The Market’s Fear Gauge Is Signaling Trouble. What to Expect.
nvestors are likely to soon learn a harsh lesson about the Cboe Volatility Index, or VIX—especially those who get excited by milestones like the Dow Jones Industrial Average crossing 40,000 for the first time.
The message of the VIX, which measures implied volatility and is often referred to as the market’s fear gauge, is that stocks might be headed for a big new tumble.
When the VIX gets really low—as it is right now—the major stock indexes tend to reach new highs, and investors get greedy. History suggests that something has to give.
Volatility is mean-reverting. It behaves like a rubber band. When it gets to levels like these, it inevitably snaps back to the mean level. The cause of the mean reversion is always falling stock prices, which boost options volatility.
And volatility, of course, sometimes surges far beyond the mean level, set off by things like a stock market panic in reaction to geopolitics, hawkish economic data, or blowback from overly robust investment sentiment.
The VIX is a forward-looking index with complicated inner workings, which helps to make the so-called fear gauge one of Wall Street’s most misunderstood indicators. Its long-term average is around 19, a level that essentially prices the S&P 500 index as if it will move about 1.2% each day over the next 30 days. The VIX was recently around a subdued 12.
For options-centric investors, the VIX’s low level means that S&P 500 index options, and those of many of its component stocks, are priced without fear or greed premiums. The lack of skew—the difference between put and call volatility—is a big topic among options strategists and institutional traders.
Flat skew, or immaterial put and call volatility differences, suggests investors are too sanguine about stocks.
For institutional investors, flat skew is a call to action ahead of an event-heavy market calendar.
Known unknowns that could panic the mob and increase the VIX include Nvidia’s first-quarter earnings report on Wednesday, the June 7 nonfarm payroll report, and the June 12 consumer-price-index report, which coincides with the Federal Reserve’s interest-rate-setting committee meeting.
If the reports prompt the stock market to tank, investors should be ready to sell cash-secured puts at or below the associated stock price, with expirations of a week or two. Applying the strategy to blue-chip stocks that can be owned for several years, and ideally longer, monetizes the market mob’s fear and gets you paid by the options market to be a long-term stock investor.
Institutional fund managers can use “low skew” to buy index puts should the VIX spike and stocks decline. The strategy is best left to professionals, as it is a hard trade that drags down performance if stocks keep advancing. Instead, most everyone should focus on stock-specific goals—sans Armageddon.
Most everyone talks about the stock market via index levels, but the market is often experienced via individual stock positions. Broad market disturbances should be used by most people to add to core stock holdings, or to buy desired stocks at lower prices.
Any conversation about volatility is necessarily obtuse. To simplify, remember our VIX trading ditty: When the VIX is low, it’s time to go; when the VIX is high, it’s time to buy.
Throughout history, low VIX readings have preceded stock weakness, and high VIX readings have preceded stock strength. Adding that insight to your investing playbook should help you better navigate the market’s vicissitudes.