - (CN) PBoC to drain CNY50B in 14-day repos, CNY22B in 28-day repos (12th consective drain) - SLV: iShares Silver Trust ETF daily holdings rise to 10,212 tonnes from 10,164 tonnes prior (highest since Dec 2013) - GLD: SPDR Gold Trust ETF daily holdings fall 3.9 tonnes to 813.1 tonnes (lowest since Mar 20th) - USD/CNY: (CN) PBoC sets yuan mid point at 6.1503 v 6.1521 prior setting (first stronger CNY setting in 5 sessions)

***Equities*** US markets: - BAC: US Judge said to have recommended SEC lawsuit over $855M mortgage securities to go forward - financial press; +0.1% afterhours - YHOO: Reportedly could pay up to $300M for acquisition of online video service News Distribution Network Inc as Yahoo works to build YouTube competitor - financial press; flat afterhours - GM: Recalls over 1.3M cars in US due to power steering issues; recalls to cost up to $750M in Q1 - financial press; -0.3% afterhours - ARTX: Reports Q4 -$0.03 v $0.02e, R$20.9M v $21.7Me (only 1 est.); -15.6% afterhours

Notable movers by sector: - Consumer Discretionary: Bright Dairy & Food 600597.CN -2.2% (FY13 results); Capcom Co 9697.JP -7.8% (revises FY13/14 outlook); Seven West Media SVW.AU -5.0% (analyst action) - Financials: Evergrande Real Estate Group 3333.HK +5.7% (FY13 results); Haitong Securities 6837.HK +1.6% (in talks with Alibaba and Jingdong.com on cooperation); Industrial Bank 601166.CN -2.0% (FY13 results) - Energy: Shanxi Xishan Coal & Electricity Power 000983.CN +0.8% (FY13 results) - Industrials: Xiamen Savings Environmental 300056.CN +2.3% (FY13 results); Virgin Australia VAH.AU +2.7% (Feb operating results); Guangxi Liugong Machinery 000528.CN +2.9% (FY13 results) - Utilities: Hokkaido Electric Power 9509.JP -8.6% (govt to make cash infusion)

>>> US After Hours

After Hours Summary: DHRM +4.3%, VRNT +4.2%, THTI +2.7%, YOD -14.7%, ARTX -12.2%, CUI -9.1% following earnings/guidance

After Hours Gainers: Companies trading higher in after hours in reaction to earnings: - DHRM +4.3%, VRNT +4.2%, THTI +2.7%, LJPC +2.6%, NGLS +1.3%, EGAS +1.3%, BVX +1.3%

Companies trading higher in after hours in reaction to news: - DRTX +7.3% (confirmed FDA Advisory Committee unanimously recommended approval of Dalvance for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections), - AMRN +2.2% (co and Kowa Pharmaceuticals America announced a U.S. Co-Promotion agreement for Vascepa (icosapent ethyl) Capsules), - KGC +2.2% (released Tasiast expansion feasibility study: 3.1 million ounce increase in estimated mineral reserves to 9.6 million ounces), - FST +1.6% (announced pudate to credit facility), - DBLE +1.4% (announced changed to Escalera Resources; begins trading under ticker symbol 'ESCR' effective April 1; announces strategic update conference call), - GALT +1.2% (announced that first cohort results in co's Phase 1 trial reveal biomarker evidence of therapeutic effect on fibrosis and inflammation in NASH with advanced fibrosis)

After Hours Losers:

Companies trading lower in after hours in reaction to earnings: - YOD -14.7%, ARTX -12.2%, CUI -9.1%, KGJI -3.0%, CLDN -1.5%, XON -1.1%, KINS -0.9%

Companies trading lower in after hours in reaction to news: - MDCO -12.2% (trading lower following FDA Advisory Committee support for bacterial skin infection products from Durata (DRTX) and Cubist (CBST)), - MDVN -5.3% (named Rick Bierly Chief Financial Officer following retirement of Patrick Machado), - MDR -2.8% (announced public offering of 10 mln tangible equity units, each with a stated value of $25), - QCRH -0.9% (announced redemption of $15 mln of small business lending fund preferred stock)

Danone Swallowing Mead Johnson Would Challenge Nestle: Real M&A

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Danone Swallowing Mead Johnson Would Challenge Nestle: Real M&A 2014-04-01 00:23:52.909 GMT

(For a Real M&A column news alert: SALT REALMNA <GO>.)

By Brooke Sutherland April 1 (Bloomberg) -- Buying Mead Johnson Nutrition Co. is one way for Danone to break Nestle SA’s lock on the baby-food industry. Danone could help finance a purchase with proceeds from shedding its medical nutrition unit, said Credit Suisse Group AG. The $45 billion company is weighing a sale of the business in a deal that may bring in more than 3 billion euros ($4.1 billion), according to a person familiar with the matter. Nestle bought Pfizer Inc.’s baby nutrition division in 2012. Earnings at Danone, a distant second to Nestle in baby food, dropped 15 percent last year as a botulism scare hurt formula sales in Asia. The company’s struggles may increase its interest in Mead Johnson, which has boosted revenue almost 50 percent since its 2009 spinoff from Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., said Berenberg Bank. Mead Johnson, which has been speculated as a target since the spinoff, may cost about 15 billion euros, said Jefferies Group LLC. While a deal would be expensive, “Mead Johnson would be a very good buy,” Ingrid Yin, a New York-based analyst at Oppenheimer Holdings Inc., said in a phone interview. “It’s a pure play. All their focus is on infant and children nutrition. It can be attractive in many companies’ eyes.” Representatives for Mead Johnson, the $17 billion company based in Glenview, Illinois, and Paris-based Danone declined to comment.

Cash Proceeds

Danone is working with JPMorgan Chase & Co. on a potential sale of its medical nutrition unit, a person familiar with the matter said in February, asking not to be identified because the talks are private. The division, which sells Fortimel supplements to treat malnutrition, was acquired as part of a takeover of Royal Numico NV that also gave Danone brands including Nutricia and Cow & Gate. A price tag of more than $5 billion is possible for the medical nutrition unit, according to Alex Molloy, a London-based analyst at Credit Suisse. Should Danone sell it, one use for the cash is investing in its baby division with a bid for Mead Johnson, Molloy wrote in a March 26 report. “It makes sense to us that the division would be Danone’s investment priority,” the analyst wrote. “Having missed out on Wyeth, Mead Johnson represents one of the few remaining opportunities for Danone to challenge Nestle for global leadership of the infant nutrition category.”

Top Seller

Nestle edged out Danone to acquire Pfizer’s Wyeth baby-food business in 2012 and increase its lead as the top seller of infant nutrition products. Its offer of $11.9 billion topped a bid of more than $11.6 billion from the world’s largest yogurt maker, a person familiar with the matter said at the time. Before that deal, Mead Johnson was speculated as a potential target for Nestle, Danone and H.J. Heinz Co. In September 2009, Danone denied a report that it was weighing a bid for the maker of Enfamil baby formula. Danone may be more keen on a deal for Mead Johnson now, said James Targett of Berenberg. The yogurt maker’s sales are poised to grow by about 1 percent this year, the worst since 2009, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. Mead Johnson’s revenue will increase 24 percent over the next three years, according to analysts’ estimates compiled by Bloomberg. “It’s an even more compelling strategic rationale than it was,” Targett, a London-based analyst at Berenberg, said in a phone interview. “I think ultimately it comes down to if they can afford it.”

‘Good Growth’

Buying Mead Johnson would give Danone more of a presence in the U.S. baby-food market and bolster its position in China, where sales have been pressured after a supplier warned of botulism-causing bacteria in milk powders, spurring a recall, said Amit Sharma, a New York-based analyst at Bank of Montreal. The scare turned out to be a false alarm. “You can see why it would be appealing for Danone to acquire a very large baby-food business,” Sharma said in a phone interview. “It gives them good growth.” The challenge will be convincing Chinese regulators to approve a deal, the analyst said. Regulators probably wouldn’t support “too much consolidation in the hands of some producers, especially in China where everybody is trying to become bigger,” Sharma said.

Not Cheap

A deal for Mead Johnson, whose shares have almost tripled in the past five years, would also be expensive and could require equity financing, said Molloy of Credit Suisse and Targett of Berenberg. Jefferies analyst Alex Howson’s estimated price tag of about 15 billion euros values Mead Johnson at one of the highest profit multiples paid in a food deal of more than $10 billion, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. Danone may prefer to do smaller acquisitions in Asia, said David Hayes, a London-based analyst at Nomura Holdings Inc. After the botulism scare in Asia, “it’s taken a while to get the brand equity that was there repaired,” Hayes said in a phone interview. “If you could find an asset that would give you, in a more surgical way, very direct help without having a lot of baggage with it, then you would take the opportunity.” Even so, Danone needs a big transaction if it has any hopes of becoming a leader in baby formula, according to Molloy of Credit Suisse. “While a tie-up wouldn’t be without challenges and without a partner it would stretch Danone’s financial resources, it would also be the only realistic way to challenge Nestle,” the analyst wrote.

For Related News and Information: Danone Sees Second-Half Rebound After Full-Year Earnings Slump NSN N1AI5X6VDKHX <GO> Danone Said to Consider Sale of Medical Nutrition Division NSN N0XMPE6VDKHS <GO> Danone’s Growth Goals Set Back Six Months After Recalls in Asia NSN MURDS81A74E9 <GO> Danone deal news: BN FP <Equity> TCNI MNA <GO> Top deal news: DTOP <GO> Real M&A Columns: NI REALMNA <GO>

--With assistance from Andrew Roberts in Paris.

To contact the reporter on this story: Brooke Sutherland in New York at +1-212-617-0448 or bsutherland7@bloomberg.net To contact the editors responsible for this story: Beth Williams at +1-212-617-2307 or bewilliams@bloomberg.net Whitney Kisling

WSJ : Yellen Amplifies View on Need for Low Rates

Yellen Amplifies View on Need for Low Rates

Fed's Help Required as Economy and Job Market Far From Healthy

Federal Reserve Chairwoman Janet Yellen, speaking in Chicago, said, "The existence of such a large pool of 'partly unemployed' workers is a sign that labor conditions are worse than indicated by the unemployment rate." Reuters
CHICAGO—Federal Reserve Chairwoman Janet Yellen offered spirited new assurances that the Fed won't quickly back away from its low interest rate policies, describing in unusually personal terms for a central banker why she believes the economy needs these policies to support a still-weak job market.

"While there has been steady progress, there is also no doubt that the economy and the job market are not back to normal health," Ms. Yellen said in a speech at a community reinvestment conference here. "The recovery still feels like a recession to many Americans, and it also looks that way in some economic statistics."

Her comments were striking because they came less than two weeks after a Fed policy meeting where officials discussed the path to rate increases. Some investors took Ms. Yellen's comments after the meeting to mean rate increases could come sooner than expected. Her latest remarks pushed back on that idea.

"One reason why I believe it is appropriate for the Federal Reserve to continue to provide substantial help to the labor market, without adding to the risks of inflation, is because of the evidence I see that there remains considerable slack in the economy and the labor market," Ms. Yellen said.

Ms. Yellen has often said that she tries to look beyond statistics in her work to note the effect of Fed policies on actual people, an approach that was drilled into her by her mentor, the late economist James Tobin, during her Ph.D. studies at Yale.

While her predecessors at the Fed, including former chairmen Ben Bernanke and Alan Greenspan, tended to focus their public comments on economic theory and statistics, Ms. Yellen exhibited a personal touch in her speech—which could become a trademark of her tenure as Fed chairwoman—by coloring it with experiences of real people in Chicago who had struggled to gain full-time work.

" Jermaine Brownlee was an apprentice plumber and skilled construction worker when the recession hit, and he saw his wages drop sharply as he scrambled for odd jobs and temporary work," Ms. Yellen said of one man in the audience. "He is doing better now, but still working for a lower wage than he earned before the recession."

Ms. Yellen spoke to Mr. Brownlee and two others last week by telephone in preparation for her speech.

Ms. Yellen said several indicators suggest the labor market operates well short of its potential, including the high number of long-term jobless, the seven million Americans who are working part time and want full-time work, and slow wage growth. She also said the relatively low number of workers willing to quit their jobs compared with historical levels indicate a lingering insecurity about other employment prospects.

Stocks rose on her comments. In midafternoon, the Dow Jones Industrial Average was up 131.35 points, or 0.8%, to 16453.69.

"Yellen pulled out just about every dovish tool in the box as she highlighted that the economy needs extraordinary support for 'some time,' " said Bricklin Dwyer, an analyst at BNP Paribas. BNP.FR +0.64%

Most Fed officials indicated in March they expect to start raising short-term interest rates from near zero next year. Many investors expect that liftoff point in mid- to late-2015.

Ms. Yellen emphasized that the Fed's recent decision to reduce the amount of bonds it buys a month should not be viewed as a withdrawal of support of the economy. Rather, she said the Fed is adding support more slowly. The Fed is buying the bonds to keep long-term interest rates low to boost growth. The Fed decided in March to reduce its monthly bond buys by another $10 billion to $55 billion. It is expected to continue trimming the purchases this year and end them in the fall, barring a sharp shift in the economic outlook.

"Recent steps by the Fed to reduce the rate of new securities purchases are not a lessening of this commitment, only a judgment that recent progress in the labor market means our aid for the recovery need not grow as quickly," Ms. Yellen said.

Ms. Yellen later visited Richard J. Daley College, part of the City Colleges of Chicago system. As she toured a brightly lighted factory classroom, full of clanging equipment and sometimes flying sparks from welding demonstrations, the chairwoman spoke with students individually and in a larger group to discuss their program.

"I thought it was going to be someone that was uptight but she seems to approachable," said Rasheeda Shannon, a 38-year-old student at the college who also works full time at technical services firm Kay and Associates Inc.

WSJ's Hilsenrath: Yellen Sees Slack in Economy

WSJ's Hilsenrath: Yellen Sees Slack in Economy
Federal Reserve Chairwoman Offers Defense of Central Bank's Easy-Money Policies

Federal Reserve Chairwoman Janet Yellen on Monday offered a full-throated defense of the central bank's easy-money policies in a speech in Chicago. Most importantly, she argued that there is still substantial slack in the economy, holding down inflation and giving the Fed room to keep interest rates low.

Here are her five main arguments for slack (the portion in italics are direct quotes from her remarks):

1) PART-TIME WORKERS: One form of evidence for slack is found in other labor market data, beyond the unemployment rate or payrolls, some of which I have touched on already. For example, the seven million people who are working part time but would like a full-time job. This number is much larger than we would expect at 6.7% unemployment, based on past experience, and the existence of such a large pool of "partly unemployed" workers is a sign that labor conditions are worse than indicated by the unemployment rate.

2) JOB MARKET TURNOVER: Statistics on job turnover also point to considerable slack in the labor market. Although firms are now laying off fewer workers, they have been reluctant to increase the pace of hiring. Likewise, the number of people who voluntarily quit their jobs is noticeably below levels before the recession; that is an indicator that people are reluctant to risk leaving their jobs because they worry that it will be hard to find another. It is also a sign that firms may not be recruiting very aggressively to hire workers away from their competitors.

3) WAGES: The decline in unemployment hasn't helped raise wages for workers as in past recoveries. Workers in a slack market have little leverage to demand raises. Labor compensation has increased an average of only a little more than 2% a year since the recession, which is very low by historical standards. Wage growth for most workers was modest for a couple of decades before the recession due to globalization and other factors beyond the level of economic activity, and those forces are undoubtedly still relevant. But labor market slack has also surely been a factor in holding down compensation. The low rate of wage growth is, to me, another sign that the Fed's job isn't yet done.

4) LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYED: (Another) form of evidence related to slack concerns the characteristics of the extraordinarily large share of the unemployed who have been out of work for six months or more. These workers find it exceptionally hard to find steady, regular work, and they appear to be at a severe competitive disadvantage when trying to find a job. The concern is that the long-term unemployed may remain on the sidelines, ultimately dropping out of the workforce. But the data suggest that the long-term unemployed look basically the same as other unemployed people in terms of their occupations, educational attainment, and other characteristics. And, although they find jobs with lower frequency than the short-term jobless do, the rate at which job seekers are finding jobs has only marginally improved for both groups. That is, we haven't yet seen clear indications that the short-term unemployed are finding it increasingly easier to find work relative to the long-term unemployed. This fact gives me hope that a significant share of the long-term unemployed will ultimately benefit from a stronger labor market.

5) PARTICIPATION: A final piece of evidence of slack in the labor market has been the behavior of the participation rate—the proportion of working-age adults that hold or are seeking jobs. Participation falls in a slack job market when people who want a job give up trying to find one. When the recession began, 66% of the working-age population was part of the labor force. Participation dropped, as it normally does in a recession, but then kept dropping in the recovery. It now stands at 63%, the same level as in 1978, when a much smaller share of women were in the workforce. Lower participation could mean that the 6.7% unemployment rate is overstating the progress in the labor market.

FT : Corporate America’s overseas cash pile rises to $947bn

Corporate America’s overseas cash pile rises to $947bn

American companies have stockpiled nearly a trillion dollars of cash offshore to avoid paying higher tax bills at home, according to an analysis released on Monday.
The growing overseas cash pile has also become the most visible sign of corporate America’s unwillingness to place bigger bets on business expansion, despite unparalleled financial conditions.

Total cash reserves of US companies climbed to $1.64tn last year, according to the report by Moody’s Investors Service, the credit rating agency. That was $180bn or 12 per cent more than the year before.
Many American companies keep their foreign profits offshore rather than face higher taxes if they bring it home to invest, or to pay out in the form of dividends or stock repurchases.
The highly conspicuous foreign holdings, which reached $947bn last year, up 13 per cent from 2012, have brought an increase in shareholder activism, as investors have pressed companies to pay out more of their financial reserves in dividends and stock buybacks. In a break from its highly conservative financial strategy under the late Steve Jobs, Apple paid out $33bn last year – though that was still about $20bn short of its total cash profits.
A strong corporate lobby, particularly made up of the tech companies that account for nearly half of all the overseas cash, has pushed for a tax holiday, which they argue would help the US economy.
However, attempts at broader tax reform have stalled, and critics claim that much of the money that has built up offshore was the product of tax-avoidance measures and should not be allowed to escape higher US taxes in future.
Overall, corporate America is swimming in more than twice as much cash as it had as recently as 2007, according to the Moody’s report. That is despite a rise in capital spending from $862bn to $869bn in 2013, the highest level on record.

Business investment has not kept up with rising corporate profits in what has been a golden age of profitability, particularly in the tech sector. Tech companies now produce a massive 60 per cent of all the cash flow of companies outside the financial sector, according to Moody’s.
The surging excess profits point to them holding an even larger share of US corporate cash than the 39 per cent they already own. By comparison, companies in the second richest sector, healthcare and pharmaceuticals, account for only 15 per cent of the total.
The financial crisis was followed by a collapse in capital spending in 2009 and 2010. Although companies subsequently regained some of their optimism and started to spend more on expansion, the level of investment has flattened out. Many companies, although swimming in cash, are cautious about economic growth prospects and choosing to conserve their money.
Much of the cash held offshore is in low-yielding US government debt, according to a study earlier this month by the UK’s Bureau of Investigative Journalism.

FT : Janet Yellen says US jobs market still weak

Janet Yellen says US jobs market still weak

United States Federal Reserve Chair Janet Yellen speaks at the 2014 National Interagency Community Reinvestment Conference in Chicago, March 31, 2014. REUTERS/John Gress (UNITED STATES - Tags: POLITICS BUSINESS)©Reuters
Janet Yellen speaking at the National Interagency Community Reinvestment Conference in Chicago
Janet Yellen said there was still considerable slack in the US economy and labour market, implying the Federal Reserve would continue a highly stimulative monetary policy for the foreseeable future.
In remarks at a communities conference in Chicago on Monday morning, the Fed chairwoman gave a list of reasons to believe the economy and labour market were “not back to normal health”.
She said extraordinary policy was “still needed and will be for some time to come”.

Her comments may ease market nerves after a recent Fed meeting and press conference that seemed to hint at interest rate rises earlier in 2015 than previously thought.
Some recent analysis suggests the US economy is starting to run out of spare capacity. In that case, highly stimulative monetary policy could start to push up wages and inflation. But Ms Yellen said she thought such analysis was wrong.
Ms Yellen said there were 7m people working part-time who would like a full-time job, that companies were not hiring aggressively and workers were reluctant to quit jobs, that wage growth has been weak, and cited the fact that long-term unemployed workers had similar occupations and levels of education to the short-term unemployed.
“This fact gives me hope that a significant share of the long-term unemployed will ultimately benefit from a stronger labour market,” she said.

Ms Yellen also argued that a significant chunk of the decline in labour force participation – which is down from 66 per cent of the working-age population before the financial crisis to 63 per cent afterwards – was due to lack of demand in the economy.
Although the population is ageing, Ms Yellen said that “some ‘retirements’ are not voluntary, and some of these workers may rejoin the labour force in a stronger economy”.
“Based on the evidence, my own view is that a significant amount of the decline in participation during the recovery is due to slack, and another sign that help from the Fed can still be effective.”
In a notable difference from speeches by her predecessor, Ben Bernanke, Ms Yellen sought to make her comments personal and concrete rather than just abstract economics.
She introduced three people – Dorine Poole, Jermaine Brownlee and Vicki Lira – who had lost jobs in the recession and struggled to find work since. Ms Poole suffered long-term unemployment, Mr Brownlee has experienced a large fall in wages, and Ms Lira is working part-time but wants more hours.
“Recent steps by the Fed to reduce the rate of new securities purchases are not a lessening of [our] commitment, only a judgment that recent progress in the labour market means our aid for the recovery need not grow as quickly,” Ms Yellen said.
“This commitment is strong, and I believe the Fed’s policies will continue to help sustain progress in the job market.”