The Information : Nvidia, OpenAI and Their Rivals Expand AI Turf Wars

Nvidia, OpenAI and Their Rivals Expand AI Turf Wars

The Takeaway
• Meta could follow other open-source AI developers by selling Llama directly to customers
• It’s probably a matter of time before Google and OpenAI start developing humanoid robots themselves
• Don’t be surprised if Microsoft and Amazon develop wearable AI devices.

Nvidia, a chip giant, says it can develop a cloud services and software business to rival Amazon Web Services. OpenAI, an artificial intelligence developer, has been developing server chips and a browser to reduce its dependence on Nvidia and Google, respectively. And Elon Musk hired a data center team to build one of the biggest supercomputing server clusters for developing conversational AI.

It seems like every major competitor in the AI field is moving into the territory of its rivals or customers. They’re trying to either take a piece of the growing market for consumer and enterprise AI services, including server hardware and personal devices, or create a new industry, such as humanoid robots. In many other cases, especially when it comes to AI server chips, companies are trying to lessen their dependence on key suppliers to save money.

As the two charts below show, several large tech companies are competing neck and neck to develop an AI hardware and software “stack,” while others are trying to catch up. In the below chart, the darker the square, the more advanced the company’s business or technology is in that field. Blank squares or lightly colored squares show the gaps these companies have in developing core components for AI, which they might fill through new internal efforts or an acquisition.

For instance, OpenAI began exploring developing its own AI chips to lessen its reliance on Nvidia barely a year after launching its first major business, ChatGPT, in late 2022. It has continued that effort with the help of Broadcom, a longtime chip designer, and plans to launch sophisticated chips by 2026. Apple also recently embarked on development of its first AI server chip with Broadcom’s help as Apple barrels into consumer AI services for the iPhone.

Llama Cloud Service?

Meta Platforms, meanwhile, runs a major open-source AI model, Llama, but doesn’t have a way to distribute it directly to businesses. Meta could follow in the footsteps of other open-source AI developers by hosting the Llama software in its own data centers and selling it to businesses as a cloud service, as well as providing extra security and other features such buyers might want.

Meta already is going outside its traditional comfort zone by developing a web search engine so its AI chatbot can answer questions about current events without needing help from Google and Microsoft.

The frenzy in AI mirrors the expansion Google, Amazon, Apple and Microsoft have made over the past 15 years to compete with one another in selling cloud services, mobile devices and video—with varying degrees of success.

In AI, however, the attempted land grabs have happened faster, as leaders in the field don’t know which businesses or technologies will be most valuable in the long run.

OpenAI recently took control over the planning of a data center in Abilene, Texas, because it felt that Microsoft, which is supposed to be its exclusive data center provider, wasn’t moving fast enough to set it up. OpenAI also has been developing a web browser so it can have more control over the way people interact with ChatGPT. And through a separate company, OpenAI CEO Sam Altman has been developing an AI-powered personal device that could possibly use OpenAI software.

OpenAI technically doesn’t own or control the Abilene facility, but don’t be surprised if it gets more involved in setting up data centers and supercomputing clusters for AI down the line. Chief Financial Officer Sarah Friar has already talked with colleagues about the company’s ability to raise debt for such facilities.

Meanwhile, Nvidia, which was feeling some heat after customers such as OpenAI and Amazon ramped up development of their own custom AI chips, has been expanding a cloud and software business that could compete with Amazon Web Services. Nvidia has typically sold products through intermediaries, so its shift to direct sales may not be smooth.

AWS, for its part, is making a big push with its own AI chips, which it hopes will eat into Nvidia’s share of the market, though that’s far from guaranteed. And AWS recently launched its own large language models, similar to OpenAI’s, so it doesn’t have to entirely rely on Anthropic. AWS resells Anthropic models to cloud customers and uses them to power new Amazon AI products and features.

Then there’s Musk, who unexpectedly developed an advanced data center to aid his startup, xAI, as he felt that cloud providers such as Oracle wouldn’t move fast enough to set up such a facility. The bold and risky bet appears to be paying off and has set into motion a scramble among rivals including OpenAI to catch up. Some of them have even felt compelled to spy on the facility from the air.

Chip Flop

Not all the companies’ new moves have gone well. Microsoft last year finally launched an AI chip to potentially lessen its reliance on Nvidia, but the chip hasn’t performed as well as the company hoped. Microsoft isn’t selling it to cloud customers yet, though it is continuing to develop new versions.
Where companies have weaknesses, they have turned to partners. The most famous example in the AI bunch is Microsoft’s reliance on OpenAI models, though it is trying to develop comparable ones on its own and has been striking deals to use models from other providers such as Anthropic. Apple is also partly relying on OpenAI to power features for Apple Intelligence.

Acquisitions are another option. As Nvidia has increasingly developed a nascent cloud and software business to complement its chip largesse, for instance, it has made several small startup acquisitions to buttress those newer products.

Anthropic, OpenAI’s biggest startup rival, remains a potential acquisition target for companies such as Amazon or Apple that don’t have state-of-the-art LLMs that can compete with those of OpenAI.

Of all the companies in our charts, Google has established its technology or business bona fides in nearly all of the software and hardware categories in our chart, so it seems the least likely to pursue a major acquisition or partnership. And now it's looking to leverage major strengths in some areas, such as consumer apps like search, to point its billions of users to Gemini, a chatbot that competes with ChatGPT, The Information reported last week.

However, Google has been pushing to break apart the Microsoft-OpenAI cloud deal so that Google Cloud might host OpenAI models in its data centers and resell them to cloud customers. Right now, only Microsoft can do so, meaning Google and other non-Microsoft clouds are missing out on potential revenue.

In the area of wearable AI devices or robots powered by LLMs, a lot could happen in the coming year as Musk parades around his nascent Optimus robot prototypes and talks about them as a $1 trillion-per-year revenue opportunity. More rivals undoubtedly will get in the game.

The Robots Are Coming

For instance, Google on Friday announced it would provide AI software to humanoid robot startup Apptronik. Google previously owned and later shut down or sold numerous robotics firms, including Boston Dynamics. But now, some of the AI that powers services like ChatGPT can help robots understand objects around them. It’s probably a matter of time before Google and OpenAI—which earlier this year said it restarted its robotics software division—start developing humanoid robots themselves.

Meta sells smart glasses that it is pairing with its Llama AI so the wearer could verbally ask the AI about their surroundings or request other information, getting responses through speakers positioned next to their ears. Meta has also considered developing earbuds resembling Airpods, but with an outward-facing camera that can “see” and analyze the person’s surroundings.

Apple and Google are incorporating AI into mobile phones to perform functions similar to those of the glasses, and Apple could also make its mixed reality Vision Pro device a hub for AI assistants and apps. Google has also said it has developed prototype glasses for AI.

Microsoft and Amazon haven’t announced any new AI devices or robots based on LLMs, but the chart suggests we shouldn’t be surprised if they do. Microsoft is no stranger to wearable hardware, given its experience developing Hololens, and an Amazon Alexa team last year discussed developing a new AI-powered device.

TechCrunch : AI startups attracted 25% of Europe’s VC funding

AI startups attracted 25% of Europe’s VC funding

Venture funding into Europe is heading for a flat year, but this may obfuscate the fact that European AI startups are thriving.

According to VC firm Balderton Capital and Dealroom, 25% of VC funding into the region — approximately $13.7 billion — went to AI startups this year, compared to 15% four years ago, resulting in several new unicorns, such as Poolside and Wayve.

For Balderton Capital general partner James Wise, the most important takeaway is that “you can raise hundreds million euros, even billions euros, as a very early-stage AI company if you’ve got a breakthrough technology in Europe, just as you can in the U.S.”

This counters what he sees as a “relatively negative narrative” around Europe: Collectively, European AI companies have doubled in value in just four years, reaching $508 billion. Per these new figures, this category now represents nearly 15% of the entire tech sector in value, up from 12% three years ago.

This means there’s funding available to AI startups, whether at early or at later stages, although it may not always come from Europe itself. In addition, American AI companies also see Europe as a talent pool to tap into.

“We’re still probably a derivative of the U.S. market, we’re still reliant on it, but it’s not like nothing’s happening here. It’s actually a really buoyant ecosystem,” Wise told TechCrunch.

This may not be news to TechCrunch readers already familiar with European AI rising stars such as Mistral AI and Photoroom, but also newcomers like Dottxt. What’s less expected, however, is Dealroom’s finding that 349,000 people were employed by AI companies in Europe this year, a 168% increase since 2020.

This may sound surprising, as many AI teams are on the smaller side; but for Wise, this is in line with the thesis of his recent book, “Start-up Century: Why we’re all becoming entrepreneurs — and how to make it work for everyone.” Says Wise: “You’re going to see a rise in hundreds of small, very productive companies, rather than one large, medium productive company.”

There’s also a snowball effect, as AI companies make others more productive.

“In our CTO survey, 93% of the companies we work with have said that generative AI tools have significantly changed their workflow in the last year,” Wise said. Among these, some said their engineering teams are now twice as productive, while others see an impact on other functions — averaging out to 20% savings in operating costs.

All of this leads Wise to think that the adoption of AI will continue to increase. Will this be good news for Europe’s AI sector? Perhaps, although Wise and his colleagues now think that “there’s no longer an AI sector.” This would potentially make similar data pointless next year.

FT : US launches probe into Chinese semiconductor industry

US launches probe into Chinese semiconductor industry
Investigation comes just weeks before Biden administration hands over to president-elect Donald Trump

The US has launched a probe into alleged anti-competitive measures by China to support its semiconductor industry, just weeks before the Biden administration hands over to president-elect Donald Trump.

The US Trade Representative’s office said it was investigating “China’s acts, policies and practices related to targeting of the semiconductor industry for dominance”.

The probe will be conducted under Section 301 of the US Trade Act and initially target what the USTR called “foundational” semiconductors, including those used by the automotive, healthcare, infrastructure, aerospace and defence industries.

It marks the latest in a worsening tit-for-tat trade war over semiconductors, sparking fears of serious disruptions to international supply chains.

Potential outcomes of a Section 301 investigation include import restrictions or new tariffs on shipments from China of the kinds of chips used in cars, household appliances and consumer devices — a decision that would fall to the Trump administration.

Washington on Monday accused China of using “extensive anti-competitive and non-market means, including setting and pursuing market share targets, to achieve indigenisation and self-sufficiency”. China’s alleged tactics were designed to achieve dominance of the semiconductor industry in China and on global markets, the USTR said.

After several years of focusing its semiconductor policies on the most cutting-edge processors necessary for creating advanced artificial intelligence, Washington is turning its attention more to the mature end of the market, with chips manufactured using what the industry calls “legacy” production systems.

Makers of advanced chip manufacturing equipment, such as ASML, are already restricted from selling their most sophisticated tools to Chinese chipmakers, holding back China’s advances in AI and curtailing its efforts to build a rival to Silicon Valley-based Nvidia.

However, that has not prevented Chinese chipmakers from making huge investments to scale up production of legacy semiconductors. Some analysts estimate that China is on track to double its chip manufacturing capacity by the end of the decade, boosted by subsidies from Beijing.

The commerce ministry in Beijing said it was “firmly opposed” to the latest 301 investigation, and that action would disrupt global supply chains and hurt the interest of US companies and global consumers.

It noted that US companies dominate the global chip market and the US government has provided “huge” subsidies to its domestic chip industry. Beijing also issued a thinly veiled warning of retaliation, saying China would “take all necessary measures” to defend its rights. 

US and European semiconductor executives have warned that local chipmakers could suffer from the same kind of problems that the flood of low-cost Chinese solar panel imports has caused western producers in recent years. Relying on Chinese suppliers could also create national security issues for the US, officials fear.

Often overlooked amid the hype around AI, the significance of legacy semiconductors became apparent during the Covid-19 pandemic, when factory shutdowns triggered widespread shortages of everyday electronic goods.

A report by the US Department of Commerce earlier this month found that China’s recent increase in production of mature-node semiconductors “has already begun to cause pricing pressure that may weaken US chip suppliers’ competitive positions”.

More than two-thirds of US companies’ products use chips produced in Chinese foundries, the report said.

China has for decades viewed its dependence on the US and other countries as a fundamental national security vulnerability. But it has struggled to shake its reliance on foreign companies for the key design and manufacturing technologies needed to make increasingly sophisticated chips.

Earlier this month, Washington issued new export controls targeting China’s ability to make the most advanced chips, including tougher restrictions on shipping semiconductor manufacturing tools and a ban on exports of advanced memory chips needed in AI hardware.

Beijing swiftly hit back, banning the shipment to the US of key minerals and metals used in chip production. It also opened its own investigation into Nvidia for suspected violations of the country’s anti-monopoly law.

FT : Russia aims to be global leader in nuclear power plant construction

Russia aims to be global leader in nuclear power plant construction
Vladimir Putin’s envoy says more than 10 units are being built in countries such as China, Iran and Turkey

Russia is building more than 10 nuclear units abroad as it looks to tap into rising energy demand driven by artificial intelligence and developing markets, according to an envoy of President Vladimir Putin.

Moscow is doubling down on efforts to boost its global influence by expanding its nuclear fleet, with plants under construction in countries including Bangladesh, China, Egypt, India, Iran and Turkey. Russia has enhanced its role as a major nuclear energy provider even as the oil and gas sector has faced heavy sanctions after its invasion of Ukraine.

Boris Titov, the Kremlin’s special representative for international co-operation in sustainability, said the country wanted to cement its position as “one of the biggest builders of new nuclear plants in the world”. 

He said Russia expected strong demand for nuclear power from developing countries eager for cleaner sources of energy, as well as from technology companies harnessing AI in data centres. The International Atomic Energy Agency forecast this year that world nuclear generating capacity would increase by 155 per cent to 950 gigawatts by 2050.

“We are building more than 10 different units around the world,” Titov told the Financial Times. “We need a lot of energy. We will not be able to provide this energy without using . . . nuclear. We know that it’s safe . . . it’s not emitting [greenhouse gas emissions], so it is very clean.”

Russia’s growing overseas nuclear portfolio, including reactor construction, fuel provision and other services, spans 54 countries, according to an article published last year in the journal Nature Energy by the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs. 

Titov pointed to Hungary’s Paks 2 plant as well as units in Bangladesh and Turkey. Russia is also expected to build a plant with small modular reactors in Uzbekistan, while it signed an agreement with Burkina Faso’s ruling junta in 2023. The FT reported this year that Russia was involved in more than a third of new reactors being built worldwide.

Western governments have attempted to push back against Russia’s nuclear prominence, with the US banning imports of Russian-enriched uranium this May. 

With the exception of Hungary, most eastern European countries have signed contracts for fuel developed to fit Soviet-era reactors by US company Westinghouse since the full-scale invasion of Ukraine. 

As part of a wider push to meet an indicative target of being free from Russian fuel imports by 2027, Dan Jørgensen, the new EU commissioner for energy, said that he wanted to examine the “full nuclear supply chain”. 

But Hungarian premier Viktor Orbán and Slovakian prime minister Robert Fico have said they would block any steps to restrict Russia’s civilian nuclear energy industry.

After meeting Putin on Sunday, Fico said in a post on Facebook that potential sanctions against Russia would be “financially damaging and endanger the production of electricity in nuclear power plants in Slovakia, which is unacceptable”.

But fears that Russia could create critical nuclear fuel shortages for the bloc, as it did for gas in 2022, are overstated, one senior EU official said.

“Rosatom has a vested interest to be reliable,” they added.

A more immediate problem is US sanctions on Gazprombank, a major conduit for energy payments to Russia. The measures exempted civil nuclear energy except for Hungary’s Paks 2 plant. Hungary’s foreign minister Péter Szijjártó has called the singling out of the new plant an “entirely political decision”.

Many developing countries are looking at nuclear to meet clean energy requirements, offering more potential markets for Russia.

Nik Nazmi Nik Ahmad, Malaysia’s natural resources and environmental sustainability minister, told the Financial Times that the country was “studying the introduction of nuclear”. 

He said all the “major players” were “talking to the [Malaysian] government” on potential projects, without referring to specific countries.

Speaking at the UN COP29 climate summit in Azerbaijan in November, Jake Levine, senior climate and energy director at the US National Security Council, said Washington was concerned about countries turning to China or Russia for nuclear power.

Global competitiveness in the industry was a “huge issue”, he added.

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FT : Why bigger is not always better in biotech

Why bigger is not always better in biotech
Appetite will pick up as interest rates fall, but uneven distribution of funding and rewards looks set to persist

It was winner-takes-all in biotech investing in 2024. Larger funds attracted an outsize share of the available investment cash. While many companies struggled, dozens raised at least $100mn.

Much of the excitement was generated by red-hot sectors. In late April San Francisco-based artificial intelligence drug discovery start-up Xaira announced it had raised $1bn in one of biotech’s biggest-ever launches. New York-based weight loss start-up Metsera brought in more than $500mn in funding in seven months.


The market is increasingly driven by fewer, deep-pocketed investors, often working with a relatively small number of like-minded investors and fund managers. Among the high-flying funds are Flagship Pioneering, the investor behind vaccine company Moderna, which raised $3.6bn in July. In October, Netherlands-based Forbion raised $2.2bn across its two newest funds.

But many in the sector are struggling. The post-pandemic rise in interest rates, which damped the appeal of risky, long-term bets, prompted a severe shake-out. Even after a rise of about 40 per cent since late October 2023, the S&P Biotechnology Select Industry index is more than 50 per cent below its 2021 high. More than one in four US healthcare companies raising at least $15mn of new funds reported a flat or down round in the first half of 2024, according to Silicon Valley Bank. 


The deployment of funds has been affected by delayed distributions to investors from existing funds. That reflects continuing difficulties in cashing investments, despite a pick-up in initial public offerings and some high-profile acquisitions. Danish biotech Genmab’s $1.8bn acquisition of US-Chinese cancer drugmaker ProfoundBio is one example.

Big Pharma has deep pockets but it is choosy about acquisition targets. Buyers want evidence of drugs’ effectiveness and clinical differentiation. That is extending the period for which companies need funding. That is a reason why funds are writing bigger cheques, freeing up investee companies from the treadmill of constant fundraising.

But this trend can divert funding away from early stage firms. The problem is particularly acute in the UK, where many investors have shifted to later-stage deals, according to Roel Bulthuis, managing partner at FTSE 250 life sciences investment trust Syncona.

Across Europe, there is a long-standing mismatch between scientific prowess and the capital to exploit it. Legal and cultural barriers limit the international flow of funds. The scarcity of capital means valuations are on average 40 per cent lower in Europe than in the US, according to Forbion managing partner Sander Slootweg. That gap is typically closed when the company is floated or sold, boosting profits for VC firms.

The appetite for biotech bets will pick up with falling interest rates. But the uneven distribution of funding and rewards looks set to persist.

WSJ : Xerox to Buy Printer Maker Lexmark From Chinese Owners

Xerox to Buy Printer Maker Lexmark From Chinese Owners
Deal would value the closely held company at $1.5 billion, including debt

Xerox XRX -1.53%decrease; red down pointing triangle Holdings is nearing a deal for Lexmark International that values the maker of printers and printing software at $1.5 billion, including debt, according to people familiar with the matter.

The details
An acquisition of closely held Lexmark is expected to be announced Monday morning, the people said.

Xerox’s takeover of the business would bring Lexmark back under U.S. ownership. The company’s current owners are printer maker Ninestar Corp. 002180 -1.22%decrease; red down pointing triangle (formerly known as Apex Technology), listed in Shenzhen, China; private-equity firm PAG Asia Capital; and asset manager Shanghai Shouda Investment Centre.

Xerox is expected to finance the deal with a combination of cash on hand and committed debt financing, the people said.

The context
Xerox, based in Norwalk, Conn., had a market value of a little over $1 billion as of Friday. Its share price is down more than 50% year to date, and has come under pressure in recent months from lower-than-expected equipment sales.

Lexmark was formed out of IBM in 1991 and is based in Lexington, Ky. The company in 2016 agreed to be sold to a group of Chinese buyers for $2.54 billion, not including debt, taking it off the public market.

It has faced challenges recently. The U.S. last year blocked the import of goods made by Ninestar over the company’s alleged use of forced labor tied to China’s Xinjiang region.

Xerox has been led by Chief Executive Steve Bandrowczak since August 2022. At the start of this year, Xerox announced a new organizational structure to center the company around three priorities: its core print business; global business services; and information technology and digital services.

Xerox in October announced a $400 million deal for ITsavvy, a provider of IT products and services.

Activist investor Carl Icahn had been one of Xerox’s biggest investors for years but sold his remaining stake back to the company in late 2023. The two parties had feuded on and off over various strategic moves.

The rationale
The deal for Lexmark would roughly double Xerox in size and create a vertically integrated manufacturer, distributor and provider of printing equipment and services.

The acquisition would bolster Xerox’s core printing portfolio and help it expand its services globally, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. The company would also benefit from Lexmark’s investments in a global supply chain and a growing market for a kind of color printing known as A4.

The two companies already have a relationship. Lexmark has been a supplier to Xerox for years.

L'Informé : Les méthodes musclées de Stéphane Courbit pour reprendre un hôtel de

Les méthodes musclées de Stéphane Courbit pour reprendre un hôtel de luxe à Courchevel
Depuis dix ans, le pape de la téléréalité ferraille avec les copropriétaires de l’ancien Mercure, situé dans l’endroit le plus select de la station savoyarde.

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Ce jour-là, même un mort n’aura pas suffi à contrarier les projets de Stéphane Courbit. En ce matin d’octobre 2014, le producteur télé devenu passionné d’immobilier a l’occasion de faire avancer sa conquête de la station la plus cossue d’Europe : Courchevel. L’investisseur y détient déjà deux palaces à quelques pas des pistes, les Airelles et le Melezin, et ne compte pas s’arrêter là. À son agenda ? Une assemblée générale avec les propriétaires des murs de l’hôtel Mercure, un trois-étoiles parfaitement situé au cœur du Jardin alpin, le coin le plus huppé de la ville. L’homme d’affaires se prépare à faire une annonce à la centaine de particuliers réunis en société civile immobilière : il va reprendre le bail et s’occuper de faire tourner la boutique… Quand survient un triste imprévu : le directeur de l’hôtel Dominique Bottelin, attendu à la réunion, est retrouvé mort dans sa chambre à peine la séance commencée. « Lorsqu’on a appris le décès, plusieurs copropriétaires ont bien sûr proposé d’ajourner l’AG, se souvient Liliane Konqui, actionnaire de la SCI et scrutatrice de la réunion. Mais le gérant a insisté pour que l’assemblée soit maintenue, car le nouvel exploitant de l’hôtel était venu spécialement pour nous présenter son projet. » Business is business.

L’épisode signe le début d’une bataille épique, où tous les coups sont permis. Un étonnant combat en terre chic, où les bonnes manières ne semblent plus de mise. Depuis 10 ans, Stéphane Courbit ferraille avec les détenteurs des murs de l’ex-Mercure devenu le Lake Hotel. Son objectif ? Mettre la main sur cet espace exceptionnel, situé dans le plus bel emplacement de Courchevel, juste au bord du lac. L’enjeu est de taille : dans cette station envahie par les ultra-riches étrangers – notamment des Russes surnommés les « blingcheviks » - où les chambres peuvent être proposées plusieurs milliers d’euros la nuit, cet établissement est un des trois derniers du Jardin alpin à ne pas avoir déjà été transformé en palace par un milliardaire de l’immobilier. Preuve du potentiel, le groupe Kerzner se propose de débourser 165 millions d’euros pour acquérir le bâtiment et y installer sa marque One & only. Mais pour contrer le projet, le pape de la télé, producteur de Koh lanta et Fort Boyard, ne manque pas d’audace. Entre procès, coups de pression et pieds de biche, l’affaire révèle des méthodes pour le moins singulières.

Au départ, il y a donc cette AG endeuillée, où le serial investisseur annonce aux copropriétaires qu’il va reprendre l’exploitation de l’hôtel. Pour cela, il décide de s’associer avec François Dubrule, dont les connexions peuvent être utiles. En effet, son oncle, Paul, est le cofondateur et le coprésident d’Accor, le groupe qui exploite les lieux sous la marque Mercure depuis 1978. Stéphane Courbit, François Dubrule et le géant hôtelier créent alors une société baptisée Société hôtelière Courchevel investissement (SHCI), qui rachète à Accor le fonds de commerce et le bénéfice du bail. De quoi susciter des premières interrogations chez les propriétaires, car l’opération se conclut pour seulement 600 000 euros, un prix de vente étonnamment bas pour un établissement qui engrange 4 millions de chiffre d’affaires par an. Deux ans plus tard, une expertise commandée par Courbit et Dubrule eux-mêmes valorisera d’ailleurs le fonds de commerce à 6 millions d’euros, soit dix fois plus. Autre étrangeté : le groupe Lavorel, via sa filiale les Clefs du luxe, avait proposé de reprendre le fonds de commerce, mais son offre n’a pas été retenue. Elle s’élevait pourtant à un million d’euros, selon Isabelle Monsenego, gérante de la SCI depuis 2017. Ces bizarreries conduiront finalement la SCI à porter plainte en 2023 pour « abus de bien social » et « présentation ou publication de compte infidèles ».

Stéphane Courbit, lors de son discours en AG, annonce aussi un projet de rénovation nécessitant d’importants travaux. Et pose d’emblée une condition : renégocier par anticipation le bail, qui expirait normalement fin 2017. Plusieurs copropriétaires soulèvent alors un loup : « si nous avions renégocié le bail par anticipation, se serait appliquée alors la toute nouvelle loi Pinel, qui mettait les grosses réparations à la charge des copropriétaires, se souvient Liliane Konqui. Alors que dans le bail dont nous bénéficions, tous les travaux au-delà de 160 000 euros étaient à la charge du locataire. Évidemment, Stéphane Courbit ne nous a pas parlé de ce point important dans son discours. Il pensait que nous ne nous en apercevrions pas, mais nous avons compris sa manœuvre.  » Un an plus tard, le duo Courbit-Dubrule chiffre les travaux à 10 millions d’euros et demande aux copropriétaires d’en payer la moitié. Ce qu’ils refusent, arguant ne pas en avoir les moyens. « Stéphane Courbit voulait nous pousser à vendre et racheter l’immeuble pour une quinzaine de millions d’euros seulement », analyse Isabelle Monsenego.

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La collaboration semblant assez mal engagée, les copropriétaires décident de ne pas renouveler le bail des deux locataires et de trouver un autre exploitant – en l’occurrence, la société Honotel, sous la marque Lake Hotel. Parallèlement, ils décident de vendre l’immeuble et mandatent un agent immobilier. Celui-ci « a consulté tous les gros propriétaires d’hôtel à Courchevel comme LVMH ou Xavier Niel, qui disait que l’immeuble ne valait pas plus de 100 millions », raconte Isabelle Monsenego. Deux propositions sont finalement déposées. L’une vient du sulfureux marchand de biens Pierre Reynaud. L’autre émane de Kerzner, sérieux groupe du magnat sud africain Sol Kerzner qui signe une promesse de vente pour 165 millions d’euros. Courbit et Dubrule, eux, ne formulent pas d’offre. « Nous aurions été tout à fait prêts à leur vendre s’ils avaient proposé le juste prix. Mais ils ne supportent pas d’avoir perdu le bail et veulent nous avoir à l’usure », assure Isabelle Monsenego.

Les deux hommes d’affaires se lancent en tout cas dans une guérilla tous azimuts, toujours en cours aujourd’hui. D’abord sur le terrain juridique, en réclamant à la SCI des dommages pour ne pas avoir renouvelé leur bail. En 2023, la cour d’appel de Chambéry leur accorde 5,5 millions d’euros d’indemnités d’éviction. Un procès qui a repoussé le changement d’exploitant, finalement opéré mi-2023.

Toujours au tribunal, lorsque les copropriétaires doivent se prononcer sur le mandat de vente, le duo conteste cette résolution en référé, mais en vain. Puis, lorsque la promesse de vente est signée, François Dubrule écrit à Isabelle Monsenego en l’accusant de commettre « une faute de gestion, ce que nous nous réservons le droit de faire sanctionner en justice ». Il demande que les copropriétaires ne votent pas sur l’opération.

Plus original, Courbit et Dubrule ont aussi l’idée d’acheter une des chambres d’hôtel pour 235 000 euros, ce qui leur permet de devenir copropriétaires et de participer aux AG. Ils votent ainsi contre le mandat de vente, puis contre la cession elle-même, mais sont suivis par seulement une poignée de copropriétaires.

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De manière plus astucieuse encore, le binôme rachète en 2016 pour 4,6 millions d’euros les murs du bar restaurant de l’hôtel, puis un appartement de fonction, ainsi qu’une des chambres de service. Avec la ferme intention de les garder. « Nous vous le redisons formellement, nous ne sommes pas vendeurs », écrit ainsi François Dubrule en 2021. Selon Isabelle Monsenego, ils auraient ainsi refusé une offre de Kerzner à 30 millions d’euros pour le bar restaurant.

Les deux associés mènent la vie dure aux copropriétaires. D’abord, lorsqu’ils perdent le bail de l’hôtel en 2023, ils ferment le bar restaurant, ce qui contraint le nouvel exploitant à installer une yourte devant l’hôtel pour y servir les petits déjeuners…

Surtout ils cherchent à empêcher toute vente des murs. « Toute offre de vente soumise à un accord de notre part sur la vente des biens nous appartenant, ne pourra qu’échouer », assure le courrier de François Dubrule. De quoi, potentiellement, faire dérailler la promesse de vente signée avec Kerzner, car celle-ci contient plusieurs conditions suspensives, notamment le rachat du bar, de l’appartement de fonctions et de toutes les chambres de service. Face à ce blocage, Isabelle Monsenego et ses acolytes ne se laissent pas abattre. « Si Courbit et Dubrule parviennent à bloquer la vente à Kerzner, alors les copropriétaires ne remettront pas en vente les murs, les mêmes causes produisant les mêmes effets, mais continueront à exploiter ou faire exploiter l’hôtel ", explique la patronne de la SCI.

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Mais Stéphane Courbit trouve une faille mettant en cause la sécurité de l’hôtel et, par là, son exploitation. En pratique, il parvient à empêcher toute circulation entre l’hôtel et le bar-restaurant, désormais séparés par une cloison, avec une porte fermée à clef. Comment ? Le 28 décembre 2023, son neveu Mathieu Zuchiatti débarque avec quelques hommes, se présente comme « un des actionnaires » du bar restaurant, et explique qu’il est venu changer la serrure de la porte. Un, parce qu’il affirme ne pas avoir la clé, et deux, parce que « comme ça, plus personne n’aura accès ici.  ». Dans une vidéo filmée par un témoin ce jour-là, on voit en effet un autre homme s’affairer au niveau de la serrure.  « Une semaine plus tôt, Mathieu Zuchiatti avait déjà fait une première tentative qui s’était avérée infructueuse, car je m’étais mise devant la porte pour faire barrage de mon corps et j’avais appelé les gendarmes », raconte Isabelle Monsenego, qui a alors porté plainte pour « dégradation en réunion » et « menaces ». Depuis lors, Courbit et Dubrule refusent de fournir une clef au personnel de l’hôtel. Ce qui pose un problème si une alarme incendie se déclare dans l’espace restauration. Dans un tel cas de figure, les équipes de l’hôtel ne pourraient y accéder.

Ce point a été relevé lors d’un contrôle mené en mai 2024 par la commission de sécurité qui dépend de la préfecture. Cette visite avait été demandée par le maire Jean-Yves Pachod, membre de cette commission. L’instance a rendu un avis défavorable sur l’exploitation de l’hôtel en raison de « l’impossibilité de la levée du doute [en cas d’alarme incendie] due à l’absence d’accès à certains locaux ». Dans la foulée, le maire a indiqué aux copropriétaires que « la fermeture de l’établissement pourra être prononcée dans l’hypothèse où les prescriptions de la commission n’étaient pas respectées ».

Un courrier qui a rendu furieuse Isabelle Monsenego : le jugeant illégal, elle a déposé un recours pour excès de pouvoir. Elle s’est aussi fendue le 21 août d’un email virulent au maire et aux conseillers municipaux : « il n’existe pas de problème réel de sécurité incendie, mais une manœuvre des sociétés de M. Courbit, [qui] ont fait le choix de créer artificiellement un problème de sécurité incendie. … M. le Maire, plutôt que de vous opposer à ce détournement des règles de sécurité incendie, fait le choix de soutenir ces agissements. »

Auprès de l’Informé, celle qui est aussi conseillère municipale d’opposition ajoute : « le maire, au lieu de menacer de fermer l’hôtel, aurait dû s’adresser à Courbit et Dubrule pour leur demander de régler le risque d’incendie dans le bar-restaurant. D’autant que ce risque est quasi-nul vu que le bar-restaurant est fermé et n’est plus alimenté en électricité. En soutenant ainsi Courbit, le maire va à l’encontre de l’intérêt de la commune. Mais Courbit fait la loi à Courchevel, il fait tout ce dont il a envie, c’est le patron. Quand il veut faire fermer un hôtel, on l’aide, au lieu de lui dire stop. Quand il construit des chalets hors la loi, on régularise a posteriori. » Une référence à une autre affaire que nous vous raconterons dans le prochain épisode…

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Contacté, le maire Jean-Yves Pachod assure : « je n’ai aucun parti pris dans ce conflit privé qui ne concerne pas la commune. Ce n’est pas à moi d’être le juge de paix de ce conflit ». L’édile ajoute : « la commission de sécurité rend seulement des avis consultatifs, et n’impose pas la fermeture des établissements. Cinq ou six hôtels de Courchevel ont déjà reçu des avis défavorables et maintenu leur exploitation jusqu’à la mise en conformité. Après l’avis défavorable, j’ai envoyé le même courrier administratif à la SCI et à la société de M. Courbit, car en matière de sécurité sur la commune, le maire est responsable. Pour l’instant, je discute avec les services de la préfecture pour trouver une solution. Je fais tout pour que le Lake Hotel soit ouvert cet hiver, c’est primordial pour nous ».

Enfin, il assure que si le Lake Hotel a fermé cet été, ce n’est nullement suite à son courrier datant de juin, car l’hôtel avait indiqué à la mairie dès mars-avril qu’il n’ouvrirait pas pour la saison estivale.

Contactés, Stéphane Courbit, François Dubrule et son groupe Valuestate n’ont pas répondu. Kerzner a indiqué qu’ "aucun projet à Courchevel n’a été confirmé à ce stade ». Accor a indiqué ne pas être informé de la plainte, et avoir vendu ses 33 % dans la Société hôtelière Courchevel investissement (SHCI) en 2023 suite à la fin du bail, et conformément au pacte d’actionnaires avec Stéphane Courbit et François Dubrule.

L'Informé : Stéphane Courbit met la main sur l’hôtel Le Samovar de Val d’Isère

Stéphane Courbit met la main sur l’hôtel Le Samovar de Val d’Isère
Le producteur télé (Hanouna, Nagui…), déjà propriétaire de 12 établissements en France, complète son joli petit Monopoly hôtelier.

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L’hôtel se situe à l’entrée de Val d’Isère dans le quartier de la Daille. L’adresse n’est pas centrale, mais tout le monde ici connaît Le Samovar, un établissement historique de la station qui a l’avantage d’être à la fois au pied des pistes et non loin d’un funiculaire. Cette maison quatre étoiles, qui a longtemps appartenu à une famille originaire de la région, vient de rejoindre la longue liste des propriétés de l’homme d’affaires Stéphane Courbit. D’après nos informations, le producteur télé vient en effet de mettre la main sur les murs et les fonds de l’hôtel, courant novembre. L’acquisition s’est faite via la SCI Samovar Immo, créée pour l’occasion, filiale à 100 % de sa branche hôtelière Lov Hotel collection.

Intimiste, l’établissement rassemble une petite vingtaine de chambres et compte sept chalets satellites pouvant atteindre jusqu’à 215 mètres carrés de surface. Parmi les commodités offertes : spa, hammam, sauna, mais aussi une terrasse avec vue directe sur les pistes… Le Samovar occupe une place de choix dans l’hôtellerie de la station dont la majorité de l’offre est faite de trois étoiles (11 au total). Il compte en effet parmi les cinq 4 étoiles de Val d’Isère (avec l’hôtel Avenue Lodge, l’hôtel Mont blanc, le Tsanteleina et L’Ormelune). Quand cinq 5 étoiles se disputent les sommets : Le Barmes de l’Ours, le Blizzard, le Mourra, le Christiana, le K2 Chogori, le Yule… et bien sûr les Airelles Val d’Isère, propriété d’un certain Stéphane Courbit.

Un empire immobilier monté brique par brique depuis 2007
Avec Le Samovar, le patron de Banijay (producteur de TPMP, Koh lanta, Fort Boyard…), devenu féru d’immobilier, s’offre une nouvelle prise de choix pour appâter une clientèle branchée. De Courchevel à Saint-Tropez, en passant par Versailles, le milliardaire - 51e fortune de France selon le classement de Challenges - aligne déjà pas moins de 12 hôtels partout en France (dont la plupart sont regroupés sous la holding Lov Hotel collection), auxquels s’ajoutent des positions dans la restauration. Un petit empire, minutieusement monté brique après brique depuis 2007, et dont la valeur peut être estimée à 900 millions d’euros, comme nous l’avions récemment révélé.

Reste à savoir si le Samovar - actuellement fermé suite à la vente - rouvrira ses portes dès la saison qui s’annonce. Rien n’est moins sûr. L’établissement qui devrait être directement géré par Anne-Laure Ollagnon, directrice générale de Lov hotel Collection, nécessitera sans doute un grand nombre d’aménagements.

Contacté, Stéphane Courbit nous a fait savoir qu’il ne ferait « aucun commentaire ». Anne-Laure Ollagnon n’a pas donné suite à nos sollicitations.